This thesis is about concept of time in work of french philosopher Gilles Deleuze. First of all is nescessery to introduce reader with philosophy of Henri Bergson and Deleuze's interpretation of Bergon's work and how Deleuze uses it for demonstration of his own thoughs. After Bergson, there is finally an art, Marcel Proust and his novel In Search of Lost Time, which is subject of Deleuze's early work. Philosopher's original interpretation of proustian time is introduced in context of other intepretations of his time and also in the context in relation to philosophy of Bergson. The second half of thesis talks about modern film, which was Deleuze's interest through 1980s. This thesis doesn't try to make any brave interpretations of Deleuze's work, but does try to introduce a problém of time in his work, The concept of time is something which is not a big thing in Deleuze's philosophy, but i tis something what is there for a whole time because of Henri Bergson's influence.

This paper studies the relationship between individual characteristics of displaced workers and the probability of re-employment. A competing risks hazard model is used, distinguishing between exits from joblessness to self-employment and to paid-employment. All individuals between 25 and 55 years of age, at the time of displacement, that suffered from at least one year of joblessness after being displaced between 1990 and 1998 due to establishment closures that occurred between 1990 and 2001 are included. This allows for the closure procedure to be between one and three years long. Each individual is followed, from the year of displacement until the year of re-employment or at the latest, ten years after displacement. Semi-parametric estimation techniques for discrete time data are used, and in consistency with previous research the results show that subgroups of the jobless individuals experience different re-employment probabilities. The results suggest that a non-immigrant, high income-earner in the mid-thirties, with short tenure at the closing establishment, and who was not displaced early in the closure process and who has lived in the same city for a long time, faces the greatest probability of becoming re-employed. Furthermore, men and individuals with self-employment experience face lower probabilities of re-employment in paid-employments compared to their counterparts. This relationship is however reversed when studying the probability of leaving joblessness for self-employment. Men, immigrants, high income-earners, displaced from smaller establishments, previously self-employed and those with shorter tenure in previous employment are found to be more likely to enter self-employment than their counterparts. A positive duration dependency is prevalent in re-employment probability, suggesting that search activity is increased over time. The probability of self-employment entry is however decreasing the first years of joblessness following displacement, displaying an initial negative duration dependency.

Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime (W’) is the amount of work that can be tolerated when exercising in non-steady-state conditions above CP. A person’s CP and W’ strongly influence the metabolic response and tolerance to exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of equal amounts of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on CP and W’. Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime (W’) is the amount of work that can be tolerated when exercising in non-steady-state conditions above CP. A person’s CP and W’ strongly influence the metabolic response and tolerance to exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of equal amounts of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on CP and W’. METHODS: Twenty-two (10 female) untrained, young (26.4 ± 0.9 years) adults completed 8 weeks of cycling training (40 min, 3  per week) administered as either MICT cycling (44% max work rate achieved during a maximal graded exercise test; GXTmax) or HITT cycling (4 bouts at 80% GXTmax for 4 min with recovery intervals between). Cycling V̇O2max, CP, W’ and Anaerobic Capacity (i.e., Wingate) were determined before and after training. Specifically, CP was assessed with the work-over-time method derived from 4–5 constant-power tests to exhaustion. RESULTS: MICT (n = 11) and HIIT (n = 11) groups completed the same amount of work over the course of the training (P = 0.76). CP significantly increased in both groups, but to a greater extent in the HIIT group (MICT: 15.7 ± 3.1% vs. HIIT: 27.5 ± 4.3%; P = 0.04). The work that could be performed above CP (i.e., W’) was not significantly impacted by training (p = 0.76). V̇O2max significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.01), and the magnitude tended to be greater in the HIIT group (MICT: 8.3 ± 2% vs. HIIT: 14 ± 2.6%; P = 0.09). Interestingly, the training-induced change in CP was not significantly related to the training-induced change in V̇O2max. The training-induced increase in CP exhibited a positive curvilinear relationship with the training intensity, expressed as a percentage of the initial CP, with those performing the same workout at a greater percentage of CP exhibiting greater training-induced increases in CP (R2 = 0.49, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: HIIT elicits approximately twice the increase in CP than an equal amount of MICT in untrained young adults. Moreover, the magnitude of increase in CP is strongly related to the intensity of the exercise, relative to CP, even when exercising at the same percentage of GXTmax. Thus, exercise may be more effectively prescribed relative to CP, rather than V̇O2max or GXTmax.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta sociálních věd Institut ekonomických studií Název disertační práce/ Dissertation title Interest Rate Risk and Liquidity Risk of Banking Books in the Czech Republic Anglický překlad / Title in English Interest Rate Risk and Liquidity Risk of Banking Books in the Czech Republic Autor/ka/ Author Mag. Hana Džmuráňová Rok zpracování/ Year 2021 Školitel / Advisor Doc. Ing. Zdeněk Tůma CSc. Počet stran / No. of pages 197 Abstract in English The thesis Interest Rate Risk and Liquidity Risk of Banking Books in the Czech Republic deals with the management of interest rate risk and liquidity risk stemming from the core banking system purpose - the maturity transformation. Across five articles, we provide comprehensive theoretical description, regulatory background, and develop models for embedded behavioural options of client products such as non-maturity deposits, with special focus on savings accounts in the Czech Republic in one of our case studies, or loans with prepayment option. We apply our models on the major Czech and Slovak banks and we calculate the exposure of those banks to interest rate risk in terms of regulatory guidelines. We derive that all banks in our analysis are positioned to benefit when interest rates increase as demand deposits like current accounts are...

Background: 24-hour movement behaviors, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration, have important implications for health across the lifespan. However, no studies exist that have examined the integration of these 24-hour movement behaviors in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and sociodemographic correlates of meeting the guidelines in adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods: This was a multi-national cross-sectional study of 2338 adults aged 18 to 64 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. MVPA and ST data were collected using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Socio-demographic correlates included sex, age, education level, and marital status. Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines was defined as: ≥150 min/week of MVPA; ≤8 h/day of ST; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. Logistic regression models were estimated on pooled data. Results: The prevalence of adults who met the MVPA, ST, sleep duration, and integrated recommendations was 48.3, 22.0, 19.4, and 1.6%, respectively. Overall, being a woman (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.55,0.93) and having a middle (0.63; 0.47,0.85) or high education level (0.31; 0.17,0.56) was associated with lower odds of meeting all three of the 24-hour movement guideline recommendations. Being married (1.70; 1.25,2.29) was associated with greater odds of meeting all three recommendations. Being a woman (0.46; 0.39,0.55), aged 50-64 years (0.77; 0.60,0.97), and married (0.79; 0.65,0.96) were associated with lower odds of meeting the MVPA recommendation. Having a middle (0.64; 0.50,0.80) or high (0.36; 0.23,0.55) education level was associated with lower odds and being married (1.86; 1.46,2.36) was associated with greater odds of meeting the ST recommendation. Being a woman (0.63; 0.51,0.78) was associated with lower odds; whereas being aged 50-64 years (1.40; 1.04,1.88) and having a middle education level (1.37; 1.09,1.73) were associated with greater odds of meeting the sleep duration recommendation. Conclusions: Overall, the proportion of Latin American adults achieving healthy levels of 24-hour movement behaviors was low. Further efforts are needed to promote more MVPA, less ST, and sufficient sleep in Latin American adults. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014. / Universidad de Costa Rica / Revisión por pares

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fascitis reduces the morbidity and mortality rates of this devastating disease. To examine the clinical outcomes of using negative pressure wound therapy in the adjunctive management of wounds secondary to necrotizing fascitis, a retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Participants included 11 consecutive patients (16 wounds) with a diagnosis of necrotizing fascitis admitted to a teaching hospital between 2000 and 2005 and treated on an inpatient basis with negative pressure wound therapy. The patients included seven men, four women (average age 54 years; range 18 to 82 years). Variables abstracted from the medical records and consultation notes included: demographic information, tissue and blood bacteriological data, wound history, wound healing outcomes, duration of negative pressure wound therapy, length of hospital stay, and mortality and morbidity information. Variables were entered into an electronic database and analyzed. Operative tissue biopsies were obtained and all participants received serial surgical debridements as well as infection, nutrition, and hemodynamic support. Negative pressure wound therapy was applied to the wound(s) at 125 mm Hg continuous negative pressure until reconstructive closure could be performed. Most wounds (10) were on lower extremities, seven patients presented with sepsis, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was identified in nine wounds. Mean number of negative pressure wound therapy treatment days was 25 (range: 7 to 74), mean length of stay was 67 days (range: 21 to 186). All wounds were successfully closed ĝ€" 73% received split-thickness skin grafts, 27% required flaps, 100% limb salvage was achieved, and all patients survived. No negative pressure wound therapy or dressing-associated complications were observed. Negative pressure wound therapy was found to be a viable adjunctive treatment in the management of wounds associated with necrotizing fascitis.

Aims The associations of moderate alcohol consumption, sleep duration, and tobacco smoking with coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are not clearly clarified. The aims of the study were to evaluate the associations of lifestyle factors, hypertension, obesity, depression and sleep duration with CHD development among patients with T2D, and particularly, to examine the gender differences in risk factors for CHD. Methods A total of 2335 T2D adults were selected from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results The CHD prevalence among patients with T2D was 14.2% (18.1% and 10.4% for males and females, respectively), which increased with age (10.3% and 19.6% for age groups 18–64 and 65+, respectively). After adjusting for other factors, weighted logistic regression analyses showed that CHD among patients with T2D was significantly associated with being male, older age, past smoking, long sleep duration, hypertension, and high cholesterol level. Furthermore, the significant association of older age, past smoking, hypertension and high cholesterol level were observed particularly in males, while the association of long sleep duration with CHD was only observed in females. Hypertension was associated with CHD for both genders. Conclusions Gender, age, past smoking, long sleep duration, hypertension and high cholesterol level were significantly associated with CHD among T2D patients; however, such associations differed by gender. Such gender disparities should be considered in the prevention and treatment of T2D.

This dissertation contains three research chapters conducted on Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of canola (Brassica napus L.). This disease is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and is considered endemic in canola-producing areas of North Dakota. The first research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of eight phenotyping scoring systems and nine variant calling and filtering methods in detection of QTL associated with response to SSR. The study, conducted on two doubled-haploid mapping populations, showed that using multiple phenotypic data sets derived from lesion length and plant mortality and imputing missing genotypic data increased the number of QTL detected without negatively affecting the effect (R2) of QTL. Nineteen QTL were detected on chromosomes A02, A07, A09, C01, and C03 in this study. The second research chapter presents results of a work that assessed the role of temperature regimes and wetness duration on S. sclerotiorum ascospore germination and ascosporic infection efficiency. This study showed that optimum ascospore germination occurred at 21 °C while it significantly decreased at 10 and 30 °C. Infection efficacy experiments indicated that extreme temperatures and interrupting wet periods were detrimental for the disease development. A logistic regression model with 75% accuracy was developed for the disease perdition. The third research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of temperature on mycelial growth of 19 S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from different geographical regions and on SSR development on plant introduction (PI) lines with different levels of resistance. Mycelial growth and disease development peaked at 25 °C. While lesion expansion on resistant cultivars and the susceptible check was negatively affected at 30 °C, the disease developed significantly on the PI with a high level of susceptibility. Results of these studies provide insights into integrated management strategies of SSR.

BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental health illness, characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, diminished interests, guilt, low-self esteem, and disturbances in sleep and appetite. A significant percentage of patients with MDD are treatment resistant. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a biological procedure utilized for treatment resistant illnesses. Diagnosis and clinical conditions primarily dictate when ECT is the appropriate treatment modality for an individual. Circumstances requiring rapid clinical response, risks affiliated with alternative treatments, resistance to pharmacotherapy, and medical history are all factors that designate ECT as the treatment of choice. METHODS: The objective of this systematic review was to examine how different anesthetics or combinations of agents affect ECT’s therapeutic efficacy in depressed, adult patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) and motor seizure durations and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores were used as primary measures of clinical outcomes. Two rounds of literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify randomized controlled trials and crossover trials that examined the effects of different intravenous sedatives and hypnotic agents on ECT. Two reviewers independently evaluated the internal validity and quality of studies, extracted data, and analyzed statistics. Utilizing all relevant data, standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity measures were calculated. Ten studies with 373 participants were included. RESULTS: Thiopental only anesthesia was associated with longer EEG seizure duration when compared to propofol only treatment. The pooled effect size from studies with propofol anesthesia also suggests that this agent is associated with shorter seizure durations. If assessed individually with thiopental, the combination of ketamine and thiopental is correlated with increased motor as well as EEG seizure durations. When pooled; however, studies with patient groups assigned to anesthesia consisting of ketamine and another primary agent do not show significant differences either in EEG or motor seizure durations. Additionally, no difference exists in HDRS score reductions between propofol and methohexital. Of note; however, ketamine combined with either propofol or thiopental had significantly greater decreases in HDRS scores. CONCLUSION: Choice of anesthetic should be determined based on anticipated clinical outcome, adverse effect profile, reemergence, and patient preference. If long seizures are preferred, thiopental may be a reasonable option. However, if significantly larger decreases in depression score are preferred, then the combinations of ketamine and propofol or ketamine and thiopental appear to be the therapies of choice. Small sample sizes and insufficient clinical data limit the interpretations of these variables that determine therapeutic efficacy. Larger randomized control trials and crossover trials would provide greater insight into the optimal use of intravenous anesthetic agents with minimal adverse effects.

Research suggests that Internet and cell phone overuse may result in lower levels of social skills and encourage isolation from peers. Less clear is whether the duration of computer-mediated communication (CMC) influences adolescent perception of their social skills competency or emotional health. This research was guided by the social cognitive theory, which suggests that social self-efficacy (SSE), the belief that they have the skills to engage successfully with others in conversation and social activities, develops from mastery experiences that regulate thought, motivation, and action. This quantitative cross-sectional survey design utilized a convenience sample of 49 adolescents ages 11-19, living in Austin County, TX, to examine the impact of CMC duration on adolescent SSE, social anxiety, and depression. Regression analyses indicated CMC duration did not significantly affect SSE, social anxiety, or depression at the p <. 05 level. Computer-mediated communication duration did influence SSE at the p = .07 level, suggesting a trend toward statistical significance. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction at the p < .05 level when CMC restriction severity was tested as a moderator in the CMC duration-SSE relationship. These findings suggest that the interaction between CMC duration and restrictions may influence social self-efficacy. Additional research on the relationship between CMC and adolescent psychosocial health would be helpful, particularly using larger and more generalizable samples. This study may inform the efforts of authority figures to adolescents, specifically, on the ways in which technological changes affect adolescent social development and will help to ensure that adolescents are safe, psychologically healthy, and able to maintain healthy relationships.