Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) involve several complex physical, biological and chemical processes. Often these processes exhibit non-linear behavior that is difficult to describe by classical mathematical models. Safer operation and control of a WWTP can be achieved by developing a modeling tool for predicting the plant performance. In the last decade, many studies were realized in wastewater treatment based on intelligent methods which are related to modeling WWTP. These studies are about predictions of WWTP parameters, process control of WWTP, estimating WWTP output parameters characteristics. In many studies, neural network models were used to model chemical and physical attributes in the flow rate. In this Thesis, a data-driven approach for analyzing water quality is introduced. Improvements in the data collection of information system allow collection of large volumes of data. Although improvements in data collection systems have given researchers sufficient information about various systems, they must be used in conjunction with novel data-mining algorithms to build models and recognize patterns in large data sets. Since the mid 1990's, data mining has been successfully used for model extraction and describing various phenomena of interest.

This thesis presents an approach to modeling Multi Agent Systems (MAS). A framework and its implementation are presented as an extension to .NET. A number of definitions of agents are evaluated for the purpose of a broad understanding of the term software agent. Software agent has been defined in MAS context and its characteristics are identified and implemented. Motivation factors for building framework for MAS have been discussed. A number of existing technologies are discussed and evaluated. A number of agent systems previously developed are also being discussed in the middle part of the thesis. A model software agent has been defined and its characteristics are divided in two basic categories essential and optional. Its implementation has been distributed into different components throughout the MAS framework. Some of these characteristics are jointly implemented by a number of components and others responsibility rest on the individual components. Detail working of the MAS framework (i.e. what to do, when to do) is explained as guide to develop MAS using MAS framework. The protocols followed by the framework components to make communication possible between them are discussed at components level. The required information for developing MAS using MAS framework are also discussed. It answers the why, when and how questions in regards to using MAS framework A case study on Dynamic Truck Scheduling (DTS) system is discussed, designed and implemented using the MAS framework. DTS System has been used as a prototype application to test and evaluate the framework. DTS also represents a model problem that can be answered by using MAS; complete in-depth details about the problem statement are discussed. It also discusses the design and implementation of the solution along with the test results of the framework. Possible future expansion is presented in light of a number of limitations known of the MAS framework. The code working behind the different components of the MAS framework is given in appendices. Some important standards of XML that are used to pass information between agents and MAS framework components are also given in the format of tables.

This work investigates the problem of company not able to handle it’s data analysis using Navision Attain tools alone. A more powerful system is needed, and Microsoft SQL Server OLAP tools are selected as such. The work carried out covers data extraction, transformation and loading (ETL) for analyzing Navision Attain data using OLAP data analysis tools. Different integration architectures, as well as needed transformations and most often encountered problems are covered, together with possible solutions to them.. After completing business process analysis, and identifying user roles and required data, four different data cube were created on data from Navision Attain. Namely cubes for sales analysis, purchase analysis, item inventory tracking and customer debt analysis. In addition, an example schedules for cube updating are created, and wider usage guidelines are provided. The complete system is then optimised to provide efficient performance and low main system load. The optimisation results are compiled into generic suggestions for further analysis system development.

Research based on translation expertise, which is also sometimes referred to as translation competence, has been a growing area of investigation in translation studies. These studies have not only focused on how translation expertise may be conceptualised and defined, but also on how this expertise is acquired and developed by translators. One of the key observations that arise from an overview of current research in the field of translation expertise is the prevalence of process-oriented methodologies in the field, with product-oriented methodologies used comparatively infrequently. This study is based on the assumption that product-oriented methodologies, and specifically the corpus-based approach, may provide new insights into translation expertise. The study therefore sets out to address the lack of comprehensive and systematic corpus-based analyses of translation expertise. One of the foremost concerns of corpus-based translation studies has been the investigation of what is known as the features of translated language which are often categorised as: explicitation, simplification, normalisation and levelling-out. The main objective of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that the features of translated language can be taken as an index of translation expertise. The hypothesis is founded on the premise that if the features of translated language are considered to be the textual traces of translation strategies, then the different translation strategies associated with different levels of translation expertise will be reflected in different frequencies and distributions of these features of translated language in the work of experienced and inexperienced translators. The study therefore aimed to determine if there are significant differences in the frequency and distribution of the features of translated language in the work of experienced and inexperienced translators. As background to this main research question, the study also investigated a secondary hypothesis in which translated language demonstrates unique features that are the consequence of various aspects of the translation process. A custom-built comparable English corpus was used for the study, comprising three subcorpora: translations by experienced translators, translations by inexperienced translators, and non-translations. A selection of linguistic operationalization’s was chosen for each of the four features of translated language. The differences in the frequency and distribution of these linguistic operationalization’s in the three sub corpora were analysed by means of parametric or non-parametric ANOVA. The findings of the study provide some support for both hypotheses. In terms of the translation expertise hypothesis, some of the features of translated language demonstrate significantly different frequencies in the work of experienced translators compared to the work of inexperienced translators. It was found that experienced translators are less explicit in terms of: formal completeness, simplify less frequently because they use a more varied vocabulary, use longer sentences and have a lower readability index score on their translations, and use contractions more frequently, which signals that they normalise less than inexperienced translators. However, experienced translators also use neologisms and loanwords less frequently than inexperienced translators, which is suggestive of normalisation occurring more often in the work of experienced translators when it comes to lexical creativity. These linguistic differences are taken as indicative of the different translation strategies used by the two groups of translators. It is believed that the differences are primarily caused by variations in experienced and inexperienced translators‟ sensitivity to translation norms, their awareness of written language conventions, their language competence (which involves syntactic, morphological and vocabulary knowledge), and their sensitivity to register. Furthermore, it was also found that there are indeed significant differences between translated and non-translated language, which also provides support for the second hypothesis investigated in this study. Translators explicitate more frequently than non-translators in terms of formal completeness, tend to have a less extensive vocabulary, tend to raise the overall formality of their translations, and produce texts that are less creative and more conformist than non-translators‟ texts. However, statistical support is lacking for the hypothesis that translators explicitate more at the propositional level than original text producers do, as well as for the hypothesis that translators are inclined to use a more neutral middle register. / MA (Language Practice), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

abstract: Underground transmission cables in power systems are less likely to experience electrical faults, however, resulting outage times are much greater in the event that a failure does occur. Unlike overhead lines, underground cables are not self-healing from flashover events. The faulted section must be located and repaired before the line can be put back into service. Since this will often require excavation of the underground duct bank, the procedure to repair the faulted section is both costly and time consuming. These added complications are the prime motivators for developing accurate and reliable ratings for underground cable circuits. This work will review the methods by which power ratings, or ampacity, for underground cables are determined and then evaluate those ratings by making comparison with measured data taken from an underground 69 kV cable, which is part of the Salt River Project (SRP) power subtransmission system. The process of acquiring, installing, and commissioning the temperature monitoring system is covered in detail as well. The collected data are also used to evaluate typical assumptions made when determining underground cable ratings such as cable hot-spot location and ambient temperatures. Analysis results show that the commonly made assumption that the deepest portion of an underground power cable installation will be the hot-spot location does not always hold true. It is shown that distributed cable temperature measurements can be used to locate the proper line segment to be used for cable ampacity calculations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015

Les dysfonctionnements observés dans les enceintes de conversion thermochimique tels que les zones mortes et les courts-Circuits conduisent en général à une mauvaise valorisation de la ressource énergétique et à une pollution atmosphérique. Ils trouvent leur origine dans les conditions aérauliques au sein de ces enceintes. Ils pourront alors être évités par une meilleure maîtrise de ces écoulements. Nous proposons dans ce travail d’une part, le développement d’un nouvel outil pour la détermination de la distribution des temps de séjour de la phase solide, basé sur la luminescence de particules préalablement enrobées de pigments phosphorescents. Cette méthode systémique, optique, non intrusive et souple d’emploi a été mise en place à l’échelle laboratoire sur un banc d’essais aéraulique. D’autre part, nous avons développé un modèle numérique permettant de déterminer la distribution des temps de séjour afin de maîtriser les écoulements à la sortie des enceintes en vue de les optimiser et les extrapoler à l’échelle industrielle. Cette approche analytique est basée sur une modélisation par couplage MFN de type volumes finis du comportement d’un fluide à l’aide du Code Saturne et DEM de type éléments discrets du comportement du solide à l’aide du code SIGRAME. Enfin une confrontation de la DTS du modèle numérique avec laDTS expérimentale a été réalisée. / Dysfunctions observed in thermochemical conversion reactors like dead zones and short circuits generally lead to inaccurate pricing of energy resources and air pollution. They originate in the air flow conditions in these aeraulic reactor. They can then be avoided by a better control of these flows. We propose in this work to develop a new tool for determining the distribution of residence time of the solid phase, based on the luminescence of particles previously coated with phosphorescent pigments. This optical method, non-Intrusive and flexible, has been implemented at a laboratory scale, on an aeraulic test bench.On the other hand, we have developed a numerical model allowing to determine the distribution of the residence time to master the flows at the exit of surrounding walls to optimize them and extrapolate them at the industrial scale. This analytical approach is based on a modelling by coupling MFN by finite volume types via the Code Saturn and DEM by discrete elements of the solid behavior by means of the code SIGRAME. Finally a confrontation of the DTS of the digital model with the experimental DTS has been done.

Cette étude concerne l'optimisation, la conception et la caractérisation de microréacteurs, de type multicanaux, appliqués à l'électrosynthèse organique de composés fluorés à intérêt médical tels que le 2-Fluoro- 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (18FDG). Les microsystèmes ont connu un développement important ces dernières années dans le domaine de la chimie fine où la volonté est de développer des outils toujours plus compétitifs. Les microréacteurs appliqués à la synthèse offrent l’avantage d’un rapport surface sur volume de la zone réactionnelle élevé (> 100 cm-1), ce qui améliore nettement les transferts de masse et d’énergie et permet de traiter de très faibles quantités dans des conditions plus sûres et plus respectueuses de l’environnement. L’élément de base du microréacteur est souvent constitué d’un simple microcanal qu’il est nécessaire de dupliquer pour fournir le débit de production adapté à une application donnée. Ainsi, un microréacteur sera souvent composé d’une série de microcanaux disposés en parallèle et connectant un canal distributeur et un canal collecteur. Cette configuration peut entraîner une faible uniformité de la distribution de l’écoulement dans les différents microcanaux de réaction et il est particulièrement important d’optimiser la géométrie du microréacteur complet pour tendre vers une distribution uniforme des temps de séjour (DTS). Dans le cas de la synthèse électrochimique, les microcanaux sont directement gravés dans deux électrodes placées en vis-à-vis et séparées par une membrane échangeuse d’ions. Une optimisation préliminaire de la DTS au sein d’une électrode composée de microcanaux parallèles de section rectangulaire est réalisée. L’arrivée et la sortie du fluide s’effectue par l’intermédiaire de deux canaux distributeur et collecteur de section également rectangulaire, mais non constante. L’optimisation vise à déterminer une évolution linéaire optimale de la largeur de ces canaux distributeur et collecteur. Un modèle analytique basé sur des hypothèses simplificatrices permet de calculer les différentes pertes de charge ainsi que les débits dans chaque microcanal, dans le cas d’un écoulement laminaire de liquide. Les résultats obtenus sont ensuite confirmés par des simulations numériques 3-D, plus précises. Un modèle hybride combinant les simulations numériques pour les canaux distributeur et collecteur et le modèle analytique pour les microcanaux parallèles est également développé. Il permet d’augmenter la finesse du maillage dans les zones sensibles de l’écoulement, sans nécessité d’accroître les ressources informatiques (mémoire et temps de simulation). Les résultats obtenus montrent un très bon accord entre les simulations numériques 3-D, le modèle hybride et le modèle analytique. Sur un exemple de 10 microcanaux parallèles, il est montré que dans le cas de la géométrie initiale, pour laquelle les canaux collecteur et distributeur sont de section constante, des écarts de l’ordre de 50 % existent entre les débits traversant les microcanaux latéraux et centraux. Après optimisation, cet écart est réduit à moins de 0,1 %. Le modèle analytique est ensuite étendu au cas d’écoulements gazeux en prenant en compte les effets non linéaires et antagonistes de la raréfaction et de la compressibilité de l’écoulement. La raréfaction est ici caractérisée par un nombre de Knudsen compris entre 0 et 0,1 et se traduit pas des sauts de vitesse à la paroi ; les écoulements dans ce régime modérément raréfié sont alors correctement modélisés par les équations compressibles de Navier Stokes associées à des conditions de glissement du second ordre en Knudsen, en prenant en compte la géométrie tridimensionnelle des microcanaux de réaction et des canaux collecteur et distributeur. / This study focuses on the optimisation, design and characterization of microreactors, of multichannel type, applied to the organic electrosyntheses of fluorinated compounds of medical interest such as the 2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (18FDG). Microsystems have known an important development these last years in the field of fine chemicals where the aim is to develop increasingly competitive tools. The microreactors applied to synthesis offer a reaction zone with high surface to volume ratio (> 100 cm-1), which significantly improves mass and energy transfers and allows treating small quantities in safer conditions and a better respect of environment. The basic element of the microreactor is often composed of a single microchannel, which is necessary to duplicate in order to provide the suitable production rate for a given application. Thus, a microreactor is often composed of a series of microchannels arranged in parallel and connecting a distributing channel to a collecting one. This configuration can result in poor uniformity of flow distribution among the reaction microchannels and it is particularly important to optimize the geometry of the microreactor in order to obtain a uniform residence time distribution (RTD). In the case of electrochemical synthesis, microchannels are directly etched into two electrodes facing each other and separated by an ion exchange membrane. A preliminary optimisation of the RTD in an electrode composed of parallel microchannels with rectangular cross-section is performed. The fluid inlet and outlet are connected to a distributing and a collecting channel with non constant rectangular cross-section. The aim of the optimisation is to determine an optimal linear evolution of the width of the distributing and collecting channels. An analytical model based on simplifying assumptions allows calculating the various pressure drops and the flowrate in each microchannel, in the case of a laminar liquid flow. The obtained results are then confirmed by more accurate 3-D numerical simulations. A hybrid model combining numerical simulations for the distributing and collecting channels and the analytical model for the parallel microchannels is also developed. This model allows a more refined mesh in the sensitive areas of the flow, without requiring additional numerical effort (memory and simulation time). The results show a good agreement between the 3-D numerical simulations, the hybrid model and the analytical model. On an example of 10 parallel microchannels, it is shown that in the case of the initial geometry (with a constant cross-section of collecting and distributing channels), the flowrate difference through the lateral and the central microchannels is in the order of 50%. After optimization, this difference is reduced to less than 0.1%. The analytical model is then extended to the case of gas flows, taking into account nonlinear and antagonist effects of rarefaction and compressibility. Rarefaction is characterized by the value of the Knudsen number which remains lower than 0.1; the flow in this moderately rarefied regime is accurately modelled by the compressible Navier-Stokes equations associated with second-order slip boundary conditions, taking into account the three-dimensional geometry of the reaction microchannels and of the collecting and distributing channels.

This master’s thesis is focused on sensory systems and analysis of such signals. In the frst part, a theoretical analysis of each sensory system is conducted. Followingly, appropriate flters were used to process these signals. The last part of this thesis deals with the analysis of measured data.

This master’s thesis is focused on sensory systems and analysis of such signals. In the frst part, a theoretical analysis of each sensory system is conducted. Followingly, appropriate flters were used to process these signals. The last part of this thesis deals with the analysis of measured data.

The financial requirements between fiber optic sensors and conventional sensors are gradually declining, which, despite many advatages and wide range of applicationas, has slowed down the demand for these sensors. With the demand for fiber optic sensors also grow the requirements for the parameters of these sensors. This thesis deals with distributed temperature fiber optic sensors. Non--linear phenomen in optical fibers, such as Raman scattering is used for measuring with these sensors. This scatterin was used to obtain information about temperature, which effected the optical cable under the test.