This diploma thesis is solving a problem of energy intensity evaluation of professional laundry process. It presents computational model of tumble dryer and calender. There are described factors in calender model, which influence energy intensity of drying process. Verification of the model has been done according to measured data from real professional laundry premise.

The master’s thesis is focused on the issue of solar drying of sewage sludge. The sludge management of wastewater treatment plants is described in the first part of this thesis. This theoretical part also deals with description of drying and dryers used for sludge treatment. The second part of the thesis is focused on the experimental solar drying of sewage sludge and the evaluation of the results.

This thesis deals with the drying of biomass, especially drying of small wood mass. The various drying methods, such as belt drying, fluidized bed drying and drum drying are compared including their advantages and disadvantages. It is suggested basic technological scheme of drying line. The last part of the thesis deals with a calculation of drum dryer of specified performance and economic balance is made.

The topic of this master’s thesis is design of ride-on scrubber-dryer. The thesis concerns own design, which is based on findings from the analysis of the current state of knowledge.

Orientador: Fernando Lucas Primo / Resumo: Neste trabalho de mestrado profissional foi possível obter um sistema nanoestruturado polimérico contendo Quinizarina (QZ), um corante fotossensibilizador que emerge como nova alternativa para tratamento antitumoral, utilizando a terapia fotodinâmica (TFD). As nanopartículas foram produzidas em escala, utilizando um método inovador de Nano Spray Dryer as quais foram caracterizadas por diferentes métodos, tais como: Espectroscopia por Absorção e Emissao de Fluorescência na região do Ultra-Violeta Visível (UV-Vis), Espalhamento de Luz dinâmica (DLS) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Através das caracterizações observou-se nanopartículas monodispersas com diâmetro hidrodinâmico reduzido, verificou-se também que as nanopartículas foram preparadas de forma eficiente, o qual obteve-se a encapsulação das partículas QZ camada por camada (layer by layer). As nanopartículas foram preparadas utilizando uma rota de baixo custo e com altissimo rendimento (>70%). Após a completa caracterização do sistema, as nanopartículas foram aplicadas em testes biológicos in vitro utilizando dois tipos de linhagens celulares: a fibroblastóide (NIH-3T3) e cancerígena de origem melanocítica (B16-F10). Realizou-se estudos de biocompatibilidade, internalização utilizando QZ livre e encapsulada (uptake) e microscopia confocal em ambas as linhagens utilizadas e testes de fototoxicidade na linhagem melanocítica. Observou-se através dos estudos de uptake que houve uma maior internalização da quiniza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this professional master's work it was possible to obtain a polymeric nanostructured system containing Quinizarin (QZ), a photosensitizing dye that appears as a new alternative for antitumor treatment, using a photodynamic therapy (PDT). The nanoparticles were produced in scale using an innovative Nano Spray Dryer method, and characterized by different methods such as: Absorption Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Emission in the Ultra-Violet and Visible Region (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Through caracterizations, was observed that the nanoparticles produced where monodispered and small hydrodynamic diameter, the particles where prepared in a efficient way, which encapsulated the QZ particles layer by layer. The nanoparticles were prepared using a low cost, high yield (> 70%) route. After a complete characterization of the system, nanoparticles were applied in in vitro biological tests using two types of cell line: a fibroblast (NIH-3T3) and a melanocytic cancer (B16-F10). Biocompatibility, uptake, using free and encapsulated QZ and confocal microscopy studies were performed in both cell lines, and phototoxicity tests were performed in melanocytic cell line. It was observed through uptake studies that there was a greater internalization of nanostructured quinizarin, due to its high biocompatibility, compared to free quinizarin. The internalization study by confocal microscopy demonstrates that the QZ nanostructured system fun... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study details the construction and performance testing of a mixed mode solar dryer using a combination of direct and indirect solar energy to dry food. One major benefit of this dryer design is its construction. It was simple to construct and was made with low cost materials, to make it feasible for use in developing countries. Previous research has identified several design factors that affect performance and efficiency: product loading density, number of trays, position of the absorber, and chimney type. Performance testing showed that chimney air speeds were not affected greatly by modifying the design aspects of the dryer, with only a small increase occurring when using a box-type chimney. Overall the temperatures were mostly dependent on irradiance, but using a collector-type chimney generally resulted in higher temperatures throughout the dryer. The RH change across the dehydrator was most affected by the number of trays, but the chimney type did have an effect on the RH right at the chimney exit. Efficiency testing showed that product loading density on the trays was tested at 40% and 60% capacity; there was no statistical difference observed for efficiency between the two levels. Our results show that the dryer was more efficient when using the maximum number of trays. The lowest position of the absorber (5 cm from the ground) was found to be most efficient. A box-type chimney was significantly more efficient than the collector-type chimney in this full factorial study.

No description available.

No description available.

No / Aims: To compare an ultra-rapid hand dryer against warm air dryers, with regard to: (A) bacterial transfer after drying and (B) the impact on bacterial numbers of rubbing hands during dryer use. Methods and Results: The Airblade¿ dryer (Dyson Ltd) uses two air `knives¿ to strip water from still hands, whereas conventional dryers use warm air to evaporate moisture whilst hands are rubbed together. These approaches were compared using 14 volunteers; the Airblade¿ and two types of warm air dryer. In study (A), hands were contaminated by handling meat and then washed in a standardized manner. After dryer use, fingers were pressed onto foil and transfer of residual bacteria enumerated. Transfers of 0¿107 CFU per five fingers were observed. For a drying time of 10 s, the Airblade¿ led to significantly less bacterial transfer than the other dryers (P < 0·05; range 0·0003¿0·0015). When the latter were used for 30¿35 s, the trend was for the Airblade to still perform better, but differences were not significant (P > 0·05, range 0·1317¿0·4099). In study (B), drying was performed ± hand rubbing. Contact plates enumerated bacteria transferred from palms, fingers and fingertips before and after drying. When keeping hands still, there was no statistical difference between dryers, and reduction in the numbers released was almost as high as with paper towels. Rubbing when using the warm air dryers inhibited an overall reduction in bacterial numbers on the skin (P < 0·05). Conclusions: Effective hand drying is important for reducing transfer of commensals or remaining contaminants to surfaces. Rubbing hands during warm air drying can counteract the reduction in bacterial numbers accrued during handwashing. Significance and Impact of the Study: The Airblade¿ was superior to the warm air dryers for reducing bacterial transfer. Its short, 10 s drying time should encourage greater compliance with hand drying and thus help reduce the spread of infectious agents via hands. / Dyson Ltd

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineCC_TESE.pdf: 5713119 bytes, checksum: 5863ea9920b2303b3df108c3054d1dd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A asma ? uma doen?a cr?nica caracterizada por dispneia, tosse, espirro intermitente e opress?o tor?cica, sintomas decorrentes de processos fisiol?gicos como edema, aumento de secre??o de muco e contra??o da musculatura lisa br?nquica e tamb?m encontra nas plantas medicinais sugest?es para seu tratamento. A esp?cie Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl ? uma esp?cie vegetal bastante estudada, tendo sido avaliadas e comprovadas uma s?rie de a??es farmacol?gicas (anti-anafil?tica, anti-inflamat?ria e efeito imunomodulador) que a colocam em posi??o de destaque para terapia da asma. Esses efeitos farmacol?gicos s?o associados ? presen?a de alcaloides, destacando-se a warifte?na. O controle de qualidade do material vegetal segundo m?todos farmacopeicos foi realizado na busca de especifica??es de qualidade para as folhas de Cissampelos sympodialis e garantia de uso seguro desse insumo vegetal. A aplica??o de t?cnicas quimiom?tricas do tipo planejamento experimental foi ?til no estabelecimento de condi??es ?timas de extra??o para obten??o de extratos hidroalco?lcios das folhas de Cissampelos sympodialis, cuja otimiza??o ocorreu tamb?m atrav?s de an?lise univariada relacionada ao tamanho de part?cula do material vegetal e m?todo de extra??o. A monitora??o de atividade biol?gica anti-inflamat?ria, presumida atrav?s de modelos de cultura de c?lulas de linfonodos e macr?fagos para quantifica??o de citocinas associadas ao processo inflamat?rio, foi realizada para os extratos com maior e menor teor de warifte?na, decorrentes do planejamento experimental, na forma de suas respectivas fra??es aquosas. A rela??o do teor de warifte?na com a pot?ncia de atividade anti-inflamat?ria p?de ser sugerida, havendo ainda necessidade de otimiza??o da obten??o da fra??o aquosa. As condi??es padronizadas para obten??o do extrato hidroalco?lico envolvem a utiliza??o de material vegetal com part?culas de 500 ?m, na propor??o 1:10 (droga: solvente p/v), com o sistema de solvente extrator sendo etanol : ?gua na propor??o 80 : 20 (v/v), atrav?s da macera??o por 48h, com reposi??o de solvente ap?s as primeiras 24 h. Foram realizados alguns ensaios de secagem por spray dryer das fra??es aquosas obtidas, sendo sugerida a utiliza??o de maltodextrina, isolada ou em associa??o a di?xido de sil?cio coloidal, havendo ainda necessidade de ensaios definitivos. Todo o estudo foi realizado com o intuito de se obter insumo farmac?utico est?vel e de qualidade para futuro desenvolvimento de formula??es e consequente obten??o de medicamento fitoter?pico para o tratamento de asma