<p>The purpose with this studie was to examine how individuals with experience of a long-term drugabuse describe their transformationprocess, and if this process has contributed to a change in their selfdescription. The studie was delimit to examine the transformationprocess, not in relation to what sort of abuse the informants had, or in relation to gender. The studie anwered questions concerning motivation to stop abusing, how the informants started the drugcareer, and how life as an abuser is described. In the studie qualitative method was used, five semi-structured interviewes were made with individuals who had a long-term addiction in the past. Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical frame of referense that was used for analyse. Results showed that the description of the turningpoint either was as one specific event, or like a process connected to kumulative treatement experiences, and to other experienses described as positive. Results has also shown that the transformationprocess requiers time, and that it takes place both as a socialisation process and as an inner personal develpment. Important factors that affected the development was the relation to other human beeings, to have an onest relation to oneself, to participate in fellowships, personal sucess, to achieve a positive change in the view of themselves.</p>

No description available.

<p>Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka missbrukande kvinnors tankar kring och upplevelser av samhällets och nätverkets bemötande samt attityder till kvinnligt missbruk. För att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar genomfördes fem intervjuer med kvinnor som missbrukat främst alkohol. I analysen granskades resultatet utifrån genusperspektiv, stämplingsteori samt teorier om bemötande. Då det inte fanns någon tidigare forskning som direkt berörde studiens syfte användes närliggande forskning. Den tidigare forskningen visade att män och kvinnor i vårt samhälle bemöts på olika sätt. Denna studie fokuserade på de missbrukande kvinnornas upplevelser av bemötande och var ingen jämförande studie mellan kvinnor och män. Genusforskningen har lett till att kvinnors missbruk lyfts fram, vilket i sin tur har bidragit till nya behandlingsalternativ. Trots detta ses det kvinnliga missbruket fortfarande som normbrytande i vårt samhälle. Dessa icke tillåtande attityder till kvinnligt missbruk kan vara en orsak till att denna studies respondenter utvecklade olika strategier för att dölja sina missbruk. Studiens resultat visade att kvinnorna oftast upplevde sig ha blivit positivt bemötta men genomgående i resultatet framkom även exempel på negativt bemötande från så väl nätverk som professionella. Studien visade att professionellas och nätverkets bemötande är betydelsefullt för ett framgångsrikt förändringsarbete vilket pekar på att mer forskning kring ämnet behövs.</p> / <p>The object of this qualitative study was to examine how female addicts feel about their experiences of treatment from society, family and friends. To answer the questions at issue, five women were interviewed. In the analysis the result was reviewed on the basis of gender perspective, sociology of deviance and theories about treatment. Since there was no previous research to be found about this subject, contiguous research had to be used. The previous research showed that women and men in our society are treated differently. The focus of this study was the women’s experiences of treatment and does not compare the differences between women and men. The research of gender has brought attention to substance abusing women and has also led to new forms of treatment. Despite this, female addiction is still being viewed as violation of the standards in our society. These impermissible attitudes about female addiction could be a reason why the respondents of this study developed different strategies in effort to hide their addictions. The result of this study showed that these women have been treated in a positive way most of the time, but consistently the result also showed that these women have been treated in a negative way by family, friends and professionals. This study showed that the treatment from professionals, family and friends is of great importance for the women in their struggle to stay free from substance abuse. This study showed that more research about this subject is needed.</p>

<p>Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar omvårdnaden av patienter med ett intravenöst drogmissbruk (IDU). Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor har ofta bristande kunskap om droger och om hur man ska hantera den kliniska omvårdnaden av patienter som missbrukar droger. Bristande kunskap om drogmissbruk bland vårdpersonalen skapar rädsla vilket i sin tur kan leda till att IDU får ett sämre mottagande. Det förekommer även fördomar om denna patientgruppen bland personalen. Metod: studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie baserad på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar inom tidsintervallet 2003-2009, sökta i databaserna PubMed, PsyhInfo, ELIN@lund samt Cinahl. En deduktiv analysmetod användes utifrån Suzie Kim’s domäner Patient, Patient-Sjuksköterska och Yrkesutövning. Resultat: Personer med ett intravenöst drogmissbruk hade ofta en utsatt hälsa och ett riskfyllt beteende. Patienten upplevde ibland sjukvården som svårtillgänglig och dåligt anpassad efter deras behov. Patient - Sjuksköterska relationen tycktes fungera bäst då omvårdnaden genomfördes på specialanpassade institutioner. Sjuksköterskans yrkesutövning fyllde en viktig preventivroll vad gällde att bevara och främja IDUs hälsa. Slutsats: utbildning och information om drogmissbruk kan bidra till bättre attityder och mindre fördomar i omvårdnaden av patienter med IDU. En empirisk studie kring IDUs upplevelse av den svenska omvårdnaden och dess miljö hade kunnat bidra till en större förståelse för patientgruppen. <strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong> </strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p> / <p> </p><p>Aim:Was to highlight factors influencing the care of patients with an intravenous drug abuse, from the perspective of Suzie Kims nursing theories. Background: Nurses often have lack of knowledge about drug abuse and how to handle the care of these patients. This can lead to fear among the staff when in care of them, which can create an encounter with less good quality. A prejudge mental attitude among the staff is sometime evident. Method: A literature overview, based on eight scientific rapports/articles made during 2003-2009. These were found by searching databases such as PubMed, PsyhInfo, ELIN@lund and Cinahl. A deductive analysis method was used using Kim (2000) nursing theories; the domain of the client, client – nurse domain and the practice domain of nursing. Result: Injection drug users (IDU) often have an exposed health issue, dominated by a risky behavior. These patients are often facing difficulties in reaching healthcare, and that the care is badly suites for their specific needs. The client – nurse relation is found to be the most effective when provided in specialized facilities. The practice of nursing fulfills an important prevention role in the care and substation of IDU´s health. Conclusion: Education and information about drug abuse seems to provide better and less prejudice attitudes among the staff. A Swedish empiric study about IDU´s experience of health care and its environment would provide an improved understanding for this patient group.</p><p> </p>

Research about social support and social networks has mostly concerned the impact on a person’s wellbeing and health. However an aspect largely neglected is how social support within the social networks can affect the process of giving up a drug abuse. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of what role the social support within different relationships can have on the process of giving up drug abuse. Furthermore the aim is to examine how a self-help group can provide social support in the transitional period after leaving a drug abuse. The study is based on qualitative interviews with staff and participant from a self-help group. System theory and social network theory has been used to interpret the empirical results. The main result shows that the social support from the social networks are viewed as important by all women. However the social support given to the women from close relationships is not necessarily constructive in the process of rehabilitating from a drug abuse. In addition the result has shown that distrust and inequality in power relationships can lead to lack of support within the professional network. In accordance to earlier tudies, a self-help group can be seen as complementary in the rehabilitation of a drug abuse.

Drug abusers in Taiwan are infected with HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) seriously day by day in recent years. In view of this, since Aug.1,2005, C.D.C.(Center for Disease Control, R.O.C.(Taiwan)) has promoted Harm Reduction Program for drug abuse patients in control of spurting question of drug abuse/AIDS overflowing. We adopt the analysis frame of social marketing in this research to inspect the promotion of Harm Reduction Program at present government. Through questionnaire survey, we in death understand their contact situation and views of Harm Reduction Program from the mass population and the stakeholders(drug abusers). We visit 311 effective samples of opium-smoking prisoners(as drug group) to find out 84.9%(258) respondents has participated the declaration of health education of Harm Reduction Program during serving a sentence, 91.6%(282) has received information through newspaper, TV, broadcast, and brochure during serving a sentence, 89%(277) has got impression on C.D.C. slogans of ¡§Injecting drug, infecting AIDS¡¨, and the measure of offering needle and syringes exchange, methadone maintenance treatment, health education, and transferring/consulting service has accorded with the demand of drug abusers. In addition, we visit 289 effective samples of the public (as general group) to find out only 12.5% (36 ) respondents has participated the declaration of health education of Harm Reduction Program during in the past year, 53.5%(153) has received information through newspaper, TV, broadcast, and brochure during in the past year, and 55%(159) has got impression on C.D.C. slogans of ¡§Injecting drug, infecting AIDS¡¨. Both the public and opium-smoking prisoners have affirmed the promotion of Harm Reduction Program, and most has identified with the importance of the execution of Harm Reduction Program. We also find out 34%(99) respondents of the public has regarded famous actor as anti-drug spokesman can bring his attention and identification mostly, and moreover, 41%(128) respondents of opium-smoking prisoners has believed the declaration of acting as an example to others by the drug abstinence successfully is convincing most.

Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar omvårdnaden av patienter med ett intravenöst drogmissbruk (IDU). Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor har ofta bristande kunskap om droger och om hur man ska hantera den kliniska omvårdnaden av patienter som missbrukar droger. Bristande kunskap om drogmissbruk bland vårdpersonalen skapar rädsla vilket i sin tur kan leda till att IDU får ett sämre mottagande. Det förekommer även fördomar om denna patientgruppen bland personalen. Metod: studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie baserad på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar inom tidsintervallet 2003-2009, sökta i databaserna PubMed, PsyhInfo, ELIN@lund samt Cinahl. En deduktiv analysmetod användes utifrån Suzie Kim’s domäner Patient, Patient-Sjuksköterska och Yrkesutövning. Resultat: Personer med ett intravenöst drogmissbruk hade ofta en utsatt hälsa och ett riskfyllt beteende. Patienten upplevde ibland sjukvården som svårtillgänglig och dåligt anpassad efter deras behov. Patient - Sjuksköterska relationen tycktes fungera bäst då omvårdnaden genomfördes på specialanpassade institutioner. Sjuksköterskans yrkesutövning fyllde en viktig preventivroll vad gällde att bevara och främja IDUs hälsa. Slutsats: utbildning och information om drogmissbruk kan bidra till bättre attityder och mindre fördomar i omvårdnaden av patienter med IDU. En empirisk studie kring IDUs upplevelse av den svenska omvårdnaden och dess miljö hade kunnat bidra till en större förståelse för patientgruppen. / Aim:Was to highlight factors influencing the care of patients with an intravenous drug abuse, from the perspective of Suzie Kims nursing theories. Background: Nurses often have lack of knowledge about drug abuse and how to handle the care of these patients. This can lead to fear among the staff when in care of them, which can create an encounter with less good quality. A prejudge mental attitude among the staff is sometime evident. Method: A literature overview, based on eight scientific rapports/articles made during 2003-2009. These were found by searching databases such as PubMed, PsyhInfo, ELIN@lund and Cinahl. A deductive analysis method was used using Kim (2000) nursing theories; the domain of the client, client – nurse domain and the practice domain of nursing. Result: Injection drug users (IDU) often have an exposed health issue, dominated by a risky behavior. These patients are often facing difficulties in reaching healthcare, and that the care is badly suites for their specific needs. The client – nurse relation is found to be the most effective when provided in specialized facilities. The practice of nursing fulfills an important prevention role in the care and substation of IDU´s health. Conclusion: Education and information about drug abuse seems to provide better and less prejudice attitudes among the staff. A Swedish empiric study about IDU´s experience of health care and its environment would provide an improved understanding for this patient group.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka missbrukande kvinnors tankar kring och upplevelser av samhällets och nätverkets bemötande samt attityder till kvinnligt missbruk. För att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar genomfördes fem intervjuer med kvinnor som missbrukat främst alkohol. I analysen granskades resultatet utifrån genusperspektiv, stämplingsteori samt teorier om bemötande. Då det inte fanns någon tidigare forskning som direkt berörde studiens syfte användes närliggande forskning. Den tidigare forskningen visade att män och kvinnor i vårt samhälle bemöts på olika sätt. Denna studie fokuserade på de missbrukande kvinnornas upplevelser av bemötande och var ingen jämförande studie mellan kvinnor och män. Genusforskningen har lett till att kvinnors missbruk lyfts fram, vilket i sin tur har bidragit till nya behandlingsalternativ. Trots detta ses det kvinnliga missbruket fortfarande som normbrytande i vårt samhälle. Dessa icke tillåtande attityder till kvinnligt missbruk kan vara en orsak till att denna studies respondenter utvecklade olika strategier för att dölja sina missbruk. Studiens resultat visade att kvinnorna oftast upplevde sig ha blivit positivt bemötta men genomgående i resultatet framkom även exempel på negativt bemötande från så väl nätverk som professionella. Studien visade att professionellas och nätverkets bemötande är betydelsefullt för ett framgångsrikt förändringsarbete vilket pekar på att mer forskning kring ämnet behövs. / The object of this qualitative study was to examine how female addicts feel about their experiences of treatment from society, family and friends. To answer the questions at issue, five women were interviewed. In the analysis the result was reviewed on the basis of gender perspective, sociology of deviance and theories about treatment. Since there was no previous research to be found about this subject, contiguous research had to be used. The previous research showed that women and men in our society are treated differently. The focus of this study was the women’s experiences of treatment and does not compare the differences between women and men. The research of gender has brought attention to substance abusing women and has also led to new forms of treatment. Despite this, female addiction is still being viewed as violation of the standards in our society. These impermissible attitudes about female addiction could be a reason why the respondents of this study developed different strategies in effort to hide their addictions. The result of this study showed that these women have been treated in a positive way most of the time, but consistently the result also showed that these women have been treated in a negative way by family, friends and professionals. This study showed that the treatment from professionals, family and friends is of great importance for the women in their struggle to stay free from substance abuse. This study showed that more research about this subject is needed.

The purpose with this studie was to examine how individuals with experience of a long-term drugabuse describe their transformationprocess, and if this process has contributed to a change in their selfdescription. The studie was delimit to examine the transformationprocess, not in relation to what sort of abuse the informants had, or in relation to gender. The studie anwered questions concerning motivation to stop abusing, how the informants started the drugcareer, and how life as an abuser is described. In the studie qualitative method was used, five semi-structured interviewes were made with individuals who had a long-term addiction in the past. Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical frame of referense that was used for analyse. Results showed that the description of the turningpoint either was as one specific event, or like a process connected to kumulative treatement experiences, and to other experienses described as positive. Results has also shown that the transformationprocess requiers time, and that it takes place both as a socialisation process and as an inner personal develpment. Important factors that affected the development was the relation to other human beeings, to have an onest relation to oneself, to participate in fellowships, personal sucess, to achieve a positive change in the view of themselves.

Relapse is a common occurrence in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse. It is estimated that one out of three adolescents will relapse after treatment termination. Although much attention has been given to family factors which influence an adolescent's use and abuse of drugs, this same vigorous attention has not been given to determining if family factors play a role in an adolescent resuming drug use after treatment termination. It has been theorized that the same family factors which increase the risk of an adolescent to use and abuse drugs also can help in gaining an understanding of why relapse occurs. Three prominent theories used to explain family factors associated with drug use/abuse and relapse are genetic and social learning theories, and family dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate if familial factors, as proposed from the theories presented, were predictive of relapse. The sample in this study consisted of 31 adolescents who entered drug treatment between 1986 and 1988. Follow-up data of the adolescent's pattern of drug use since treatment discharge were collected through telephone interviews with the parent or guardian of the adolescent one and a half to nineteen months after treatment. The family information used in this study was collected through self-report questionnaires given to the adolescent at time of treatment. Specific family variables used in this study were: parental and sibling substance abuse history, number of parents in residence, past experience of physical and/or sexual abuse, and history of running away from home. Regression analyses were used to assess if these family variables were associated with relapse. Results of the data analyses found partial support for genetic and social learning theories of relapse, as well as relapse from a family dysfunction perspective. Findings indicated that adolescents who lived with only one parent or neither parent in comparison to those who lived with both parents, those who had experienced physical and/or sexual abuse, and those who perceived their father as not having a history of substance abuse were more at risk to relapse. Findings further indicated a cross-gender effect in that male adolescents who reported mother as having a substance abuse history were more likely to relapse. This same finding was not found for females in this study. The results indicate that given specific family dynamics, a sub-population of adolescents may be targeted on entrance to treatment to be at greater risk to relapse. / Graduation date: 1991