Bibliography: leaves 238-259. / A method of interpreting the seal body part representation from archaeological sites is presented and applied to three Holocene archaeological assemblages from the west coast of South Africa. The approach that is developed integrates several different methods that have previously been applied to terrestrial species, but that, with few exceptions, have not be.en employed in the analysis of seal remains. Most of the existing taphonomic indices cannot be applied to seals because of their unique physiology. Appropriate field observations and laboratory measurements are used to construct taphonomic indices that can be widely applied to seal bone assemblages. These include: a hardness index that mediates bone destruction through mechanical attrition, a utility index that mediates differential transport of body elements, and two indices that mediate the impact of carnivore ravaging - the carcass consumption sequence, and the carnivore destructive template. A new approach that caters for the simultaneous application of several taphonomic indices to an assemblage, where previously they have been applied individually or in pairs, is developed. In addition to the taphonomic indices, a method of determining ontogenic age is presented, and the potential limits of seal storage are explored.

The project Hope of the Remains deals with urban development from a spatial design perspective, using the Lövholmen area in Stockholm as a starting point.  The project’s purpose is to create a dialogue, to better understand and improve urban development. Also, to question what my responsibility with expertise in interior architecture is and to explore what resources the interior architect possesses.  Lövholmen bears an industrial history while also having a prominent art and design identity. The issue at stake is whether to demolish or preserve remains of the industrial period. The project may be a way of appreciating historical values, questioning environmental imprints, but also creating a nesting spatial experience for people. Like how animals seek a smaller, comfortable, and safe space to settle down. And by that, I mean spaces for people to gather to work, have conversations, have a meal, or just stay in while reading a book, which is mostly the smaller existing spaces or the smaller newly built interior rooms. However, public space is important to be preserved within the future of Lövholmen as a residential area. To create a vibrant neighborhood with coexistential values.  Hope of the Remains contains a concept and idea that are developed for the future of industrial properties that are currently empty. The idea is based on the property Nitrolack designed by the architects Nils Tesch and Lars Magnus Giertz for AB Wilh. Becker's paint factory, that was built in 1943-44. My master’s thesis investigates ​nesting as a phenomenon and its significance in these types of large spaces that hold qualities and challenges. How void and mass can be formed by color and shape. The project Hope of the Remains reflects our time, a debate about the urban growth and our responsibility for how we develop the city and how we can make use of remains, history and culture in the future. The design proposal is aimed to encourage commitment and interest. It is a way to create a conversation and inspire new visions for the development of Lövholmen and similar areas. The vision is intended to encourage dialogue. The design proposal within the project is a vision of a future in relation to what already exists on Lövholmen both historically, today and taking care of the industrial modernist remains for a new future. It is a way to increase the value of the existing structures, both a historical and environmental impact, but also the possibilities of the existing spaces as an asset for what can be developed here.

Fire-related fatalities pose many investigative challenges, in part due to their fragility. This can be managed with the creation of protocols, specific to the environment in which they are implemented. Currently, no protocol for the recovery and handling of fire-related fatalities exists in Cape Town, South Africa. Additionally, the challenges, risk factors, and resources present at forensic scenes in the area have not been documented. From April to December of 2015, fire-related death scenes were attended with Salt River Forensic Pathology Laboratory, which serves the West Metropole of Cape Town. Details of the fatal fire scenes were noted, including the challenges faced, and the settings in which the fires occurred. Emphasis was placed on methodologies used to recover, handle, and transport remains, and the availability and utilisation of resources. The affect these methodologies had on the condition of the remains between scene and autopsy was assessed. In total 32 fire-related death scenes were attended, with 48 decedents recovered. Males predominated (64.6%), and the majority were young adults (75%). Accidental deaths were most prevalent (79.2%), however a fire-related suicide and homicides highlighted the importance of thorough investigation. Informal housing constituted 68.8% of the fatal fire scenes and presented unique scene constraints, including no direct road access at 50% of these scenes. Investigative limitations included: inadequate interagency communication, resulting in a lack of collateral information available at autopsy; deficient scene and contextual documentation; non-standardised recovery methodologies; insufficient availability and utilisation of resources (including safety equipment); and no specialised personnel (e.g. forensic pathologists/ anthropologists) conducting scene recovery. The majority of cases (60.4%) were further fragmented or fractured by time of autopsy, illustrating the necessity for improvement of current methodologies and the importance of the involvement of forensic anthropologists in recovery of fragmentary remains.

Fire and smoke were fundamental ritual forces in Mesoamerican religious worldview. Found in varied contexts (funerary processing, animation ceremonies, and desecratory rituals), fire and smoke were applied to multiple media (human bodies, architecture, and ceramics). In the Postclassic (AD 950–1524) Maya lowlands, burning both processed honored ancestors’ remains and violated enemies’ remains. Ceramic incense burners with deity effigies were used to burn resins to communicate with supernaturals. Here we consider whether fire and smoke were applied in similar fashion to human bodies and censer effigies in the Petén lakes region of northern Guatemala during the Postclassic period. Specifically we document and compare (1) archaeological contexts in which human remains were burned (or have associations with burning), (2) archaeological contexts of ritual use of effigy censers, and (3) descriptions of ritual contexts involving the use of fire and smoke from codices and ethnohistoric and ethnographic accounts. Comparing human remains to representations of bodies suggests that both were subjected to similar ritual processes but that the former were particularly necessary under some political, and religious and calendrical circumstances.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of mupirocin ointment in reducing nasal colonization with mupirocin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MS MRSA) as well as mupirocin-resistant MRSA (MR MRSA). DESIGN: Prospective evaluation in which patients colonized with MRSA were treated twice daily with 2% topical mupirocin ointment for 5 days. SETTING: James H. Quillen Veterans' Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS: Forty hospitalized patients with two anterior nares cultures positive for MRSA within a 7-day period. METHODS: Treated patients had post-treatment cultures at day 3 and weeks 1, 2, and 4. Isolates underwent mupirocin-susceptibility testing and DNA typing. MRSA clearance and type turnover were assessed for isolates that were mupirocin-susceptible, low-level (LL) MR MRSA and high-level (HL) MR MRSA. RESULTS: Post-treatment nares cultures on day 3 were negative for 78.5%, 80%, and 27.7% of patients with MS MRSA, LLMR MRSA, and HL-MR MRSA, respectively. Sustained culture negativity at 1 to 4 weeks was more common in the MS MRSA group (91%) than in the LL-MR MRSA group (25%) or the HL-MR MRSA group (25%). Positive post-treatment cultures usually showed the same DNA pattern relative to baseline. Plasmid curing of 18 HL-MR MRSA resulted in 15 MS MRSA and 3 LL-MR MRSA. CONCLUSIONS: Mupirocin was effective in eradicating MS MRSA, but strains of MR MRSA often persisted after treatment. This appeared to reflect treatment failure rather than exogenous recolonization. MR MRSA is now more prevalent and it is appropriate to sample MRSA populations for mupirocin susceptibility prior to incorporating mupirocin into infection control programs.

The grounded theory presented in this study describes practices elementary principals utilize in influencing new teachers to remain in education. Eleven teachers and three elementary principals from one school division in Virginia participated in this study. Interview data were collected, elementary principals were shadowed, and documents were analyzed. Thematic categories and sub categories were formed through data analysis. The grounded theory that resulted from this study is: principals who create an atmosphere of trust, of mutual respect, and of service to children within a school foster teachers who state they feel successful, valued, safe, loyal, and professional and want to and expect to continue teaching. New teachers reported three themes that created their sense of success, value, safety, loyalty, and professionalism. Those themes are: (a) support; (b) communication; (c) first year success stories. Principals stated they employed a variety of practices to create the climate identified by the new teachers. The practices are: maintaining an open door policy, utilizing positive communication, developing leadership teams, encouraging professional development, designing and implementing support structures, providing opportunities for professional development, participating in decision making, encouraging and expecting peer collaboration and child centered instructional and behavioral programs. / Ed. D.

Includes bibliographical references. / South African jazz photography, both as a particular instance of visual history and as a local site for an international photographic genre is largely under-researched. In consequence, its iconic trajectory, with its interconnected sets of specific historical and cultural contexts, is still inaccessible to a larger viewership. One of the very few books of South African jazz photography, Beyond the Blues: Township Jazz in the ‘60s and ‘70s, with photographs by Basil Breakey, points to the fractured and traumatic history of South African jazz culture. Complementary to this exists a layered, undisciplinable ‘Konvolut’ of Breakey’s contact sheets and fragments. Forensic-quality digitisation and printing procedures open them up as a ‘superreality’ that contains multitudes of overlapping, inextricable traces social history beyond photographic genre conventions.

Bibliography: pages 182-190. / The thesis examines adolescent experience on two grape-growing farms in the Western Cape. Particular attention is paid to the daily lives of farm residents with special reference to adolescents and the power relations between farmers and farm residents and between males and females insofar as they affect adolescents. The current literature on conditions on white-owned farms in South Africa lacks detailed research at the micro-level. This thesis begins to fill the gaps in the literature by providing an understanding of how people on the farms pursue their day-to-day lives. Six months intensive fieldwork was conducted on two farms in the Western Cape. During this time participant observation was supplemented by a household survey, the correction of life-histories and interviews with farm residents. Adolescent labour was documented in both summer and winter by using observations, 24-hour recalls and instant checks. An important theme which recurs throughout the thesis is that of the entrapment and encapsulation of farm residents. I show that despite the fact that different people - men, women and adolescent girls and boys - have different options for resisting the constraints of farm existence, they remain trapped in the valley with few alternative opportunities for employment elsewhere.

Bibliography: pages 64-67. / This dissertation has attempted to illustrate by way of a cross-section of selected clinical material from particular phases in one long-term playtherapy, the relationship between the phenomenon of non-verbal and verbal attacks on the therapist, the therapeutic process and Bion's concept of projective identification. It is maintained that these attacks illustrate Bion's psychoanalytic thoughts concerning projective identification as a primitive mode of communication of unbearable feelings which cannot be tolerated, but at the same time unconsciously desire expression. Providing the theory for this is Bion's formulation of the container - contained model of early object relations and his explicit appreciation of the importance of the nurturing object, originally the mother and now the therapist, in helping the infant/child process their experience by making their thoughts thinkable, rather than remaining mindless to emotional experiences. How children communicate their experiences in therapy is frequently beyond words and can only be gauged by means of symbolic expressions, nonverbal responses, and primitive projective identification processes. The therapist's countertransference responses served as a core diagnostic tool for evaluating the nature of the child's communications. Furthermore countertransference responses, provided a valuable tool in dealing with, and containing, the concrete quality of these projective identifications by offering transformative experiences through meaningful interpretations. It is speculated that the repeated experience of the therapist remaining a repository for the child's projective identifications, in spite of the relentless attacks, played a major role in the gradual steps towards integrating the containing aspects of both the therapist as a modified figure and the therapeutic process.

Existing problems identified in the literature on teacher retention and resilience include (a) a gap in understanding factors influencing urban teacher retention; (b) lack of clarity on multiple factors swaying teachers' decisions to remain despite challenges; (c) overlapping definitions of teacher retention, attrition, and resilience; and (d) absence of a theoretical framework for a potential relationship between retention and resilience. This embedded-case study sought to identify factors influencing effective teachers' decisions to remain in an urban setting and to examine the role of teachers' resilience, retention, and effectiveness with respect to this decision. Fourteen core-area secondary teachers, identified through criterion reference sampling by National Board Certification status and administrators' assessment of characteristics derived from studies on effective urban teaching, participated in a focus group and individual interviews and supplied archival data. Line-by-line coding and data grouping revealed that (a) passion for students, dedication to reflection, a sense of spiritual calling, and dedication to social justice influenced both retention and resilience; (b) professional development increased resilience but had little influence on the decision to remain; and (c) teacher community influenced resilience at varying levels. The findings indicate a relationship between retention and resilience, yet they are not synonymous, suggesting caution when using resilience studies to create retention models. Outcomes suggest professional development that emphasizes reflection on one's purpose and practice and the linkage of reflection, pedagogical changes, and student achievement. This study contributes to positive social change by providing insight into retention of effective urban teachers and a foundation for further research on urban teacher retention and its impact on student performance.