Inom Kriminalvårdens tre ben häkte, anstalt och frivård, förs samtal med klienter för att försöka åstadkomma förändring. Denna uppsats fokuserar på samtalen med de klienter som inte bara är kriminella, utan även har ett missbruk av narkotika. Detta faktum gör att samtalen försvåras då det finns många underliggande faktorer som påverkar, både utifrån klientperspektiv som myndighetsperspektiv. För att ändå kunna skapa ett gott samtalsklimat som kan leda till förändring, ses detta arbete utifrån samtalsmetoden Motivational Interviewing, MI, vilken förespråkas av Kriminalvården. Den svenska översättningen av MI är Motiverande Samtal. En före detta klient och missbrukare har intervjuats liksom nio professionella med samtal som grundläggande arbetsmetod. Uppsatsen har ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Vad som framkommit under intervjuerna och vad som finns att hämta från litteraturen, har sedan analyserats utifrån ett humanistiskt och existentialistiskt samt ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv.                       Det studien tydligast visar på, är att samtal är en förutsättning för att bedriva ett bra arbete med de klienter som är bland de svåraste inom Kriminalvården. Dock visar studien på att det finns faktorer som försvårar samtalen för förändring. En slutsats dras att dessa behöver tas i beaktande för att de professionella inom Kriminalvården ska kunna utföra sitt arbete. Därför kan MI enligt resultatet utgöra en mycket bra grund i samtalen, men att det finns en del kvar som kan förbättras, inte minst utifrån aspekten att samtalen påverkas av flera inre och yttre faktorer, vilka specificeras i studien. Det är flera av de intervjuade som ej använder sig av MI, men det kan tolkas som att metoden i sig är lätt att ta till sig i då den utgår ifrån grundläggande mänskliga värderingar. Detta gör att metoddelarna i MI ändå kan skönjas även bland de intervjuade som inte säger sig ha användning av metoden. Kriminalvårdens personal har, trots många svårigheter att övervinna i arbetet, ett unikt tillfälle att samtala om förändring, oavsett om MI används som metod eller ej. / Within the three ”legs” of the Swedish Prison and Probation system; detention centre, prison and probation office, there are conversations held with the clients, with the purpose of bringing about a change. This essay is focused on the conversations with the clients who are not only criminals, but also have a drug abuse. This fact makes the conversations more difficult because of many underlying factors, both from the perspective of the client and of the authority. To be able to create a good climate for discussion which could lead to change, the method of Motivational Interviewing (MI) is used. MI is the foundation of the prison and probation authority´s everyday work with clients. A former client and drug addict, has been interviewed as well as nine professionals. The essay has a phenomenological perspective. The results of the interviews and what is found in the literature has been analyzed from a humanistic and existentialistic perspective as well as a communicative perspective.                       The most important findings in the study are that use of conversations is a very important and basic method to be able to carry on a good work with the most difficult clients within the Swedish Prison and Probation system. Yet, this essay also shows factors which makes the conversations towards change more difficult. The conclusion is drawn that the professionals within the Prison and Probation system, have to take these factors into consideration, to be able to do their work. Motivational Interviewing as an approach can therefore be, according to the result, a very good foundation in these conversations. The study also shows that there are still things that could be better, especially that the conversations can be influenced by several of inner and outer factors, which are specified in the study. There are many of the interviewed, that are not using the MI technique, though that could mean that the method in it self, is easy to embrace because of its base on fundamental human values. Therefore some of the MI techniques can be seen among the interviewed that stated that they didn´t have any use of the method. The staff of the Prison and Probation system have, despite the many difficulties in the work, a unique opportunity to discuss change, no matter if MI is used as a method or not.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the phenomenon of internet drugs should be considered as a moral panic or as a real danger. We have mainly focused on how society perceives young people's use of these drugs. The study is based on a qualitative approach and we have used structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with three different categories of professionals who in different ways have contact with parts of our study in their professional capacity. These are: officials, commentators, and researchers. We chose these respondents to get a chance to see the phenomenon from different perspectives. The study's starting point is moral panic and youth culture. The results and analysis section showed that the professionals had differing opinions on how to consider the phenomenon. The majority of respondents felt that there are elements of both moral panic and real danger; however, there were those who felt it was merely a moral panic, while others felt that it was solely a real danger. With this background, our conclusion is that probably internet drugs should be seen as both - a moral panic and a real danger.

No description available.

Abstract Title: Anabolic Androgenic Steroids – An analysis of how AAS is portrayed in Swedish media. Author: Jens Sundén Tutor: Philip Lalander Keywords: AAS, Anabolic steroids, social problems, media, drug abuse, gender The purpose of this study was to investigate how Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are portrayed and described in the media, how AAS is constructed as a social problem, and how society in a social context uses knowledge and power for disciplinary and educational means. The study is based on the perception of AAS as a constructed social problem and analyzes the discourses surrounding AAS depicted in three Swedish newspapers. The sample was prepared on the basis that it represents different aspects of daily Swedish press. The method used in the paper is a discourse analysis with social constructivism and gender as theoretical tools used to analyze the sample material. An important conclusion of the analysis is that the use of AAS is a socially constructed problem, which incorporates both a stereotyped, aggressive male individual who desires an ideal body, and the use of AAS defined as an illegitimate abuse by society. Another important aspect of the analysis is how gender roles are highlighted in the sample and how these from a gender perspective are used to perpetuate male superiority and female subordination in society.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug-using behavioral patterns, drug abusers¡¦ cognition and inner-containment, the causes of HIV infection, the relationship between drug abuse and HIV infection, and the acceptable degree of the government¡¦s harm reduction program. This study adopted quantitative research design. A total number of 1083 (37.2% samples had HIV-infected) male drug abusers, whom sampled correctional institutions, including the drug treatment center, prison and detention house in Taiwan, were surveyed with self-reported questionnaire. Statistical methods, including descriptive analysis, Chi-square, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA, were applied to proof the hypothesis of this study. The findings were as follows: I. The proportion of drug-using kin of drug abusers was up to 23.8%. According to the analysis, the proportion of drug-using siblings was 10.2%, cousins was 4.9%. II. Non-injecting drug users (NIDUS) had lower tendency in drug craving than injecting drug users (IDUS), but had higher tendency in inner-containment than IDUS. Therefore, increasing IDUS¡¦ confidence and coping skills to deal with craving is important element of relapse prevention program. IDUS had lower ability of abstinence, so they should be the prior client of harm reduction program to decrease the harm from drug injection. III. 52% samples used to needle-sharing would still have needle-sharing behaviors when facing drug craving. The key factor of sharing behaviors was they don¡¦t know how to resist the craving and urge of using drugs. Correcting drug users¡¦ irrational belief could aid in decreasing the craving for drug. Therefore, drug abusers whom don¡¦t have strong coping response and concept about the damage of drug abuse should be instructed stress management abilities and cognitive modification in drug treatment to effectively prevent relapse.

<p>Inom Kriminalvårdens tre ben häkte, anstalt och frivård, förs samtal med klienter för att försöka åstadkomma förändring. Denna uppsats fokuserar på samtalen med de klienter som inte bara är kriminella, utan även har ett missbruk av narkotika. Detta faktum gör att samtalen försvåras då det finns många underliggande faktorer som påverkar, både utifrån klientperspektiv som myndighetsperspektiv. För att ändå kunna skapa ett gott samtalsklimat som kan leda till förändring, ses detta arbete utifrån samtalsmetoden Motivational Interviewing, MI, vilken förespråkas av Kriminalvården. Den svenska översättningen av MI är Motiverande Samtal. En före detta klient och missbrukare har intervjuats liksom nio professionella med samtal som grundläggande arbetsmetod. Uppsatsen har ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Vad som framkommit under intervjuerna och vad som finns att hämta från litteraturen, har sedan analyserats utifrån ett humanistiskt och existentialistiskt samt ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv.</p><p>                      Det studien tydligast visar på, är att samtal är en förutsättning för att bedriva ett bra arbete med de klienter som är bland de svåraste inom Kriminalvården. Dock visar studien på att det finns faktorer som försvårar samtalen för förändring. En slutsats dras att dessa behöver tas i beaktande för att de professionella inom Kriminalvården ska kunna utföra sitt arbete. Därför kan MI enligt resultatet utgöra en mycket bra grund i samtalen, men att det finns en del kvar som kan förbättras, inte minst utifrån aspekten att samtalen påverkas av flera inre och yttre faktorer, vilka specificeras i studien. Det är flera av de intervjuade som ej använder sig av MI, men det kan tolkas som att metoden i sig är lätt att ta till sig i då den utgår ifrån grundläggande mänskliga värderingar. Detta gör att metoddelarna i MI ändå kan skönjas även bland de intervjuade som inte säger sig ha användning av metoden. Kriminalvårdens personal har, trots många svårigheter att övervinna i arbetet, ett unikt tillfälle att samtala om förändring, oavsett om MI används som metod eller ej.</p> / <p><strong>Title: Conversations and change in situations of force – a study of how professionals experience conversations held with clients with a drug abuse in the Swedish prison and probation system.</strong></p><p>Within the three ”legs” of the Swedish Prison and Probation system; detention centre, prison and probation office, there are conversations held with the clients, with the purpose of bringing about a change. This essay is focused on the conversations with the clients who are not only criminals, but also have a drug abuse. This fact makes the conversations more difficult because of many underlying factors, both from the perspective of the client and of the authority. To be able to create a good climate for discussion which could lead to change, the method of Motivational Interviewing (MI) is used. MI is the foundation of the prison and probation authority´s everyday work with clients. A former client and drug addict, has been interviewed as well as nine professionals. The essay has a phenomenological perspective. The results of the interviews and what is found in the literature has been analyzed from a humanistic and existentialistic perspective as well as a communicative perspective.</p><p>                      The most important findings in the study are that use of conversations is a very important and basic method to be able to carry on a good work with the most difficult clients within the Swedish Prison and Probation system. Yet, this essay also shows factors which makes the conversations towards change more difficult. The conclusion is drawn that the professionals within the Prison and Probation system, have to take these factors into consideration, to be able to do their work. Motivational Interviewing as an approach can therefore be, according to the result, a very good foundation in these conversations. The study also shows that there are still things that could be better, especially that the conversations can be influenced by several of inner and outer factors, which are specified in the study. There are many of the interviewed, that are not using the MI technique, though that could mean that the method in it self, is easy to embrace because of its base on fundamental human values. Therefore some of the MI techniques can be seen among the interviewed that stated that they didn´t have any use of the method. The staff of the Prison and Probation system have, despite the many difficulties in the work, a unique opportunity to discuss change, no matter if MI is used as a method or not.</p>

Thesis (M.A. (Maatskaplike Werk))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-232).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986.

Women suffer methamphetamine (meth) addiction at a rate much higher than rates for addiction to other drugs. Female meth users are susceptible and predisposed to gender-related risks: high rates of unprotected vaginal and anal sex, sex-work, and sexual coercion. Precursors for addiction (e.g., abuse, body dysphasia) put females in a difficult position for recovery and highlight the need for gender-specific research and treatment. Methamphetamine (a synthetically derived stimulant) creates psychological and physical dependency that affects every neuron of the brain and damages the body immediately. Women ingest meth for initial effects that allay social pressures: feeling euphoric, connecting with others during ―parties,‖ losing weight, boosting energy, and feeling ―normal‖ despite tumultuous living conditions. Meth‘s aphrodisiac properties improve sexual relations, at least until addiction sets in, at which time relationships frequently become exploitive or abusive. Eventually, meth‘s positive effects turn negative, resulting in poor psychological and physical health. Meth addicts experience hallucinations, insomnia, and deteriorating relationships with family, friends, and colleagues. Physically, they suffer gauntness, deterioration of teeth and gums, and skin formication. They often undergo abuse to sustain their addictions. This study analyzes quantitative data from the National Household Survey to frame the reflective ethnographic portion‘s interactive interviewing and introduces a new tool, the Life Time Line, to clarify and correlate life events. The ethnographic results, based on extensive life history interviews with five women in recovery from methaddiction, concur with national trends and detail themes that could inform prevention and treatment programs. Recurrent themes are: dysfunctional parental relationships (including being ―adulterized‖) and chaotic childhood; a full range of abuse by parents, family, and husbands or boyfriends; introduction to drugs by males; body image dysphasia; and feelings of normalcy on drugs or self-medication in the face of unbearable living conditions or mental illness.This study emphasizes recovery. The ethnographies reveal that each woman had an epiphany, at least partially facilitated by a recovering addict; participated fully in a 12-step program such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA); became dedicated to the acquisition of a college education, including graduate school; and attend AA or NA to maintain sobriety.