Orientador: Ivete Dalben / Banca: Henrique Luiz Monteiro / Banca: Maria Helena Borgato Cappo Bianco / Resumo: Estimar a prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas, inclusive álcool e tabaco entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de uma cidade do interior paulista, assim como, identificar e analisar fatores preditores e protetores do uso de drogas. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal, com a aplicação de questionário estruturado, previamente testado, individual, anônimo, de auto-preenchimento e participação facultativa para alunos de escolas públicas e privadas, do ensino fundamental e médio do município. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 1933 indivíduos, sendo 50,2% do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 15,1 l 1,5 anos. O álcool foi a droga mais consumida na vida e nos últimos trinta dias (respectivamente, 69,9% e 41,1%), seguido do tabaco (23,5% e 10,2%), maconha (7,3% e 3,8%) e solventes (7,2% e 2,9%). São apresentados valores de odds ratio para os principais fatores de risco e proteção ao uso de drogas identificados no trabalho, assim como os já ressaltados pela literatura (sexo, idade, classe econômica, religião, escolaridade - fundamental e médio, mesada, trabalho remunerado e tempo livre). Discussão: Discute-se a adequação de programas de prevenção desenvolvidos na escola, no período em que os escolares se encontram ainda em momento de experimentação e fases iniciais do uso de drogas, abordando aspectos relacionados à promoção da saúde, melhoria das condições de vida, atitudes pessoais e organização social, assim como, características e necessidades regionais. / Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and tobacco, among elementary and middle-school students in public and private schools from one city in the interior of Sao Paulo state, as well as to identify and analyze factors that predict and protect from the use/abuse of drugs. Methodology: A transversal study was accomplished with application of a structured questionnaire - previously tested, individual, anonymous, self-completed, and of facultative participation - for students of public and private schools of elementary and high school education. Results: A total of 1933 individuals participated in the study, 50.2% male. The mean age was 15.1 l 1.5 years. Alcohol was the drug most consumed throughout life and in the prior thirty days (respectively, 69.9% and 41.1%), followed by tobacco (23.5% and 10.2%), marijuana (7.3% and 3.8%) and solvents (7.2% and 2.9%). Odds ratio values are presented as the principal protective and risk factors for drug use identified in the work, as well as those already highlighted in the literature (sex, age, economic class, religion, education level - elementary and high school, monthly allowance, remunerated work and free time). Discussion: The adequacy of prevention programs developed in the school is discussed, for the period in which students are found still at the moment of experimentation and initial phases of drug use, dealing with aspects related to health promotion, improvement of life conditions, personal attitudes and social organization, as well as regional characteristics and necessities. / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Aims: To estimate the number of street children and adolescents in Maceió and Arapiraca, northeast Brazil, describe the characteristics of this population. Methods: The number of children and adolescents in street situation in Maceió and Arapiraca was estimated using the Capture-Recapture method and calculated with log-linear method. Three independent lists of children and adolescents in street situation of each municipality were constructed. In each municipality in was obtained on official list and two other lists from surveys. Each survey took the entire day, the first in a week day (Wednesday) and the other in the following Saturday. The characteristics of the children were recorded during the street surveys. Results: The estimated number of children and adolescents in street situation was 4965 in Maceió and 466 in Arapiraca. The population estimated before was 565 in Maceió and 158 in Arapiraca. In Maceió most street children and adolescents were male (71,4%) and (71,80%), who maintain contact with their families (85,3%) and (89,60%) and frequent the school (43,4% and (49,70%), drug use was referred for 47,00% of the children and adolescents in Maceió and (26,6%) in Arapiraca glue associated on not with other drug was the most cited one. Conclusion: children and adolescents in street situation is a common event in Maceió and Arapiraca and individuals envolved have similiar characteristics to street children from other countries and other cities in Brazil. The estimated number of street children and adolescents, calculated by Capture-Recapture method is coherent to the cities socioeconomic and demographic status. The method of Capture-Recapture seems to be suited to study mobile populations such as street children and adolescent good reproducibility. / Objetivo - Estimar o número de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua em Maceió e Arapiraca, nordeste do Brasil, usando o método Captura-Recaptura, descrever suas características. Metodologia - O número de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua em Maceió e Arapiraca dois municípios do estado de Alagoas, foi estimado usando o método Captura-Recaptura, calculado pelo método log linear. Três listas independentes de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua de cada município foram construídas, através de uma lista de registro de uma organização governamental e de duas pesquisas realizadas em cada município estudado, em um dia de semana (quarta-feira) e no sábado. As características destas crianças foram registradas durante as pesquisas de rua. Resultados - A estimativa do número de crianças de rua foi de Maceió foi de 4965 e de Arapiraca foi de 466. A estimativa oficial desta população antes da pesquisa era de 565 em Maceió e de 158 em Arapiraca. Em Maceió e Arapiraca a maioria das crianças e adolescentes são do sexo masculino (71,4%) e (71,80%), preserva contato com seus familiares (85,4%) e (89,60%) e ainda freqüenta a escola (43,6%) e (49,70%). O uso de drogas em Maceió foi referido por 47,0% das crianças e adolescentes de Maceió e 26,6% de Arapiraca, sendo a cola a droga mais usada, associada ou não a outras drogas. Conclusão - Crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua em Maceió e Arapiraca é um evento muito constante e as crianças envolvidas têm características similares às de crianças de rua de outros países e cidades do Brasil. A estimativa do número de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua pelo método Captura-Recaptura, reflete o esperado quando comparado através de indicadores socioeconômicos, com cidades de porte semelhante (Aracaju). O Método Captura-Recaptura é adaptável e adequado para estudar populações móveis como crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, possuindo boa reprodutibilidade.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-13T14:47:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 erikapizziolomonteiro.pdf: 508310 bytes, checksum: ebf90971e02a4b523eedf4749639ad5d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:25:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 erikapizziolomonteiro.pdf: 508310 bytes, checksum: ebf90971e02a4b523eedf4749639ad5d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 erikapizziolomonteiro.pdf: 508310 bytes, checksum: ebf90971e02a4b523eedf4749639ad5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho está ligado ao Curso de Prevenção do Uso de Drogas para Educadores de Escolas Públicas, buscando oferecer retorno ao órgão responsável pelo curso e divulgar em meios acadêmicos as ações realizadas durante o processo de investigação. A dissertação foi dividida em duas frentes, caracterizadas por dois artigos empíricos cujos objetivos foram: (1) caracterizar os participantes do curso, avaliando o nível de satisfação dos cursistas quanto às ferramentas utilizadas e (2) avaliar o processo de desenvolvimento e implementação dos projetos de prevenção do uso de drogas, identificando fatores favoráveis e desfavoráveis à implementação destes nos contextos escolares representados pelos participantes do curso. Inicialmente foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas como sexo, idade, escolaridade, ocupação e contato prévio com a temática álcool e outras drogas (n=3247) e, posteriormente, as informações de avaliação de aspectos do curso (n=1950) e, finalmente, sobre o acesso às ferramentas virtuais de aprendizagem. Para os propósitos de investigação foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas como frequências, médias e desvios-padrão e métodos gráficos, sendo conduzidas na linguagem R (R Core Team, 2015). A maioria dos respondentes eram mulheres (85,8%) e a média de idade foi de 40,7 anos (DP: ± 8,95). 70,9% dos respondentes apontaram ser professores da rede pública e 64,8% relataram possuir como último nível de escolaridade cursos de pós-graduação. 35,2% dos cursistas possuíam contato com a temática álcool e drogas no contexto escolar, indicando a relevância do tema e a necessidade de projetos específicos serem trabalhados na própria escola. De uma forma geral, os cursistas se posicionaram de forma bastante positiva em relação ao curso, indicando que o método de ensino e estratégias utilizados se mostraram adequados ao público capacitado pelo Curso de Prevenção do Uso de Drogas para Educadores de Escolas Públicas. Entretanto, o número de perda de alunos durante o período do curso foi substancial, sendo necessário investigar as possíveis razões para o processo de evasão. No que se refere ao segundo produto da dissertação, objetivou-se identificar os aspectos facilitadores e dificultadores ao processo de implementação dos projetos de prevenção e, para isso, uma metodologia híbrida (quantitativa e qualitativa) foi utilizada de forma a categorizar as diversas respostas fornecidas pelos cursistas às questões de pesquisa. A partir das análises de dados, algumas questões se destacaram e foram transcritas em categorias formadoras de dois eixos. O primeiro eixo diz respeito às potencialidades do processo de construção de práticas preventivas, envolvendo as seguintes categorias: capacitação e sensibilização da equipe escolar, relação alunos e comunidade escolar, além da participação da comunidade geral no processo. O segundo eixo diz respeito às barreiras existentes ao processo, classificadas como: aspectos familiares considerados como disfuncionais, violência e tráfico de drogas, características das crianças/adolescentes aos quais os projetos se destinam e, por último, ambiente escolar. Aponta-se a relevância de metodologias de identificação dos possíveis problemas e potencialidades de trabalhos de prevenção em ambientes escolares, a fim de maximizar as vantagens existentes e buscar soluções viáveis às barreiras encontradas. Dessa forma, programas preventivos contextualizados podem ser desenvolvidos. Ressalta-se, portanto, a necessidade de iniciativas de ensino à distância serem avaliadas a fim de investigar os resultados do processo de capacitação de forma sistemática. / This work is linked to the Drug Abuse Prevention Course for Public Schools Educators, seeking to provide return to the institution responsible for the course and publish in academic circles the actions taken during the investigation process. The dissertation was divided into two fronts, characterized by two empirical articles whose objectives were: (1) characterize the course participants, evaluating the level of satisfaction of the course participants about the tools used and (2) evaluate the development and implementation of prevention projects of drug use, identifying favorable and unfavorable factors to the implementation of these in school contexts represented by the participants of the course. Initially, sociodemographic information such as gender, age, education, occupation and previous contact with the topic alcohol and other drugs (n = 3247) were collected and subsequently the information about the aspects of evaluation (n = 1950) and finally, the access to virtual learning tools was investigated. For research purposes, descriptive statistics were used as frequencies, means and standard deviations and graphical methods, being conducted in the R language (R Core Team, 2015). Most respondents were female (85.8%) and the average age was 40.7 years (SD ± 8.95). 70.9% of the respondents pointed to be public school teachers and 64.8% reported having as a last level of education, graduate courses. 35.2% of the course participants had contact with the theme alcohol and drugs in the school context, indicating the relevance of the issue and the need for specific projects being worked on these theme. In general, the course participants have positioned themselves very positively about the course, indicating that the method of teaching and strategies used were suitable to the public empowered by the Drug Abuse Prevention Course for Public School Educators. However, the number of lost students during the course was substantial, being necessary investigate the possible reasons for the dropout process. The second product of the dissertation aimed to identify advantages and constraints to the implementation process of prevention projects and, therefore, a hybrid methodology (quantitative and qualitative) was used in order to categorize the various answers provided by course participants to the research questions. From the data analysis, some issues stood out and were transcribed in forming categories of two axes. The first axis relates to the potential of the construction process of preventive practices involving the following categories: training and sensitization of school staff, students and school community relationship, besides the participation of the general community in the process. The second area concerns the existing barriers to the process, classified as: family aspects considered as dysfunctional, violence and drug trafficking, child / adolescent characteristics and, finally, the school environment. It points up the importance of methodologies created to identify potential problems and positive aspects of preventive work in school settings in order to maximize the existing advantages and seek viable solutions to barriers encountered.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T17:58:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ericacruvinel.pdf: 511751 bytes, checksum: 6aaac20e1520c1f32e2f3d05bd2bde8a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:20:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ericacruvinel.pdf: 511751 bytes, checksum: 6aaac20e1520c1f32e2f3d05bd2bde8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:20:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ericacruvinel.pdf: 511751 bytes, checksum: 6aaac20e1520c1f32e2f3d05bd2bde8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Estudos mostram que os profissionais que atuam em organizações com um Clima Organizacional (CO) mais positivo apresentam melhores desempenhos no trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre as práticas de prevenção em relação ao uso de risco de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas e a percepção do Clima Organizacional entre 149 profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). O CO foi avaliado através de escala envolvendo os seguintes fatores: 1)Liderança; 2) Desenvolvimento Profissional; 3) Espírito de Equipe; 4) Relação com a Comunidade; 5) Segurança no Trabalho; 6) Estratégia; 7) Remuneração. As atividades de prevenção foram mensuradas a partir da contagem do número de ASSIST (Instrumento de Triagem) e IB (Intervenção Breve) realizada no período de três meses após a capacitação presencial. Utilizamos também escalas de auto-eficácia e confiança para realizar Triagem e IB e questionário estruturado envolvendo questões sobre a prática dos profissionais em atividades de prevenção ao consumo de drogas. Para verificar a aproximação das variáveis, utilizamos análise de correspondência múltipla e análises de correlação, com 95% de Intervalo de Confiança. As equipes que apresentaram melhores pontuações na escala de Clima Organizacional tiveram também os melhores desempenhos nas atividades de prevenção ao consumo de drogas. Os fatores do CO que melhor se associaram com a prática dos profissionais foram o “Desenvolvimento Profissional” e “Relação com a “Comunidade”. As dimensões “Liderança” e “Remuneração” também mostraram associações significativas. Os resultados sugerem que ambientes com melhores percepções do CO podem ser facilitadores para prevenção do uso de drogas na APS. / Studies show that professionals working in organizations with a more positive organizational climate (OC) have better performance at work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preventive practices in relation to risk use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs and the perception of organizational climate among 149 professionals in Primary Health Care (PHC). The OC was measured by a scale involving the following factors: 1) Leadership, 2) Professional Development; 3) Team Spirit, 4) Relationship with the Community, 5) Safety at Work, 6) strategy; 7) reward. Prevention activities were measured by counting the number of ASSIST (Screening Instrument) and BI (Brief Intervention) held within three months after theoretical training. We also used scales of self-efficacy and confidence to perform screening and BI and a structured questionnaire involving questions about the practice of professionals in prevention activities to drug use. To verify the proximity of the variables we used multiple correspondence analysis and correlation analysis, with 95% confidence interval. The teams that had better scores on the scale of organizational climate have also had the best performances in the practice in prevention activities to drug use. The factors of OC that is best associated with the practice of professionals were the "Professional Development" and "Relationship with the" Community ". The dimensions of "leadership" and "rewards" also showed significant associations. Findings suggest that environment with better perceptions of OC can be facilitator for the prevention of drug use in PHC.

Title: The evaluation of primary prevention program Boys and Girls Plus Author: Bc. Anna Frombergerová Department: Psychology Supervisor: PhDr. Veronika Pavlas Martanová, Ph.D. Abstract: The thesis evaluates the Boys and Girls Plus primary drug prevention programme that was carried out at elementary and secondary schools throughout the Czech Republic. The programme ran concurrently in eight European countries. The thesis processes, evaluates, and interprets the data collected by the project organizers for the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the Boys and Girls Plus project, its progress, and implementation. It also addresses the various approaches to the evaluation of primary prevention programmes and examines their effectiveness in practice. The empirical part of the thesis evaluates the data collected from the project participants (over 600 pupils/students and 27 teachers). Students filled in attitude questionnaires both before and after the intervention and they also commented directly on the Boys and Girls Plus programme itself. Their answers were subject to quantitative processing. Teachers provided their feedback after the programme implementation; their responses were processed using a combination of qualitative and qualitative methods. The evaluation focuses in particular...

INTRODUCTION: Despite the unique status of methamphetamine on the Czech drug scene, where the number of problem MA users accounts for 3/4 of all problematic drug users, there is a minimal amount of literature in the literature on how to work with this target group in the addictological care system. OBJECTIVE: The practical part was to monitor the work and access to methamphetamine users in the selected k-centers. Attention was paid to presenting KC clients, perception of key motives in each phases of drug use trajectories, the process of working with clients from first contact to eventual mediation of treatment and description of the specifics of access to MA users. METHOD: The chosen sample was selected on the basis of deliberate targeted selection through the institution. The data were collected by semi-structured interview, which was fixed with audio recording and subsequently transcribed. The patterns capture method as used to analyze the data. FILE: The research sample consisted of eight communication partners (four men). They were employees of selected k-centers, always one worker per facility, from different regions of the Czech Republic, with various length of experience in field (2,5 to 16 years). RESULTS: KC clients are mostly MA users, often polyvalent users, combining MA with other...

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / HIV poses considerable social and health challenges in South Africa, particularly among young people aged 15-24. Research indicates a strong link between risky sexual behaviour and alcohol and illicit drugs. In the Western Cape drug-related behaviours is a growing concern among young people because of relatively high prevalence rates of drug abuse, particularly methamphetamine. Previous South African studies have tended to focused on the link between substance use and risky sexual behaviour among commercial sex workers. The theoretical approach of this study is the information motivation behavioural skills model. Participants were selected using non-probability sampling of 279 first year students registered for Psychology I at the University of the Western Cape. This study employed a quantitative research approach using a survey design. Results: Forty-six percent of students do not believe that the use of illicit drugs has an impact on a person's sexual behavior. However, the findings also showed that only 45% of students believed that there was a difference between illicit drug users correctly using condoms when compared to non-users. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: Prevention is our best and most effective means of decreasing risk-taking behaviours associated with HIV infection. Information is the first line of intervention that is necessary to reduce risk-taking behaviours; however prevention strategies and interventions of risk-taking behaviours should aim to increase motivation and help young people integrate information in a way that it is personally relatable. This is vital to address the inconsistencies between perceptions of risk and the realities of risk-taking behaviour. / South Africa

Background: Problem of a healthy nutrition, mainly vegan nutrition, is the main goal of a lot of studies abroad. It is well known that vegans prefer lifestyle without meat products. This study is draught by using results from a lot of studies, which were published in different journals. Vegans in England and Germany had lower consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis drugs. But how is it in Czech Republic ? Goals: The main goal is to determine what is the menaninf of the term addictive susbtance between vegans and describe prevalence of addictive substances abuse. The second goal is to map attitudes of vegans towards addictive substances use. Sample: Sample was made by 11 vegans, 6 women, 5 men. Respondents were selected by using two methods - snowball sampling and intended selection. Collected data was analysed by the clustering method and pattern recording method. Questionnaire was filled by 153 respondents. Methods: It is based like a qualitative study, where semistructured interview was used for data collection. Collected data were analysed by clustering method. Quantitative part of this study is based like questionnaire, which was analysed by MS Excel tool. Results: The research found out some interesting statistics about vegans. Vegans have separate meaning about addictive substance and...

Substance abuse remains one of the critical challenges facing South Africa. Research studies conducted locally and internationally, reflect a sharp increase in the number of young people that are falling prey to substance abuse (with the age of onset decreasing rapidly). These rising statistics, as well as the guidelines for evidence based practice suggest that drug prevention interventions need to be tailored to the needs of specific recipients of the service. The aim of the present study was therefore to understand the needs of a specific group of adolescents from a designated community in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth. This community has been riddled by gang violence, high levels of unemployment, teenage pregnancies, school dropout and in particular, large numbers of adolescent drug users. The goal of the study was therefore to enhance an understanding of the risk and protective factors associated with substance abuse amongst adolescents from this specific neighbourhood in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth. The study was imbedded in a socio-cultural and systemic theoretical framework. A qualitative research approach was adopted, employing an exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design to address the primary research question. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit eight non users and a snowball sampling technique was used (with the assistance of two gatekeepers) to identify eight substance users from the identified neighbourhood in the Northern Areas. An in-depth, semi-structured individual interview was used as the method of data collection with each of the 16 research participants. The data was analysed according to the steps for qualitative data analysis, as proposed by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994:155). The trustworthiness was enhanced by employing the four criteria proposed by Guba (in Krefting, 1991:214-222). The findings of the study indicate that the dominant risk factors for substance use are located at a family and community level. These included the absence of family structure, poor parental discipline and supervision, the presence of parental substance abuse, neglect of children and family disharmony. At a community level the risk factors included: the prevalence of drug outlets, normalization of substance use in the community, prevalence of gangsterism as a way life and source of income and apathy of community members in protecting their community. Protective factors were mutually exclusive and additional protective factors were discussed at length in the report. The findings which point to the adoption of an integrated community based approach to effect meaningful drug prevention strategies for substance abuse amongst adolescents in the studied community, are disseminated here in the form of a written report and will be prepared for submission to a journal for publication.

Medication non-compliance has become one of the most prevalent reasons for hospitalization and doctor's visits by the elderly. As the elderly population is more likely to have decreased cognitive abilities, it is suggested that neuropsychological factors, especially executive function, are more influential in medication non-compliance than once thought. This study looked at executive function performance on a traditional battery of neuropsychological tests, self-report of perceived ability to perform executive function tasks, and the newly developed Pillbox Test, a performance based IADL measure. The Pillbox Test is designed to replicate a type of medication-management specific IADL as a means to asses executive function. Standard executive function measures only tap a portion of executive function, but it is believed that the Pillbox Test incorporates all four theoretical domains of executive function. The multiple measures of executive function performance were compared in three prevalent subgroups of the elderly population (mixed neurological group, cardiac medical-control group, and healthy community-control group). Results found significant differences, where the community-control and cardiac groups outperformed the mixed neurological group on the large majority of executive function tasks. Smaller differences were also noted between the community-control and cardiac groups and between the cardiac and mixed neurological groups. Together, these findings provide support for the diagnostic prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in the older adult cardiac population. Results also indicated the level of executive dysfunction on standardized neuropsychological measures was highly correlated with performance on both the Pillbox Test and the IADL based Direct Assessment of Functional Status measure. Finally, the Pillbox Test has moderate to strong ecological validity with 75% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for five or more errors on this test.