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BakgrundI drygt två år har världen levt och anpassat sig till Covid-19. Ett virus slog ut och skakade om hela det globala samhället på ett sätt som ingen kunde förutse. Myndigheter, regioner och kommuner har genomfört olika insatser sedan pandemin blev allt mer omfattande och folkhälsomyndigheten i Sverige bar det övergripande ansvaret för att skydda befolkningen från smittsamma sjukdomar på ett effektivt sätt (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2021). Inom sjukvården har Covid-19 medfört omställningar iresurser och nya förutsättningar har gjorts för att kunna anpassa sig. Samverkan och förnyelse har varit två ledande begrepp inom hälso- och sjukvården, för att bland annat kunna göra snabba förändringar i organiseringen och arbetssättet. (Skr, 2021). SyfteSyftet med studien är att skapa en tydligare förståelse om hur covid-19 har påverkat och förändrat ledarskapet inom sjukvården. Detta inkluderar hur ledarskapet såg ut innan pandemin samt hur det ser ut just nu. Studien syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur sjukhusen hanterar en kris och att i förebyggande syfte kunna använda sig av arbetets resultat inför kommande kriser. Metod I studien har en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod i form av intervjuer använts. Syftet och frågeställningarna som studien grundar sig på kräver djupa och utförliga svar från respondenterna och med det förklaras valet av metoden. I jämförelse med kvantitativa undersökningsmetoder som fokuserar på statistiska siffror och förklaringar av det, så fokuserar kvalitativa undersökningsmetoder mer på den sociala verkligheten och dess förståelse (Bryman och Bell, 2017) Resultat/Slutsats En av sakerna som respondenterna hade gemensamt var förmågan att få med sig sina medarbetare i förändringen och engagera dem. Förändringen som skedde i samband med pandemin var ingen självvald förändring utan de var tvungna att anpassa sig och omstrukturera för att sjukhusen skulle kunna ta hand om covidpatienter.Den genomgående förändringen som alla respondenter uppgav under intervjun var den snabba omställningen. / BackgroundFor just over two years, the world has been living and adapting to Covid-19. A virus struck out and shook the entire global community in a way that no one could foresee. Authorities, regions and municipalities have implemented various measures since the pandemic became increasingly extensive and the Public Health Agency of Sweden bore the overall responsibility for protecting the population from infectious diseases in an effective way (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2021). In healthcare, Covid-19 has led to changes in resources and new conditions have been made to be able to adapt. Collaboration and renewal have been two leading concepts in health and medical care, in order to, among other things, be able to make rapid changes in organization and working methods. (Skr, 2021) Purpose The purpose of the study is to create a clearer understanding of how COVID-19 has affected and changed leadership in healthcare. This includes what leadership looked like before the pandemic as well as what it looks like right now. The study aims to contribute with knowledge about how hospitals handle a crisis and to be able to use the results of the work for future crises for preventive purposes. Method In the study, a qualitative survey method in the form of interviews has been used. The purpose and questions on which the study is based require deep and detailed answers from the respondents and this explains the choice of the method. In comparison with quantitative survey methods that focus on statistical figures and explanations of it, qualitative survey methods focus more on social reality and its understanding. (Bryman and Bell, 2017) Results/ Conclusion One of the things the respondents had in common was the ability to bring their employees into the change and engage them. The change that took place in the context of the pandemic was not a self-selected change, but they had to adapt and restructure in order for hospitals to be able to take care of covid patients. The consistent change that all respondents stated during the interview was the rapid change.

This paper investigates the importance of electrical stimulation (E-Stim) treatment pre- exercise, during exercise, and post-exercise on knee pain management and exercise performance on individuals with knee injuries. Common problems from which individuals experience pain and injuries are arthritis, ACL tears, and osteoarthritis. One therapeutic approach to address the pain has been electrical stimulation. This is a non-invasive treatment that introduces electrical currents into the injured tissue or muscle. However, there are several modalities of electrical stimulation treatment that include Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), and Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (PENS). These treatments have the same goal: to provide a non-invasive method to stimulate the muscles and nerves to aid the healing process. Throughout this research, the populations targeted were females and males with age ranging from adolescents to older adults. The subjects were 15 – 75 years of age and had experienced knee injuries. They included athletes, older adults with osteoarthritis, and those who required arthroplasty. Between January 2023 and April 2024, the review of literature was conducted using UCF Libraries, PubMed, (MedLine), and SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost). Keywords used included “TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) *”, “NMES (Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation) *”, “osteoarthritis (OA)*”, Electrical Stimulation (E- Stim) *”, “knee injuries*”, “pain management*”, “before exercise*”, “after exercise*” and “during exercise*”. The results from these studies suggested that the application of e-stim was favored either during or after exercise.

In this study, the utilization of palliative care services, acute care services, and location of death for clients who were palliative and receiving services from Champlain Community Care Access Centre (CCAC) in Ontario during their last month of life were investigated. An adaptation of Andersen?s Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization provided context and structure to this study. This is an historical, quantitative descriptive study using chart audits for data collection. The data on CCAC clients who were palliative and who died during the month of July 2009 were tracked during their last month of life. Collection of socio-demographic data, services provided through CCAC, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and location of death provided the data for this study. The clients who died at home used more CCAC services than those who died at other locations and frequently community palliative care physicians provided their medical care. The findings of this study included: 1) The majority of the clients, who expressed a preference, died in their preferred location. 2) The role of community palliative care physicians was an important component of the services that supported the clients to die in their location of choice. 3) Over 25% of the study sample died in a hospital and the clients used a large number of in-patient hospital days with one quarter of the hospital deaths taking place in an emergency department or an intensive care unit. 4) During the last month of life, 25% of the clients received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. 5) The clients who died at home used more CCAC services than those who died in other locations and who used institutional resources. The implications for practice, policy, research, and education are discussed.

In this study, the utilization of palliative care services, acute care services, and location of death for clients who were palliative and receiving services from Champlain Community Care Access Centre (CCAC) in Ontario during their last month of life were investigated. An adaptation of Andersen?s Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization provided context and structure to this study. This is an historical, quantitative descriptive study using chart audits for data collection. The data on CCAC clients who were palliative and who died during the month of July 2009 were tracked during their last month of life. Collection of socio-demographic data, services provided through CCAC, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and location of death provided the data for this study. The clients who died at home used more CCAC services than those who died at other locations and frequently community palliative care physicians provided their medical care. The findings of this study included: 1) The majority of the clients, who expressed a preference, died in their preferred location. 2) The role of community palliative care physicians was an important component of the services that supported the clients to die in their location of choice. 3) Over 25% of the study sample died in a hospital and the clients used a large number of in-patient hospital days with one quarter of the hospital deaths taking place in an emergency department or an intensive care unit. 4) During the last month of life, 25% of the clients received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. 5) The clients who died at home used more CCAC services than those who died in other locations and who used institutional resources. The implications for practice, policy, research, and education are discussed.

In this study, the utilization of palliative care services, acute care services, and location of death for clients who were palliative and receiving services from Champlain Community Care Access Centre (CCAC) in Ontario during their last month of life were investigated. An adaptation of Andersen?s Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization provided context and structure to this study. This is an historical, quantitative descriptive study using chart audits for data collection. The data on CCAC clients who were palliative and who died during the month of July 2009 were tracked during their last month of life. Collection of socio-demographic data, services provided through CCAC, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and location of death provided the data for this study. The clients who died at home used more CCAC services than those who died at other locations and frequently community palliative care physicians provided their medical care. The findings of this study included: 1) The majority of the clients, who expressed a preference, died in their preferred location. 2) The role of community palliative care physicians was an important component of the services that supported the clients to die in their location of choice. 3) Over 25% of the study sample died in a hospital and the clients used a large number of in-patient hospital days with one quarter of the hospital deaths taking place in an emergency department or an intensive care unit. 4) During the last month of life, 25% of the clients received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. 5) The clients who died at home used more CCAC services than those who died in other locations and who used institutional resources. The implications for practice, policy, research, and education are discussed.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore how participants' language use during counseling (overall emotional expression, positive emotional expression, and communal coping, or "we-talk") was associated with superior adjustment, as measured by four psychosocial outcome variables (depression, positive affect, negative affect, and relationship satisfaction); as well as to identify the key concerns of dyads with cancer, how concerns differed by role and sex, and if they were associated with participants' well-being. The present study was a content analysis of the counseling sessions of 43 dyads (N = 86) with breast and prostate cancer. Using a multi-method approach, the audio recordings of 228 counseling sessions were transcribed and analyzed linguistically (quantitatively) and thematically (qualitatively).Results of the linguistic analyses revealed that participant's use of "we-talk" had the most consistent and beneficial effect on outcomes; specifically improved depression, negative affect, and relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that it might not be as important how much a person expresses themselves emotionally, but rather, whether they have a close relational partner that they see as an instrumental part of their coping process and significantly intertwined in their life, which is reflected in their language use of communal coping.Results of the thematic analyses revealed that survivors' concerns were more focused on cancer and treatment related issues, whereas partners' concerns centered on the well-being of their spouse/partner with cancer, and what they were doing to help their loved one cope with his/her illness. The overarching key concern that was intertwined in participants' discourse was frequent discussion of relationship maintenance, negotiation, and communication issues. In addition, discussion of these concerns showed greatest benefits for women with breast cancer.The findings of this study has implications for counselors and clinicians in that language use and topics discussed during counseling have the potential to increase psychosocial adjustment for dyads coping with cancer. The general discourse of survivors mirrored that of their partners, which indicates that helping to modify or change how one person speaks, has the potential to influence how their partner talks as well; which has implications for the well-being of both dyad members.

The following thesis focuses on the topic of the system of writing "Comenia Script", used by the pupils of the third grade of basic schools. The thesis consists - as usual - of two parts: a theoretical one and a practical one. The theoretical part deals with the school tuition of writing, the differences in the teaching of analytic- synthetic and genetic method, and forming of the individual handwriting. A substantial part focuses on the central theme, the Comenia Script (the circumstances of its origin, its shape characteristics, the course of its experimental testing, and current researches). The next chapter concerns itself with the scales designated for assessment of the writing (Matějček, Zelinková, Veverková). In the practical part we introduce the assessing scale of Jana Veverková (2011), adapted by us. By the means of this scale we were assessing the written expressions of ninety pupils using Comenia Script. At the same time, the pupils were taught by the analytic-synthetic or genetic method of reading and writing tuition, therefore we were able to compare the results also from the point of view of both methods. The aim of this thesis is to describe the typical written expression of a pupil using the Comenia Script and also adapting the Veverková assessment scale (2011), so that it convenes for...

Porovnanie právnej úpravy zabezpečenia v oblasti tehotenstva a materstva v ČR a SR Diplomová práca rozoberá zabezpečenie v tehotenstve a v materstve v dvoch štátoch a to v ČR a SR a následne ho porovnáva. Cieľom tejto diplomovej práce je analyzovať a porovnať súčasnú právnu úpravu zabezpečenia v tehotenstve a materstve z pohľadu práva sociálneho zabezpečenia a s pohľadu pracovného práva v ČR a SR Práca je členená do piatich kapitol. Prvá kapitola popisuje historický vývoj sociálneho zabezpečenia na území ČR a SR so zameraním na zabezpečenie v tehotenstve a materstve. Druhá kapitola nás uvádza do systému sociálneho zabezpečenia stručne definuje jednotlivé systémy, prvky právnych vzťahov a charakterizuje jednotlivé sociálne udalosti ako tehotenstvo, pôrod, materstvo, nezaopatrenosť dieťaťa. Tretia kapitola rozoberá oblasť nemocenského poistenia postupne v ČR a SR. V prvej časti kapitoly popisuje systém nemocenského poistenia v daných krajinách a následne ho porovnáva. Druhá časť kapitoly je venovaná jednotlivým dávkam nemocenského poistenia a ich vzájomnej komparácií. Štvrtá kapitola je zameraná na zabezpečenie v oblasti tehotenstva a materstva v systéme Štátnej sociálnej podpory a porovnaniu jednotlivých dávok, ktorých cieľom je hmotne zabezpečiť rodiny s malými deťmi. Posledná kapitola je venovaná...

OF THE THESIS Name: Mgr. Markéta Šídová Specialization: Adiktologie Head of the thesis: Mgr. Lenka Šťastná, Ph.D. Pages: 145 The name of thesis: Tobacco smoking and motivation to change in relation to pregnancy Abstract: Background: The pregnancy gives the smoking women the opportunity to change their attitude to smoking tobacco. In the Czech Republic is still missing a study describing the motivation to change smoking specifically in connection with pregnancy. Goals: Describe the basic motivation to stop smoking by pregnant women. Methods: Quantitative survey. The questionnaire consists of four sections (anamnesis, gathering information about smoking during pregnancy, motivation to change smoking behaviour, Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence). Motivation section is inspired by Reasons for Quiting Scale (RFQ). Evaluation using the descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical tests. File: The study analyses two sets of pregnant women - electronic (collection via web form, N = 96) and clinical (collection from the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine and VFN, N = 40). The files are divided into 4 subgroups according to the current smoking behaviour. Results: Most women in both groups do not smoke and have never smoked or stopped in connection with pregnancy....