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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Riskscapes of flooding

Frick-Trzebitzky, Fanny 12 June 2018 (has links)
Diese Arbeit zeigt die Reproduktion ungleicher Risikolandschaften von Überschwemmungen auf. Die fortschreitende Urbanisierung in den Küstenregionen der Welt ist mit zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Risiken verbunden, denen sozio-ökonomisch benachteiligte Gruppen in besonderem Grad ausgesetzt sind. Dennoch ist Wissen über soziale Dynamiken, die solch ungleichen Risikolandschaften zugrunde liegen, gegenwärtig begrenzt. Das Densu Delta, ein dynamisch urbanisierendes Feuchtgebiet westlich von Accra, dient hier als Fallstudie, die anhand von qualitativen Daten mit Methoden der Humangeographie untersucht wird. Die übergeordnete Forschungsfrage lautet: Was sind die Beziehungen und Dynamiken, die die Verteilung von Überschwemmungsrisiken gestalten, und wie verfestigen sich diese in den gegenwärtig stark ungleichen Mustern von Überschwemmungsrisiken rund um das Densu Delta? Das Konzept ‚Risikolandschaften‘ (‚riskscape‘) wird hier mit Sichtweisen des kritischen Institutionalismus und der Argumentation verbunden, um Prozesse zu analysieren, die eine ungleiche Verteilung von Vulnerabilität und Anpassungskapazität bedingen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erstens, dass institutionelle und bio-physische Dynamiken eine vielfältige Landschaft von Vulnerabilität erzeugen. Zweitens wird Anpassungskapazität von dynamischen Autoritätsverhältnissen geprägt. Drittens erweitern Unterschiede in Policy-Argumenten auf verschiedenen Ebenen und in unterschiedlichen Sektoren die Implementierungslücke in der Anpassung an Überschwemmungen. Die Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur bestehenden Forschung, indem die Rollen von Schlüsselakteuren und von unsichtbaren Praktiken und Institutionen in der (Re-) Produktion von ungleichen Risikolandschaften betont werden. Diese werden hier am Beispiel von Überschwemmungen im Densu Delta in Accra aufgezeigt. Skalenübergreifende Interaktionen in Risikolandschaften und deren praktische Implikationen für die Minimierung von Überschwemmungsrisiken bedürfen der weiteren Forschung. / The thesis shows how uneven landscapes of urban flood risk are (re)produced. Coastal urbanisation comes with multiple risks, to which the poor are particularly exposed. Social dynamics underlying uneven riskscapes are however poorly understood. The Densu delta in Accra, a dynamically urbanising wetland, is analysed as a case based on qualitative data with methods from human geography. The overall research question is: What are the relations and dynamics that shape the distribution of flood risks, and how are they materialised in the currently highly uneven patterns of flood risk around the Densu delta? The concept of ‘riskscape’ is applied through lenses of critical institutionalism and argumentation to analyse the processes behind uneven distribution of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Findings are that firstly, institutional and bio-physical dynamics produce a diverse landscape of vulnerability. Secondly, dynamics of authority shape adaptive capacity. Thirdly, disparities in policy arguments widen implementation gaps in adaptation to flooding. The research contributes to the existing literature in highlighting the role of actors and underlying practices and institutions in shaping multiple uneven riskscapes. In the present research the reproduction of uneven riskscapes of flooding is shown for the Densu delta case. Further research ought to look at cross-scale interactions between riskscapes and their practical implications for flood risk reduction.
12

L'utilisation de l'information géospatiale comme outil d'aide à la réduction des risques de catastrophe ; Etudes de cas du gouvernorat de Baalbek-Hermel/Liban / The use of Geospatial Information as support for Disaster Risk Reduction ; Case studies from Baalbek-Hermel Governorate/Lebanon

Der Sarkissian, Rita 14 June 2019 (has links)
Étant donné que les catastrophes sont un phénomène spatial, l’application de systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) est un outil pratique et fiable pour le processus de réduction des risques de catastrophe (RRC). Les SIG peuvent servir le processus de RRC en tant que base de données pour la collecte et l’intégration de données, ainsi que pour l’incorporation de données multi‐sources, en tant que systèmes d’observation, en tant qu’outil pour la production de cartes de risques, en tant que calculateur d’exposition, constructeur de modèles déterminant les vulnérabilités des éléments, en temps quasi réel, traqueur de crise, etc… Mais ces applications SIG ont été intégrées de manière inégale à travers les différentes phases du cycle de RRC. De plus, l'utilisation efficace de ces technologies nécessite des recherches et des développements plus poussés, en particulier dans les pays en développement où de nombreux obstacles entravent l'utilisation des SIG pour la protection civile. Cette tâche devient encore plus compliquée au niveau local en région rurale comme dans notre zone d’étude Baalbek‐Hermel, Gouvernorat du Liban. Le manque de ressources humaines et financières et des données spatiales critiques lacunaires limitent l’utilisation des SIG pour améliorer la décision en matière de RRC ? Dans quelle mesure le SIG pourrait‐il être efficace dans les actions de RRC dans un pays en développement comme le Liban, où le nombre d’enjeux exposés augmentent sans cesse et où le gouvernement a d'autres priorités urgentes que de s'engager dans un plan de RRC? Plusieurs études de cas menées à Baalbek‐Hermel servent à tester les hypothèses retenues et à discuter de l’adoption et de l’adaptation de techniques SIG afin de les rendre efficaces et capables de servir tout le cycle de RRC ; évaluation des dangers, de la vulnérabilité et des dommages, planification d’urgence et d’évacuation, systèmes d’alerte précoce, zonage des terres, données en temps quasi réel pour l’intervention, rétablissement et renforcement de la résilience. Les défis posés par le déploiement de ces technologies SIG dans chacune des phases susmentionnées du cycle de la RRC et la manière dont ils peuvent être surmontés sont discutés, en considérant les approches autochtones pour l’application de technologies et d’innovations en matière de RRC. Les résultats de cette thèse offrent le potentiel de surmonter certains des obstacles qui entravent l'utilisation des SIG pour une RRC efficace dans les pays en développement. Ainsi, les praticiens de RRC au Liban et dans d'autres pays en développement pourraient exploiter ce potentiel pour tenter de réduire la vulnérabilité aux dangers et améliorer la capacité de prévention des catastrophes. / Given that natural disasters are spatial phenomenon, the application of geographical information systems (GIS) has proven to be a convenient and reliable tool for the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) process. GIS can serve DRR as a database for data gathering, integration and incorporation,an output viewer, a tool for hazard maps production, a calculator for exposure, a model builderfor determining assets’ vulnerabilities, a near real time crisis tracker, etc… Nevertheless, GIS applications have been integrated unevenly across the different phases of the DRR cycle.Moreover, the effective use of these technologies requires further research and development,especially in developing countries where numerous barriers hamper the use of GIS for civil protection. The task is further complicated at the local level in rural areas such as our study area Baalbek‐Hermel, Governorate of Lebanon. Restrictions include limited human and financial resources and a lack of critical spatial data required to support GIS application to DRR. To what extent could GIS be efficient in DRR actions in a developing country like Lebanon where themajority of assets at risk is ever‐growing and the government has other urgent priorities than tocommit to DRR plans? Several case‐studies in Baalbek‐Hermel were taken to test these assumptions and discuss the adaptation of GIS techniques to make them effective and to be able to serve the whole DRR cycle; hazard, vulnerability, risk and damage assessment, emergency and evacuation planning, land‐use zoning, recovery and resilience building. Challenges in the deployment of GIS technologies in each afore mentioned phase of the DRR cycle and how they may be overcome were discussed, considering indigenous approaches for the application of technologies and innovations in DRR. The results of this dissertation suggested ways to control some of the barriers hampering the effective use of GIS for DRR in developing countries. Thus,DRR practitioners in Lebanon and other developing countries could harness this potential in anattempt to reduce hazard vulnerability and improve disaster reduction capacity.
13

Vulnerability & Resilience in an Ageing Population : A Case Study on Individual Self-Reliance & Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Policies in Japan

Bergenek, Victor January 2023 (has links)
Natural disasters and hazards pose significant risks and challenges for people and communities all around the world, among the groups most vulnerable to these events are elderly populations who face physical, social, and psychological hardships in the face of disasters. The vulnerability and lacking resilience of elderly are a growing global concern as their proportion of the world's population is steadily increasing with an estimated 1 in 6 people being aged 65 and over by 2050, doubling the current number. The physical frailty, cognitive decline, sensory impairment, and economic disadvantage that often come paired with aging can make older adults more susceptible to harm in the face of natural disasters and social isolation, limited access to resources, and dependency on caregivers or family members further increase the risk of adverse outcomes for the elderly during and after a disaster. It is essential for the future to address the unique challenges faced by older populations in disaster situations and identify effective strategies to enhance their resilience and reduce their vulnerability. In Japan, with a rapidly aging society and increasing numbers of elderly individuals, the issue of disaster preparedness and response becomes even more pronounced. The current policies of individual self-reliance and community-based disaster management are heavily promoted as the way forward, but are these policies suitable and sufficient for elderly and vulnerable populations? This thesis seeks to explore whether these policies are suitable for the needs and realities of the increasing number of elderly and vulnerable individuals who are unable to take care of themselves in times of crisis.  Through an analysis of vulnerability and resilience, this thesis seeks to identify the key factors that contribute to the experiences of elderly people in disaster situations. By presenting a case study of Japan, the thesis aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current policies and strategies in promoting resilience and reducing vulnerability among elderly populations in Japan. This thesis aims to provides a critical insight into the policies and strategies for promoting resilience and reducing vulnerability among elderly populations during disasters and to highlight the need to critically reflect on the suitability of current policies in relation to the the growing number of vulnerable elderly.

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