Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Since its conquest by Britain in 1890, Zimbabwe has witnessed a series of constitution-making projects. Spanning over 100 years, the question of constitutional development has continued to dominate public debate. The end of colonial rule did not see an end to the demand for a constitution that is legitimate and durable. The search for an enduring and good constitution continued into the 21st century. With the unveiling of the 2013 constitution-making project, however, it seemed as if a long lasting solution had been 'delivered' on the question of a legitimate and durable constitution. The thesis assesses the questions of institutions and processes in Zimbabwe’s quest to construct a new constitution. It contends that institutions and processes used to make constitutions are as important as the contents of a final constitution. That is why more time and efforts are often spent negotiating the twin questions of institutions and processes of constitution-making than is spent negotiating the content of a constitution. With this in mind, the thesis develops standards for assessing institutions and processes used in successive constitution-making projects in Zimbabwe. A major finding of the assessment is that the twin questions of institutions and processes were neglected in all constitution-making efforts undertaken in Zimbabwe, including that which culminated in the creation of the Constitution of 2013. The thesis maintains that a lot of significance must be attached to the design of institutions and processes of constitution making if a constitution is to be enduring and widely accepted as legitimate.

This paper uses empirical analysis to value of each section of the NFL Draft relative to the others in order to establish which NFL draft picks are undervalued. We crafted a new performance metric that uses the size of a given draftee’s second contract relative to his peers to evaluate his performance over the course of his previous contract. Using two OLS regressions, we predict the level of performance, given by our metric score, for each section of the draft. We then use the residuals from these regressions to investigate which sections of the draft are undervalued. The results show that mid-3rd round picks and late 5th round picks are the best value per dollar in the draft.

No description available.

This study evaluates the relationship between different types of player prospects selected in the Major League Baseball amateur draft and their signing bonuses relative to where in the draft they were selected. In a perfect market differences in prospects’ statistical likelihoods of reaching the major leagues should be reflected in their relative signing bonus. The research reported here found that college players, regardless of position, have a higher likelihood of reaching the major leagues than high school players but this is not reflected in their signing bonus indicating that college players continue to be undervalued in the draft. Outfielders were found to reach the major leagues at a significantly lower rate than other players in other positions but are not penalized financially for the decreased likelihood of reaching the major leagues indicating an overvaluation of outfielders.

A lot of young athletes have great dreams but only a few reaches the stars. Which ways make it possible for the dreams to come true? This study has made a small research on the Swedish NHL professionals have made their way to the NHL by looking at data about their choices during his career, and tried to see if there is any connection between their paths to every hockey player's dream, the NHL. Results of the study show that there is a anatla different ways to go, but some are more common than others.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited / What is the political feasibility of a peacetime draft? Throughout this nation's history, the military manning debate has focused upon two separate schools of thought. On the one hand, there are those who believe that a "professional" force, comprised of experienced, career military personnel, is needed for national defense. At the same time, others have argued that a force composed of armed citizens is the best expression of democratic, "citizensoldier" ideals. A return to conscription has been proposed as the best means of remedying the deficiencies resulting from a market-based recruiting system. However, the fact is that Americans are quite satisfied with the current system (according to a 1984 survey). This thesis seeks to place the draft revival question within the framework of the philosophical and historical issues that have helped to shape the nation's attitudes toward military service. A major conclusion of the study is that political acceptability of a peacetime draft in the United States is highly questionable. / http://archive.org/details/assessmentofpoli00batt / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Background: The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the 100 worst invasive species in the world. As one of the most important crop pests and virus vectors, B. tabaci causes substantial crop losses and poses a serious threat to global food security. Results: We report the 615-Mb high-quality genome sequence of B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), the first genome sequence in the Aleyrodidae family, which contains 15,664 protein-coding genes. The B. tabaci genome is highly divergent from other sequenced hemipteran genomes, sharing no detectable synteny. A number of known detoxification gene families, including cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, are significantly expanded in B. tabaci. Other expanded gene families, including cathepsins, large clusters of tandemly duplicated B. tabaci-specific genes, and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs), were found to be associated with virus acquisition and transmission and/or insecticide resistance, likely contributing to the global invasiveness and efficient virus transmission capacity of B. tabaci. The presence of 142 horizontally transferred genes from bacteria or fungi in the B. tabaci genome, including genes encoding hopanoid/sterol synthesis and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes that are not present in other insects, offers novel insights into the unique biological adaptations of this insect such as polyphagy and insecticide resistance. Interestingly, two adjacent bacterial pantothenate biosynthesis genes, panB and panC, have been co-transferred into B. tabaci and fused into a single gene that has acquired introns during its evolution. Conclusions: The B. tabaci genome contains numerous genetic novelties, including expansions in gene families associated with insecticide resistance, detoxification and virus transmission, as well as numerous horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi. We believe these novelties likely have shaped B. tabaci as a highly invasive polyphagous crop pest and efficient vector of plant viruses. The genome serves as a reference for resolving the B. tabaci cryptic species complex, understanding fundamental biological novelties, and providing valuable genetic information to assist the development of novel strategies for controlling whiteflies and the viruses they transmit.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / OBJECTIVES: "Americans in Exile," a two-part documentary series for radio is an endeavor to shed some light on a subject which has been shrouded in confusion and, in many cases, simplistic thinking: draft dodgers and deserters in Canada. [TRUNCATED] / 2031-01-01

<p>The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is a difference between the respondent groups preparers and non-preparers position in IASBs question if a reversal of previously impaired goodwill should be prohibited. The background is an exposure draft sent out by the IASB and we examine the answers, in form of comment letters, sent in by the respondents to reach our purpose. Our method is positivistic in the sense that we study already existing theories when we create our hypothesis which gives our assumption about how the result of the respondent’s answers will be. Our data, which we have collected from the comment letters, is qualitative secondary data. When we draw our conclusions we’re using both empirics and logics, this method characterises the hypothetic-deductive method.</p><p>The theory we studied to reach our hypothesis mainly consisted of positive accounting theory, the agency theory and utility maximising theory. But we also studied existing laws, accounting standards and the special nature of goodwill as an asset to create a better understanding of how the different respondent groups would answer the question.</p><p>The result of our research showed us that more non-preparers than preparers supported IASBs proposition, but the difference between the groups was not large enough to generalize our result and we could not statistically establish any relation with help from our Chi2 test. The result that preparers to a large extent agreed with IASB is interesting because it doesn’t correspond with the theories about positive accounting theory, agency theory and the theory about utilising individuals that we have studied. From the result a few questions arise. Could it be that preparers aren’t as utilising as the theory says? Another theory that could answer this question is the stewardship theory.</p><p>Our conclusion after studying and analysing our theory and research results is that there in fact is a difference between the respondent groups preparers and non-preparers attitude towards IASBs proposal, even if the difference is smaller than we first thought.</p>

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is a difference between the respondent groups preparers and non-preparers position in IASBs question if a reversal of previously impaired goodwill should be prohibited. The background is an exposure draft sent out by the IASB and we examine the answers, in form of comment letters, sent in by the respondents to reach our purpose. Our method is positivistic in the sense that we study already existing theories when we create our hypothesis which gives our assumption about how the result of the respondent’s answers will be. Our data, which we have collected from the comment letters, is qualitative secondary data. When we draw our conclusions we’re using both empirics and logics, this method characterises the hypothetic-deductive method. The theory we studied to reach our hypothesis mainly consisted of positive accounting theory, the agency theory and utility maximising theory. But we also studied existing laws, accounting standards and the special nature of goodwill as an asset to create a better understanding of how the different respondent groups would answer the question. The result of our research showed us that more non-preparers than preparers supported IASBs proposition, but the difference between the groups was not large enough to generalize our result and we could not statistically establish any relation with help from our Chi2 test. The result that preparers to a large extent agreed with IASB is interesting because it doesn’t correspond with the theories about positive accounting theory, agency theory and the theory about utilising individuals that we have studied. From the result a few questions arise. Could it be that preparers aren’t as utilising as the theory says? Another theory that could answer this question is the stewardship theory. Our conclusion after studying and analysing our theory and research results is that there in fact is a difference between the respondent groups preparers and non-preparers attitude towards IASBs proposal, even if the difference is smaller than we first thought.