Background: To remain competitive in Industry 4.0, B2B suppliers must develop new and increasingly advanced digital services by incorporating AI. However, although being of interest to practitioners, academic research on successful AI implementation in B2B functional domains is lacking. Consequently, academics have stressed the importance of developing comprehensive frameworks within B2B marketing to accelerate the creation of strategic roadmaps for AI implementation. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how AI can be utilized to enhance digital servitization, according to the perspectives of one supplier and several of its customers. The aim is to provide a framework that can assist practitioners in implementing value-adding AI services. Method: To fulfill the exploratory purpose of this study, a qualitative single-case research design was applied. The empirical data was collected through twelve in-depth semi-structured interviews.  Utilizing an inductive approach, the data has been analyzed and interpreted through a thematic analysis. Conclusion: Incorporating a complete S-D logic mindset by implementing the AI solution based on all five axioms was found to enhance digital servitization. A model displaying various servitization activities connected to these axioms arose, emphasizing their collective impact. Additionally, suppliers may enhance digital servitization through the implementation of AI by engaging in three transformational mechanisms, namely customization, automation, and agile co-development.

Despite theoretical and policy advancements in global human and gendered approaches to development, youth in mainstream development policy discourse remains subsumed. The ratification of global best practice models of human development in Nigeria, without contextualizing the probable dividends of youth capability strength in shaping national development realities, will present challenges that are likely to threaten the sustainable future of country. Perhaps if this is sustained, this thesis argues that the capabilities of Nigerian youths will continue to remain trapped or mismatched in areas that they fail to contribute positively to Nigeria's national development. In this regard, this thesis evaluated the extent to which youth capabilities are enhanced in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) for national development in Nigeria. Firstly, this thesis contributes conceptually to understanding, broadly, the social constructions of youth in mainstream policy discourse and their positioning in both global and national development practice in Nigeria. It also critically examines through literature how western epistemological interpretations of development theorizing are reproduced in youth discourse. Succinctly, the theoretical contribution of youth in development explains how development-underdevelopment dualism in mainstream development reproduces similar youth-adult dualisms in conceptualizing how youths are recognized, represented and constituted within policy discourses. Based on this, the theoretical gaps that this thesis bridges, operationalizes the Sen's capability approach (SCA) through the utilization of Narayan-Parker's empowerment framework in order to contextualize how the intersections of youth agency and structural contributions of the NYSC could aid the effective utilization of youth capabilities for national development in Nigeria. Secondly, this thesis contributes methodologically to development practice as it adapts a mixed-method approach (MMA) to researching youth lives, especially from a developing country's context. The application of a qualitative dominant mixed method approach (qual-MMA), suggests how through social constructivist ontology and through poststructuralist epistemology, the understanding of how youths socially construct their identity and the roles they play in national development becomes clearer. Thirdly, the germane and empirical contribution of this thesis especially to mainstream development theorizing is that, youth voices captured through narratives and quantitative data helped explore the experiences of Nigerian youth's transition pathways from education to the NYSC pathway. This further allowed for critical examination of how youths are: absorbed through mobilization into the NYSC; developed through the activities in the scheme; deployed and utilized in addressing national development challenges in Nigeria. This thesis suggests that dominant social constructions based on age and transition patterns, undermine the impact/effective functioning of youth capabilities for addressing national development challenges. It concludes that limited support structures during the youth educational pathways and lack of opportunity structures while youths are in the NYSC pathways continue to limit the functioning of their capabilities in sectors of national development needs. It recommends a need to rethink the current deployment strategy of the NYSC so that youth capabilities fit the national development narrative.

This thesis examines the impact of one party dominant systems on liberal democracy in developing countries. It is insufficient to argue that one party dominant systems – systems where one party dominates over a prolonged period - need not be further scrutinised because they occur within democracies. Instead it is contended that the term ‘democracy’ is but one public virtue in a political system and thus needs to be prefixed for it to have meaning beyond a method of government selection. The importance of this is highlighted when looking at two major trends in the understanding of democracy. The first is democracy as rule by the people -a non-authoritarian democracy- where governmental control is limited, and agents of voice and accountability are protected. Voice and accountability refers to citizens being able to exercise power over the process of decision-making and not merely power to select decision-makers. The second type of democracy is rule for the people -an authoritarian democracy- where governmental control extends over all spheres of society, and the operating space for agents of voice and accountability is constrained. Since unchecked centralisation is the anti-thesis of a non-authoritarian democracy, the observed tendency of dominant parties to use their predominant position to further consolidate their control is a concern. The apprehension is, as power is centralised so the operating space of agents of voice and accountability (including political and civil society) is constrained. Despite differences in the type of one party dominant system, whether they be hegemonic (Mexico) or dominant (South Africa) the ruling dominant/ hegemonic party uses similar methods of consolidating dominance – they essentially centralise power through the establishment of (1) economic, (2) political, and sometimes (3) ideological monopolies. These monopolies are established using internal and external methods of control (centralising of political power; party controlled process of political leadership selection; institutional arrangements and electoral amendments, which favour the ruling party; patronage and corporatism), which in turn effectively close down or limit the operating space of civil and political society, especially in developing countries which do not have histories of liberal-constitutionalism, and have vast socio-economic inequalities making them especially susceptible to the manipulation of ruling elites. Although one party dominant systems may initially have a uniting, stabilising effect, if continued they tend to lead towards either the entrenchment of authoritarianism or the establishment of authoritarianism, since dominance is achieved at the expense of competition, and independent and alternative voices. Uncompetitive democracies result in unresponsive governments. Pursuing a liberal democracy, while simultaneously monopolising power is to indulge in serious programmatic contradictions. Eventually something has to give and it is usually liberal democracy. Voice and accountability inevitably become inhibited in one party dominant systems due to the mechanisms of internal and external control used by the dominant or hegemonic party. These mechanisms of control culminate in, as they did in Mexico, there being ‘no life outside the ruling party’. Only when the economic, political and ideological monopolies are dismantled through either economic liberalisation, opposition maintaining its integrity, civil society keeping its independence and societies refusing to be drawn into relationships of patronage, can the space for voice and accountability be prised open again. In the interests of its citizens and the future success of its country, the ruling party of a one party dominant system needs to recognise that it is not the sole channel for the voice of its citizens and to acknowledge the space for agents of voice and accountability. Ensuring that non-authoritarian democracy remains the only game in town in a one party dominant system requires responsive and accountable government and effective agents of voice and accountability. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Political Sciences / unrestricted

Objective: Dissecting aneurysms (DAs) of the vertebrobasilar territory manifesting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are associated with significant morbi-mortality, especially in the case of re-hemorrhage. Sufficient reconstruction of the affected vessel is paramount, in particular, if a dominant vertebral artery (VA) is impacted. Reconstructive options include stent-assisted coiling and flow diversion (FD). The latter is technically less challenging and does not require catheterization of the fragile aneurysm. Our study aims to report a multicentric experience with FD for reconstruction of DA in acute SAH. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study investigated 31 patients (age: 30–78 years, mean 55.5 years) who had suffered from SAH due to a DA of the dominant VA. The patients were treated between 2010 and 2020 in one of the following German neurovascular centers: University Hospital Leipzig, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle/Saale, and Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Zwickau. Clinical history, imaging, implanted devices, and outcomes were reviewed for the study. Results: Reconstruction with flow-diverting stents was performed in all cases. The p64 was implanted in 14 patients; one of them required an additional balloon expandable stent to reconstruct severe stenosis in the target segment. One case demanded additional liquid embolization after procedural rupture, and in one case, p64 was combined with a PED. Further 13 patients were treated exclusively with the PED. The p48MW-HPC was used in two patients, one in combination with two additional Silk Vista Baby (SVB). Moreover, one patient was treated with a single SVB, one with a SILK+. Six patients died [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 1]. Causes of death were periprocedural re-hemorrhage, thrombotic occlusion of the main pulmonary artery, and delayed parenchymal hemorrhage. The remaining three patients died in the acute–subacute phase related to the severity of the initial hemorrhage and associated comorbidities. One patient became apallic (GOS 2), whereas two patients had severe disability (GOS 3) and four had moderate disability (GOS 4). Eighteen patients showed a complete recovery (GOS 5). Conclusion: Reconstruction of VA-DA in acute SAH with flow-diverting stents is a promising approach. However, the severity of the condition is reflected by high overall morbi-mortality, even despite technically successful endovascular treatment.

THESIS ABSTRACT Svetlana R. Osadchuk Master of Arts
 Russian, and East European, and Eurasian Studies Program
 June 2018
 Title: The Physiology of Literature: A.A. Ukhtomskii and The Principle of The Dominant Russian physiologist Aleksei Alekseevich Ukhtomskii played exceptional role in the development of Russian humanities in general and Russian literary studies in particular; of special interest is his significant influence on the early works of Mikhail Bakhtin. He discovered and introduced into the scientific circulation the dominant principle that has become a point of departure in developing different important concepts such as dominant, chronotope, dialogue and others. This thesis, in a way, is a genealogical recounting of early 20th century Russian literary theory in light of its associations with the work of Ukhtomskii and a demonstration how his ideas can be used in further literary studies.

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The jealousy derives from the interaction of difference and comparison. It is mainly reflected in wealth, reputation, status and love. This study reveals what¡¦s the dominant strategy and who can survive in the society via game theory to analyze and describe the result of the interaction between a jealous one and his rival for wealth on the different levels of jealousy. It is found as below: (1).Whether the jealous person takes offensive action or not, he will receive the most harm or punishment; so it is a dominant strategy for him. (2). If someone tortures by themselves, he will suffer misery from jealousy; so it is a dominant strategy for him. (3). If the jealous person desires to catch up with his rivals via honest means, he will turn jealousy into competitive ability; as a result, those that have opposite intention will gradually be eliminated through competition. (4). If the jealous person defames, or even attacks his rivals, and attempts to benefit from them, it is happened that the extra return will make up for the cost based on jealousy; consequently it is a dominant strategy so that they will be replaced step by step.

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In this thesis, I characterized the association of Arf4GDP with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membranes. We confirmed that GDP-arrested Arf4 mutants associated with membranes irrespective of nature of tag or mutation. Recruitment appeared specific since loss of N-terminal myristoylation abolished binding. Surprisingly, mutations of residues unique to class II Arfs did not prevent recruitment of Arf4 to peripheral puncta. We then examined the failure of the GDP-arrested Arf4 mutant to disrupt Golgi structure. We identified residues R79 and E113 (likely involved in salt bridge interaction) only present in Arf1 and Arf5 as critical to the ability of their GDP-arrested mutants to disrupt Golgi structure. As predicted, introduction of these residues transformed Arf4GDP into a dominant negative mutant. Interestingly, overexpression of the putative ArfGDP receptor membrin prevented the effects of dominant negative Arf1 but not dominant negative Arf4. These results will facilitate identification of a novel Arf target critical to protein trafficking.