I denna uppsats gör jag en textanalys av tre årgångar av tidskriften Vi föräldrar: 1968, 1983 och 1994. Jag ställer frågan vilka bilder av föräldraskap, framförallt faderskap, som framkommer i tidskriften och hur jämställd relationen mellan pappa och mamma är. Avspeglar sig tankar om ”den dubbla emancipationen” – det vill säga att både kvinnor och män ska delta i såväl yrkesarbete som i arbetet med hem och barn – i tidskriften och sker det några förändringar över tid? Som inramning till min analys beskriver jag det samhälleliga och politiska sammanhanget när det gäller föräldraskap och jämställdhet under den tid då respektive årgång gavs ut. Jag använder mig av teoretiska resonemang om bland annat barnorienterad maskulinitet och diskursen om det olika föräldraskapet i min analys. Min beskrivning och analys av de tre årgångarna visar att tidskriften genomgår stora förändringar över tid. Bilden av föräldraskapet och jämställdheten i tidskriften motsvarar väl det sammanhang i vilket den ges ut. Pappa är 1968 en relativt frånvarande familjeförsörjare men har 1994 blivit en delaktig familjefar. Samtidigt har han, fortfarande 1994, långt större möjlighet än mamma att välja nivå på sitt engagemang i barnen och hemmet. Att pappa spenderar tid med barnen och tar ut en större del av föräldraledigheten är något som i alla fall i de två senare årgångarna ses som positivt, även om det i årgång 1983 ofta betonas att papparollen inte får bli för lik mammarollen. Mamma har dock alltid huvudansvaret för barnen och hemmet och pappas delaktighet lyfts inte fram som viktig för hennes skull utan som något som i första hand är bra för barnen och för hans egen personliga utveckling. Min slutsats är att tidskriften Vi föräldrar under denna period inte kan sägas ha varit en tydlig förespråkare för den dubbla emancipationen. / In this essay, I carry out a text analysis of three volumes of the Swedish monthly magazine Vi föräldrar: 1968, 1983 and 1994. I examine what kind of images of parenthood, particularly fatherhood, the magazine reflects, and the relationship between mum and dad in terms of gender equality. Does the idea of so-called double emancipation – that both men and women are to participate in working life as well as in childcare and housework – manifest itself in the magazine and are there changes over time? As a contextual framework for my analysis, I use a separate section of the essay to describe the societal and political context as regards family and equal opportunities policy in the periods during which each of the three analysed volumes were originally published. Theoretically, the analysis utilises discussions and research on child-oriented masculinity, and the gender differentiated parenthood discourse. My description and analysis of the three volumes makes apparent that the magazine undergoes major changes over time. The images of parenthood and gender equality in each volume correspond to the social and political context in which it was published. In 1968, dad is a relatively absent breadwinner, whereas in 1994 he has become more of a family man. However, even in the 1994 volume, he retains the privilege of being able to choose the level of his commitment to the family in a way that mum never can. The fact that dad spends more time with the children and takes a greater share of parental leave is something that, at least in the two later volumes, is seen as something positive , even though the importance of differentiating fatherhood from motherhood is frequently stressed in the 1983 volume. Still, throughout the period mom is the primary carer as well as the one responsible for the housework, and dad’s involvement is not primarily seen as beneficial for her, but rather as something that is good for the children and for his personal growth. My conclusion is that the magazine Vi föräldrar cannot be said to be a strong advocate for double emancipation.Key

This thesis explores constructions of gendered and gender political positions and practices of men identifying as ‘feminist’. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with 28 men aged 20-34. At issue is how seemingly contradictory positions for men as feminists are made comprehensible in theory and practice. An introduction showcase theoretical discussions on gendered experiences and the possibilities of men being feminist, mainly from standpoint, radical feminist and poststructuralist radical constructionist perspectives. Men doing feminism emerge as an unresolved complex matter. This is followed by a critical discussion of state feminism, double emancipation and research on men and masculinities in the welfare state. The support for men’s participation, predominantly as white heterosexual fathers, in the Swedish gender equality project has consequences for the construction of men as potentially ‘new’, ‘good’ gender equal feminist subjects. In the construction of profeminist positions in interview performances, interviewees are located in-between the radical feminist, poststructuralist and gender equality perspectives on men, masculinity and feminism. Two themes involve an implementation of the concept of passing and introduce the analytical concept of co-fielding. Passing consists of the microsociological process of making radical and deconstructive profeminist positions authentic and yet being able to manage masculinity in homosocial contexts. Co-fielding refers to the conjoint interlacing of experiences, knowledge and meaning-making in interview interaction where relations of researcher-researched are characterized by discursive closeness and overlapping positions. Co-fielding practices affect the outcomes of co-construction of interview performances, the negotiation of gender and power relations and the reflexive use of (in this case feminist) knowledge in qualitative interviews. In analyzing the presentations of self, ambiguous meanings of profeminist positions emerge and the doing, undoing and redoing of feminism and masculinity appear multi-faceted. Radical feminism and radical constructionism seem intersected in making men’s feminist positions comprehensible. Such rebellious positions emerge as oxymoronic and, when critically brought into the gender equality context, located in a no man’s land out of place. In all, the thesis seeks to bring together theoretical, national and empirical locations of profeminist men, and in a concluding chapter also explore issues of ethics in feminist research and cross-gender interviewing.