The Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) is currently in the process of establishing a heritage route and tour through Mamelodi. The route includes a number of sites considered to important in terms of cultural or historical significance. These sites form part or a journey through Pretoria where visitors are to experience accounts and sites of the freedom struggle. Tshwane is branding itself as a city of learning, freedom and trying to give weight to the fact that it is the administrative capital of South Africa. Moretele Park is the current venue for jazz festivals in Mamelodi and forms a part of the heritage route. Festivals are organised by the park authorities in conjunction with a private organising body and various sponsors. The stage is always a temporary structure comprising of scaffolding and cladding. It is usually positioned on an embankment between the Moretele and Pienaars Rivers, facing the park with the mountain as backdrop. The festival remains popular, drawing crowds from all over the country. For the rest of the year, the park is used as a recreational facility or as a destination for school trips. Its facilities include a water slide and swimming pool, braai areas, an unused hall, various ablutions around the park and a for the jazz festivals. There is clearly a need to upgrade some of these facilities, particularly the hall and an opportunity also exists to formalise the facilities for the jazz festivals. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Blokland, J 2006,Moretele Park, MArch(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07102007-094744 / > / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

Public transportation is important today due to all the problems connected to the use of cars. To avoid these problems like pollution and traffic jams people need to use the public transportation systems more frequently. Many people today are used to the idea of their cars as a primary way of transportation due to the flexibility it provides. To make them think twice before using the car they need to find a sustainable and flexible substitute to the car, maybe public transportation could be that. This thesis aims to identify possibilities for development in the public transportation system. To do so some inhabitants in the municipality of Österåker have been interviewed about their opinion towards the public transportation. The results from the interviews have been thematically coded to be able to find common themes within the answers. The results show that the public transportation system is sufficient to use when commute to and from work, but not adequate enough within the municipality during leisure time or trips for service. This could mirror the opinions of the interviewed inhabitants that the public transportation is time consuming and lack flexibility. To work around these the municipalities and the public transportation companies need to work together to be able to change people’s views and behavioral towards the public transportations.

The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the application of a participatorydevelopment approach in Stokholm, Bortkyrka, and Värmdo local municipalities in Stockholm County in Sweden. The reason for chosen municipalities in Sweden is because Sweden is relatively an advanced country with an established infrastructure and democracy to necessitate an advanced level in participatory development approach. This study examined participatory strategies and interventions within the context of development communication and how they are used to engage citizens in community-based development initiatives. I used a participatory theory to answer the following question “To what extent do local municipalities apply a participatory approach in their community development initiatives?By applying appropriate methods, a comprehensive understanding of how municipalities apply a participatory approach in development initiatives was explored and analyzed. The study findings indicate that participatory development approach is still unclear, and it is at a rudimentary stage in the municipalities studied, and that although community participation in development initiatives in the municipalities align with the concept of development communication, there is still a lack of comprehensive aapreciation of participatory development in the context of communication for development (ComDev).Therefore, the lack of clarity on how participatory approach is understood and applied plays a fundamental role in retarding the realization of the full potential of participatory development approach.

Thesis (M. Dev. (Development Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This study examines the way cooperatives operate and particularly how these poverty alleviation projects impacts on poverty in Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality (LNLM). The study also assessed the significance of government interventions contributing to the role the cooperatives play in alleviating poverty in LNLM. The research methodology used for this study involved both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data was collected using questionnaires whereby the researcher conducted one-on-one interviews to administer them. The interviewees were composed of officials from the three spheres of government and the members of the cooperatives in the chosen area of study. The various international and local literatures relating to cooperatives were reviewed. The key findings of this study revealed that cooperative enterprises in the municipality can alleviate poverty especially leveraging on interventions, such as training, specific funding and skills development for the cooperatives which will assist the cooperative to grow and to be more sustainable. It has also shown that members in cooperatives have been able to support their families to meet their basic needs despite the pressing conditions under which cooperatives operate. Some of the key recommendations proposed include: firstly, that government should create awareness amongst cooperatives on what are the national funding,and how this funding operates; secondly, that government should market the funding opportunities and clearly explain to the cooperatives how the schemes work and how they will assist in the operations of the cooperatives in order to avoid misconceptions; and thirdly and most importantly, the monitoring and evaluation by the state on cooperatives funding programmes should be conducted on a regular basis.

This study was done in the rural areas of uThukela District in KwaZulu-Natal. The objectives were to determine pig production and management practices used by farmers in rearing pigs in rural areas; to establish the role of pigs in social and economic lives of the people; and to characterize and determine constrains and opportunities of pig farming in rural areas. A farming systems approach was used in conjunction with a cross-sectional survey method using a structured questionnaire in face-to-face interviews with farmers for the collection of data. The study involved 4 local rural municipalities with a population of 4205 people who owned 2555 pigs. The sample size was 533 pig farmers/respondents. The data included the demographic characteristics of pig farmers, pig production and management practices, the role of pigs in both the social and economic lives of people and the constraints and opportunities of pig farming. The data were analyzed to determine simple means and frequencies. The results showed that 20% of pigs were reared in intensive systems and 80% in extensive systems in the district. Each village owned an average of 5 pigs. There were more female respondents (60%) than males, and also female respondents owned more (65%) pigs than males. Most of respondents (99%) were Zulu speaking people and only 1% was from other cultural groups. Majority of the respondents (74%) were unemployed, 16% were pensioners and only 10% were employed. Those who were employed kept more pigs than the other groups. Over one third of the respondents had primary (34.5%) and secondary (35.3%) education; and 2.7% had college education, while 27.5% had no formal education at all. Sixty-two percent of the older respondents between the age of 46 and 65 years kept more pigs than younger farmers. The collective incomes of the communities from salaries, pensions, and sales of livestock and crops per annum were substantial. The average land size per household ranged from 0.01 ha to 56 ha. Male respondents owned more land (1.68 ha) than female respondents (0.96 ha). Similarly, employed people owned more land (2.49 ha) than pensioners (1.26 ha) and the unemployed people (1.04 ha). Respondents kept other livestock species such as cattle, sheep, goats and chickens. Ninety percent of households kept chickens in addition to cattle (53%) and goats (49.3%). They also grew crops such as maize, potatoes, vegetables (cabbage, spinach, tomatoes, carrots, beetroots and onions) and fruits (peaches, apples and grapes). They kept pigs for home consumption (63%), source of income (33%), source of manure (3%) and for other reasons (1%). More employed people (68%) sold pigs for extra income, while 91% pensioners and 81% unemployed people used pigs for home consumption. Marketing channels included pension pay points, abattoirs, butcheries and neighbourhoods. Abattoir sales accounted for 10% and the most common venues were Amblecyte (40%) and Cato Ridge (27%). Selling of pigs occurred throughout the year, with the peak in winter (May/July). Majority of farmers (59%) used their own transport to deliver pigs to the selling points or they used contractors (41%). Pigs were sold at the age of 5 to 18 months old. Farmers sold live pigs and pork to the communities. Some farmers sold live pigs only, while others sold pork only or both pork and live pigs. Religion and culture had little influence on pig farming. Most farmers (88%) had no religious or cultural influences, while 7% were influenced by religion and 1% was influenced by culture. The most preferred meat among the communities was chicken meat, followed by beef, pork, mutton and chevon. Half of the respondents had >6 years of experience in pig farming, 34.9% had 2 – 5 years of experience and 14.8% were beginners. The breeds of pigs kept in the district included indigenous breeds, Large White, Landrace, Duroc and crosses of indigenous breeds with Large White and Landrace. Farmers bought breeding stock within their communities or they selected breeding stock from their own herds. Very few farmers have ever received any type of training in pig farming. The training was provided by the KZN Provincial Government, Zakhe Agricultural College and private farms. The training took 2-3 days of workshops, 2-3 weeks of short courses or 3-6 months of hands-on training on private farms. The training improved the performance of sows within the communities. Only 41% of farmers practised controlled stock breeding, which improved the farrowing rate and litter size. About one third (32%) of farmers bred their gilts at 6 – 8 months, while 21.2% bred them at 8-12 months, and 29% bred them after 12 months. The farrowing rate of indigenous sows was one litter per annum compared with the majority of Landrace and Duroc sows that farrowed twice a year. Some farmers (28%) reported that they routinely observed farrowing, while 72% of them said they never knew when the sows farrowed until they saw sows and new litters coming back to their pens after grazing in the veld. The litter sizes varied from ≤ 7 to ≥ 10. Half of the indigenous sows farrowed ≤ 7 piglets per litter, while 41% had 8-10 piglets; compared with 49% Large White and 44% Duroc that farrowed 8-10 and ≥ 10 per litter, respectively. Majority of farmers (66.1%) did not wean their piglets at all, which was associated with low farrowing rate. However, farmers who sold weaners for income weaned their piglets between 3 weeks and 3 months. This was associated with higher farrowing rate of sows. Piglet mortality was mainly due to worm infestation (26%), loss of hair (13%), lice and mange infestation (16.4%) and diarrhoea (5.6%). Despite that only 10% of farmers consulted the local Department of Veterinary Services. Some farmers (44.2%) said that they did not know that they could make use of Veterinary services, and 28% of them said it was a waste of time. Majority of farmers (80%) used home kitchen swill and brewer’s grains to feed their pigs. Only 16% of farmers bought commercial feeds and 2% fed them on maize grains and vegetables. Commercial feeds were bought from Farm Save (48%), Afgri (19%) and Epol (7%). Some farmers (65.4%) weighed feed before feeding, while 35% did not weigh feed at all. Water was provided at feeding time, ad libitum or several times a day. Farmers disposed of carcasses by eating them, feeding to their dogs, or throwing them away. Over half of the farmers (52%) did not take carcasses for post mortem, while 26% did not know that they could send carcasses for post mortem and 20% said they could not afford the cost. The study concluded that pigs have a vital social and economic role in the lives of the rural people of KZN for income generation and household consumption. The main constraints are wide spread poverty and lack of management skills in pig production, nutrition, health,housing and management. Government intervention is necessary to help farmers to improve pig production and management as a means of poverty alleviation and household food security. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / All around the world, graduate youths are experiencing increasing high number of unemployment, compared to older people of the labour force. This rising rate of unemployment amongst graduate youths has been noticed since the global financial crisis. In South Africa, youth unemployment is on the rise, which leads to social, economic and political challenges. Graduate youth unemployment is crippling the economy of South Africa. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the experiences, causes and consequences of unemployment amongst graduate youth in Ga-Kgapane Limpopo province of South Africa, with an objective to provide concrete recommendations on the ways in which the public and private sectors can tackle challenges of graduate youth unemployment. In the study, a qualitative approach was used to collect data and to analyse data. 13 participants who met the criteria was selected using purposive sampling.

As a result of the significant increase of migrants coming to Sweden in 2015, the Swedish government has increased the strategies on integration within agencies and municipalities in the country. Integration through sports is one of these methods. To summarize, previous research on sports as an integration method shows that sports can be viewed as a field for meetings between differentiated ethnic groups. Integration in this matter measures by how well the migrants familiarize and adapt to Swedish society and the cultural norms and values within Sweden. The aim of this upcoming interview-study is to examine how a Swedish municipality explain their method of integration through sports, performed by non-profit sports associations. Municipality workers, viewed through previous sociological research and theories, tend to idealize the image of how they value their work. However this doesn’t necessarily add up with the actually performed work. Because non-profit associations form the integrative sports activities, one could argue that there is in fact a split opinion between what municipalities aims to do themselves, and what is achieved by external resources incorporated in the municipalities guidelines. This is therefor the subject that the upcoming study aims to examine. However, in contrast to previous research on the field, this study examines the question; how is integration through sports designed and what challenges has come with it?, rather than further investigating how well integration is achieved through sports.

The presented diploma thesis called Management of Debt of a Selected City deals with the evaluation of the management and indebtedness of the statutory city of Zlín in years 2012-2016. The first part focuses on the theoretical principles and concepts which relate to this area. Subsequently, the work characterizes the statutory city of Zlín and analyses the economy, the indebtedness and the current situation of the city. At the end of this thesis there are proposed the possible measures leading to better debt management.

The goal of my master‘s thesis is to project a municipality with an attached library in the town Leopoldov. The municipality building has two aboveground floors and the library is designed as a single-floor structure. Both are designed to be barrier-free. The construction system is made out of limestone-sand blocks. The ceilings are mostly made out of prestressed ceiling panels, except for the first floor of the municipality, where the prestressed panel ceiling is combined with monolithic ceiling plates made out of reinforced concrete. The roof of the library is projected as a green roof with a terrace and the municipality has a flat deck roof with river gravel.

Bibliography: leaves 135-145 / Climate Change poses a great risk to our future as species on Earth. The impacts thereof will have far reaching consequences on every aspect of our daily lives and ultimately on our ability to survive and thrive as humans. It is therefore important, particularly in urban areas where most of the human population live, for the investment of resources and expertise into mitigating these impacts and ensuring the resilience of urban areas. The urban forest provides climate change mitigation benefits for urban areas through carbon sequestration. In order to encourage investment and protection of the urban forest, this benefit must be quantified and afforded a monetary value. This study calculated the amount of carbon dioxide sequestrated by the Jacaranda mimosifolia street tree in the City of Tshwane and afforded this amount a monetary value in both South African Rands and American Dollars through the South African Carbon Tax Bill. This study followed the baseline study by Stoffberg (2006) looking at how much carbon dioxide had been sequestrated by the Jacaranda trees over the past 15 years post the baseline study and what monetary value do the trees now have through legislation that was not available during the baseline study. The study also observed the variables that may have affected the amount of carbon dioxide sequestrated by the trees. Although some areas saw a drop in the Total Carbon Dioxide Equivalent sequestrated since 2004, the total amount for the whole city remained stable. Through the Carbon Tax Bill, the value of these trees has increased significantly encouraging the municipality to invest in the maintenance and protection of the Jacaranda street trees in the City of Tshwane in order to preserve their carbon sequestration benefits / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental management)