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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Caracterização morfológica e funcional de sensila gustativa da quelícera de Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) / The gustatory sensilla chelicerae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: ixodidae)

Soares, Sara Fernandes 29 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-06T16:58:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sara Fernandes Soares - 2012.pdf: 2842867 bytes, checksum: dff92fa87ddeabaa7f16510a5ac58f11 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-06T17:07:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sara Fernandes Soares - 2012.pdf: 2842867 bytes, checksum: dff92fa87ddeabaa7f16510a5ac58f11 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T17:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sara Fernandes Soares - 2012.pdf: 2842867 bytes, checksum: dff92fa87ddeabaa7f16510a5ac58f11 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Rhipicephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite of domestic dogs which can also be found in other mammals, including humans. It has high medical and veterinary importance, given that it can transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Boutonneuse fever in humans and babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in dogs. The main control method to this tick is the use of chemical acaricides which, over the years, has selected resistant tick populations to these products. To develop strategies to control this tick, it is necessary to know its ecology. Electrophysiological techniques are important tools in the study of substances that interfere with the behavior of animals. In this study, the existence of gustatory sensilla on the chelicerae of R. sanguineus was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the electrophysiological responses of the neurons present in this sensilla in nonfed ticks to substances with the potential to act as phagostimulant, such as salts (KCl and NaCl), sugars (glucose, sucrose and fructose), the nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) and two purine (guanine and hypoxanthine) were assessed. Phytoecdysteroids (PES), compounds analogous to ecdysteroids, known as the molting hormones in arthropods, were also tested in electrophysiology. The PES ecdysone (E), 20-hidroxyecdysone (20E), ponasterone A (PonA), makisterone A (MakA), inokosterone (Inok) and Pterosterone (Pte) were tested on nonfed and fed ticks. To evaluate the influence the PEs identified as active in electrophysiology on feeding behavior of R. sanguineus, attachment bioassays in vivo were proceeded. The images obtained with SEM revealed the existence of a pore in the inner digit of the chelicerae, involved in taste perception in these ticks. The results obtained in electrophysiology showed strong activity of R. sanguineus cheliceral neurons to glucose and GSH, at concentrations above 10-4 M, to ATP from 10-2 M, and salts from 10-1 M. The action potentials observed in response to ATP at all used concentrations (from 10-6 M to 10-2 M), and to KCl at 1 M were from different neurons, while the action potentials to the other potentially phagostimulant stimuli were from a single neuron. Considering the responses to PEs in nonfed ticks, MakA and Pte triggered action potentials frequencies greater than the negative control, with detection thresholds of 10-6 M and 10-12 M, respectively. The action potentials amplitudes for these substances as well as for 20E and PonA were higher than those for the control, indicating the activity of a different neuron from that observed for the negative control. In fed ticks, only Pte at 10-4 M remained active. In the behavior assays, there was no difference in attachment between PEs and the control and no interference in the biological parameters was observed. The results obtained in this study showed the ability of R. sanguineus to detect in their cheliceral taste sensilla substances with different natures, as potential phagostimulants and PEs. Further studies in this area are needed to elucidate the role of these substances in the chemical ecology of these ticks. / Rhipicephalus sanguineus é um ectoparasita de cães domésticos, também encontrado em outros mamíferos, inclusive no homem. Tem elevada importância nas medicinas humana e veterinária, podendo transmitir agentes patogênicos causadores de doenças, como as febres botonosa e maculosa em humanos e a babesiose e a erliquiose em cães. Seu controle é feito com o uso de acaricidas químicos, o que, ao longo do tempo, selecionou populações deste carrapato resistentes a estes produtos. Para a elaboração de estratégias de controle deste carrapato é necessário conhecer sua ecologia. Técnicas eletrofisiológicas são ferramentas importantes na identificação de substâncias que interferem no comportamento de animais. Neste trabalho foi investigada a existência de sensilas gustativas nas quelíceras de R. sanguineus por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Também se avaliou a resposta eletrofisiológica dos neurônios destas sensilas, em carrapatos não alimentados, a substâncias com potencial para efeito fagoestimulante, tais como sais (KCl e NaCl), açúcares (glicose, sacarose e frutose), o nucleotídeo trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) e o tripeptídeo glutationa reduzida (GSH), assim como purinas (guanina e hipoxantina). Fitoecdisteróides (FES), compostos análogos aos ecdisteróides, conhecidos como hormônios da muda em artrópodes, foram igualmente avaliados pela eletrofisiologia. Foram empregados carrapatos antes e após a alimentação e os seguintes FEs: ecdisona (E), 20-hidroxiecdisona (20E), ponasterona A (PonA), makisterona A (MakA), inokosterona (Inok) e pterosterona (Pte). Para avaliar a interferência, no comportamento de alimentação de R. sanguineus, dos FEs que foram identificados ativos na eletrofisiologia, foram empregados testes de fixação in vivo. As imagens obtidas com a MEV evidenciaram a existência de um poro no dígito interno das quelíceras, envolvido na percepção gustativa, nesses carrapatos. Os resultados obtidos com a eletrofisiologia revelaram forte atividade de neurônios quelicerais de R. sanguineus à glicose e à GSH, em concentrações acima de 10-4 M, ao ATP, a partir de 10-2 M, e aos sais a partir de 10-1 M. Os potenciais de ação observados em resposta ao estímulo com ATP, em todas as concentrações empregadas (de 10-6 M a 10-2 M), e ao KCl a 1 M foram oriundos de diferentes neurônios, enquanto que aos demais estímulos potencialmente fagoestimulantes foram provenientes de um único neurônio. Quanto aos FEs, em carrapatos não alimentados, MakA e Pte desencadearam frequências de potenciais de ação superiores ao controle negativo, com limiares de detecção de 10-6 M e 10-12 M, respectivamente. As amplitudes dos potenciais de ação para estas substâncias bem como para 20E e PonA foram maiores que as do controle, indicando a atividade de um neurônio diferente do observado para o controle negativo. Nos carrapatos após alimentação, somente Pte à 10-4M permaneceu ativa. Nos testes comportamentais, não houve diferença de fixação entre os tratamentos com FEs e com o controle negativo e nem interferência do FEs nos parâmetros biológicos avaliados. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo evidenciaram a capacidade de R. sanguineus em detectar, em suas sensilas gustativas quelicerais, substâncias de diferentes naturezas, como potenciais fagoestimulantes e FEs. Mais estudos nesta área são necessários visando esclarecer o papel destas substâncias na ecologia química destes carrapatos.
42

Identification of Heat Shock Factor Binding Sites in the Drosophila Genome

Gonsalves, Sarah E. 12 December 2012 (has links)
The heat shock response (HSR) is a highly conserved mechanism that enables organisms to survive environmental and pathophysiological stress. In Drosophila, the HSR is regulated by a single transcription factor, heat shock factor (HSF). During stress, HSF trimerizes and binds to over 200 loci on Drosophila polytene chromosomes with only nine mapping to major heat shock (HS) inducible gene loci. The function of HSF binding to the other sites in the genome is currently unknown. Some of these sites may contain yet unidentified “minor” HS genes. Interestingly, the binding of HSF also coincides with puff regression at some sites. Two such sites contain the major developmentally regulated genes Eip74 and Eip75: key regulators in the response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the main hormone responsible for the temporal co-ordination of post-embryonic development in Drosophila. Previous work in our and other labs indicates that the regression of non-HS puffs during the HSR is dependent on the presence of functional HSF. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by hybridization to genome tiling arrays (Chip), I have identified 434 regions in the Drosophila Kc cell genome that are bound by HSF during HS, and have determined that 57% of these sites are located within the transcribed regions of genes. By examining the transcriptional response to HS in Kc cells and third instar larvae using expression microarrays, I found that only about 10% of all genes within 1250 bp of an HSF binding site are transcriptionally regulated by HS and many genes whose transcript levels change during HS do not appear to be near an HSF binding site. Furthermore, genes with an HSF binding site within their introns are significantly enriched (modified Fisher Exact p-value between 2.0x10-3 and 1.5x10-6) in gene ontology terms related to developmental processes and reproduction. Using expression microarray technology, I characterized the transcriptional response to 20E and its structural analog ponasterone A. I have identified multiple HSF binding sites within Eip74 and Eip75, and show that induction of the HSR correlates with repression of these genes and all other 20E-inducible genes. Taken together, this work provides a basis for further investigation into the role of HSF binding to sites not associated with HS genes and its possible function as a repressor of gene transcription during conditions of stress and as a regulator of developmental genes under stress and non-stress conditions.
43

Die Auswirkungen von 20-Hydroxyecdyson (β-Ecdyson) im Vergleich zu 17-β-Östradiol auf den Knochenaufbau und Knochenstoffwechsel der Ratte als Modell für die postmenopausale Osteoporose der Frau / Effects of 20-Hydroxyecdysone (β-Ecdysone) compared to Estradiol on the bone substance and bone metabolism in ovarectomized rats as a model for the osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Dettmer, Birthe 05 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
44

Identification of Heat Shock Factor Binding Sites in the Drosophila Genome

Gonsalves, Sarah E. 12 December 2012 (has links)
The heat shock response (HSR) is a highly conserved mechanism that enables organisms to survive environmental and pathophysiological stress. In Drosophila, the HSR is regulated by a single transcription factor, heat shock factor (HSF). During stress, HSF trimerizes and binds to over 200 loci on Drosophila polytene chromosomes with only nine mapping to major heat shock (HS) inducible gene loci. The function of HSF binding to the other sites in the genome is currently unknown. Some of these sites may contain yet unidentified “minor” HS genes. Interestingly, the binding of HSF also coincides with puff regression at some sites. Two such sites contain the major developmentally regulated genes Eip74 and Eip75: key regulators in the response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the main hormone responsible for the temporal co-ordination of post-embryonic development in Drosophila. Previous work in our and other labs indicates that the regression of non-HS puffs during the HSR is dependent on the presence of functional HSF. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by hybridization to genome tiling arrays (Chip), I have identified 434 regions in the Drosophila Kc cell genome that are bound by HSF during HS, and have determined that 57% of these sites are located within the transcribed regions of genes. By examining the transcriptional response to HS in Kc cells and third instar larvae using expression microarrays, I found that only about 10% of all genes within 1250 bp of an HSF binding site are transcriptionally regulated by HS and many genes whose transcript levels change during HS do not appear to be near an HSF binding site. Furthermore, genes with an HSF binding site within their introns are significantly enriched (modified Fisher Exact p-value between 2.0x10-3 and 1.5x10-6) in gene ontology terms related to developmental processes and reproduction. Using expression microarray technology, I characterized the transcriptional response to 20E and its structural analog ponasterone A. I have identified multiple HSF binding sites within Eip74 and Eip75, and show that induction of the HSR correlates with repression of these genes and all other 20E-inducible genes. Taken together, this work provides a basis for further investigation into the role of HSF binding to sites not associated with HS genes and its possible function as a repressor of gene transcription during conditions of stress and as a regulator of developmental genes under stress and non-stress conditions.
45

Regulation of Ecdysone 20-Monooxygenase Activity in the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta and the Apparent Occurrence of this Activity in Ascaris suum (Nematoda)

Drummond, Christopher Anson 14 March 2011 (has links)
No description available.
46

Die Wirkung von Vitamin D in Kombination mit Ecdyson und Östrogen auf Uterus und Mamma der ovarekomierten Ratte / The Effect of Vitamin D in Combination with Ecdysone and Estrogen on Uterus and Mammary Gland of Ovariectomized Rats

Hingst, Ulrike 17 July 2019 (has links)
No description available.
47

Die Wirkung von 20-OH-Ecdyson auf Osteoporose und das Fett im Kniegelenk im Zusammenhang mit dem Metabolischen Syndrom. / The effects of 20-OH-Ecdysone on osteoporosis and fat in the knee joint in connection with the metabolic syndrome.

Sunder-Plassmann, Marie 18 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
48

Cultura de tecidos e produção de b-ecdisona em pfaffia glomerata e pfaffia tuberosa (amaranthaceae) / Tissue culture and b-ecdysone production of pfaffia glomerata and pfaffia tuberosa (amaranthaceae)

Flores, Rejane 06 October 2006 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Many biotechnological techniques have been formed by new tools to the study of medicinal plants and for the production of homogenous and productive biomass. This work aimed to examine aspects of morphogenesis and callogenesis in Pfaffia glomerata and Pfaffia tuberosa as well as to evaluate the production of β-ecdysone in micropropagated plants, clones and calli in vitro. Nodal segments of two accessions (BRA and JB-UFSM) of P. glomerata were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. In relation to P. tuberosa the process of disinfection, multiplication and acclimatization of the plants was studied. Studies referring to the induction of callus, organogenesis and embryogenesis were conducted using medium supplemented with auxins and cytokinins. Roots and aerial parts of the micropropagated plants, clones regenerated by indirect organogenesis and calli in vitro were analysed in relation to production of β-ecdysone by high efficiency liquid chromatography. Micropropagation proved to be a viable method for the production of P. glomerata plants on a commercial scale. The BRA accessions presented higher multiplication rate and β-ecdysone content when compared to JB-UFSM. Nodal segments of P. tuberosa showed an absence of microorganisms and a high survival rate after being washed with various disinfecting solutions. Better results in relation to micropropagation in this species were registered in medium with 1μM of thidiazuron, followed by subcultivation of shoots in medium without thidiazuron, where the plants showed excellent development and good adaptation to ex vitro conditions. After cultivation in the field, the β-ecdysone content found in these plants was similar to that found in wild plants in vivo. It was found that, in both studied species, the aerial parts of the plants accumulated a greater β-ecdysone content when compared to roots. Calli from nodal segments of P. glomerata showed differences in consistency, morphogenic potential and β-ecdysone content, depending on plant growth regulators concentrations added to the nutritive medium. In general, the production of this metabolite in the calli appear to be associated with the friable consistency and regeneration of shoots. In P. tuberosa the β-ecdysone content varied among the friable calli depending on the concentration of auxin and appear to be dependent on the regeneration of shoots. The P. glomerata calli presented a low plant regeneration frequency; the plants (clones) regenerated from calli presented normal morphology, but differed in relation to β-ecdysone content. In P. tuberosa several clones were regenerated from friable calli in medium MS with auxin or auxin and cytokinin. On the other hand, root explants formed embryogenic calli in medium MS with auxin and cytokinin. These biotechnological strategies involving cultivation techniques in vitro together with the dosage of β-ecdysone are pioneer studies for the genus and could be useful for the propagation and genetic breeding of these species of Brazilian ginseng. / Diversas técnicas biotecnológicas têm se constituído em novas ferramentas para o estudo de plantas medicinais, bem como para a produção de biomassa homogênea e produtiva. Em função disso, este estudo teve como objetivo estudar aspectos da morfogênese e a calogênese de Pfaffia glomerata e Pfaffia tuberosa e avaliar a produção de b-ecdisona em plantas micropropagadas, clones e calos in vitro. A micropropagação de acessos (BRA e JBUFSM) de P. glomerata foi conduzida a partir de segmentos nodais em meio nutritivo Murashige e Skoog (MS). Em P. tuberosa, estudou-se o processo de desinfestação, multiplicação e aclimatização das plantas. Estudos referentes à indução de calos, organogênese e embriogênese foram conduzidos em meio MS suplementado com auxinas e citocininas. Raízes e as partes aéreas das plantas micropropagadas, plantas (clones) regeneradas via organogênese indireta e calos cultivados in vitro foram analisados em relação ao conteúdo de b-ecdisona em cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A micropropagação mostrou ser um método adequado para a produção de mudas de P. glomerata, em escala comercial. O acesso BRA apresentou uma maior taxa de propagação em meio MS e um maior teor de b-ecdisona quando comparado ao acesso JB-UFSM. Segmentos nodais de P. tuberosa apresentaram ausência de microrganismos e uma alta taxa de sobrevivência após lavagens com várias soluções desinfestantes. Melhores resultados em relação à micropropagação nesta espécie foram registrados em meio MS acrescido de 1 μM de TDZ, seguido do subcultivo dos brotos em meio MS isento de fitoreguladores, no qual as plantas apresentaram excelente desenvolvimento e uma ótima adaptação às condições ex vitro. Após cultivo no solo, o teor de β-ecdisona encontrado nessas plantas foi similar ao encontrado em plantas nativas in vivo. Constatou-se que, em ambas as espécies estudadas, as partes aéreas das plantas acumularam um maior teor de β-ecdisona quando comparado ao sistema radicular. Calos de P. glomerata apresentaram diferenças quanto à consistência, potencial morfogênico e produção de b-ecdisona dependendo das concentrações dos fitoreguladores adicionados ao meio nutritivo. Em geral, a produção desse metabólito nos calos parece estar associada à consistência friável e a regeneração de brotos. Em P. tuberosa, o teor de β-ecdisona variou entre os calos friáveis organogênicos dependendo da concentração de auxina adicionada ao meio nutritivo; além disso, a presença de β-ecdisona nos calos parece ser dependente da regeneração de parte aérea. Os calos de P. glomerata apresentaram um baixa frequência de regeneração de brotos; as plantas (clones) regeneradas a partir dos calos apresentaram morfologia normal, mas diferiram quanto ao conteúdo de β-ecdisona. Em P. tuberosa, vários clones foram regenerados a partir de calos friáveis formados em meio MS com auxina ou auxina e citocinina. Por outro lado, explantes radiculares formaram calos embriogênicos apenas quando cultivados em meio com citocinina e auxina. Estas estratégias biotecnológicas envolvendo técnicas de cultivo in vitro juntamente com o doseamento de β-ecdisona são pioneiras para o gênero e poderão ser úteis para a propagação e o melhoramento dessas espécies de ginseng brasileiro.
49

Obtenção de saponinas de raízes de ginseng brasileiro (Pfaffia glomerata) por extração dinâmica a baixa pressão assistida por ultrassom / Obtaining saponins from Brazilian ginseng roots (Pfaffia glomerata) by dynamic low-pressure solvent extraction assisted by ultrasound

Vardanega, Renata, 1988- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Maria Angela de Almeida Meireles, Diego Tresinari dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:14:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vardanega_Renata_M.pdf: 2211548 bytes, checksum: 6075d57c9fcfd91ae66badca9ff3939a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Espécies do gênero Pfaffia (Amaranthaceae) têm sido comercializadas como substitutas para Panax (ginseng, Araliaceae) e em função da morfologia similar de suas raízes são popularmente conhecidas como ginseng brasileiro. Dentre as espécies de Pfaffia conhecidas, a Pfaffia glomerata é a mais importante, uma vez que esta é a única que possui o composto ?-ecdisona, o qual representa a saponina de maior interesse desta planta, devido a seus efeitos terapêuticos. Atualmente, cápsulas contendo extratos de P. glomerata são comercializadas sob indicação de auxiliar da memória e tônico. Além destas indicações, as raízes desta planta apresentam teores expressivos de saponinas (10-17%), o que faz com que o extrato das raízes de P. glomerata apresente um grande potencial para aplicação como emulsificante/surfactante. Comercialmente, extratos de P. glomerata são obtidos por percolação em leito fixo, no entanto, com baixos rendimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter um extrato de ginseng brasileiro (P. glomerata) rico em saponinas empregando o processo de extração por percolação a baixa pressão, o qual é um processo de extração já estabelecido comercialmente, sob a assistência do ultrassom, que vem se destacando como uma técnica emergente na melhoria de processos de extração. Deste modo, as variáveis resposta estudadas foram o rendimento global de extração (X0) e as propriedades emulsificantes/surfactantes dos extratos obtidos: Índice de emulsificação (E24) e redução da tensão superficial da água (RTSA); os parâmetros avaliados foram: método de extração (percolação, PE; percolação assistida por ultrassom durante toda extração, PEU; percolação assistida por ultrassom durante o início da extração, PEUI e percolação assistida por ultrassom com pulsos, PEUP), temperatura (40 e 60°C) e solventes (água; etanol:água [35:65, v/v]; etanol:água [70:30, v/v], isopropanol:água [35:65, v/v] e isopropanol:água [70:30, v/v]). As condições de extração que proporcionaram maiores valores de X0 (62,8%), E24 (54,4%) e RTSA (36,3%) foram água, 60°C, PEUP; isopropanol:água (70:30, v/v), 60°C, PEUP e isopropanol:água (70:30, v/v), 60°C, PEUI, respectivamente. Estas condições foram selecionadas para estudo cinético e obtenção de parâmetros cinéticos ajustados que mostraram que, quando água foi empregada como solvente de extração sob ultrassom, obteve-se a maior recuperação de extrato com menor tCER (período de taxa de extração constante). Portanto, a condição de extração com água, 60°C, PE, representa a condição ótima em termos de rendimento. Ainda, realizou-se a quantificação do teor de ?- ison nos xtr tos o ti os n s in ti s on o t v -s -14% (base seca) de ?-ecdisona nos extratos das raízes de P. glomerata. A condição de extração que proporcionou os extratos com maior teor de ?-ecdisona foi a isopropanol:água (70:30), 60°C, PEUI, comprovando a maior seletividade de extração da mistura de solventes isopropanol:água (70:30, v/v), já que este foi também o solvente que apresentou extratos com maiores propriedades surfactantes. Portanto, pode-se concluir que ao final deste estudo, ao empregar o método de percolação em leito fixo assistida por ultrassom no início da extração utilizando isopropanol:água (70:30) como solvente de extração a 60°C, obteve-se uma condição de extração otimizada que fornece extratos das raízes de P. glomerata com alta recuperação de compostos bioativos / Abstract: Species of the genus Pfaffia (Amaranthaceae) have been commercialized as substitute to Panax (ginseng, Araliaceae). Due to the similar morphology of its roots to those of ginseng, they are popularly known as Brazilian ginseng. Among the species of Pfaffia, the P. glomerata is the most important because it is the only one that contains ?- ecdysone; which is the most important saponin from this plant due their therapeutic effects. Nowadays, capsules containing P. glomerata roots extracts are commercialized under indication to of improving the memory and as a tonic. Besides these indications, the P. glomerata roots exhibit expressive saponins content (10-17%); therefore, its extract can potentially be used as an emulsifier/ surfactant. Commercially, P. glomerata roots extracts are obtained by low-pressure solvent extraction in fixed bed extractors, however, with low yields. The aim of this study was to obtain an extract from Brazilian ginseng roots (P. glomerata) rich in saponins applying the process of low-pressure solvent extraction, which is an extraction process commercially established, assisted by ultrasound ; ultrasound assisted extraction is an emerging technique used to improve extraction process. The effects of the following parameters were evaluated on the overall extraction yield (X0) and surfactant properties (Emulsification index, E24 and reduction of water surface tension, RTSA) of P. glomerata roots extracts: extraction method (percolation, PE; ultrasound assisted percolation during the entire process, PEU; ultrasound assisted percolation at the beginning of the process, PEUI and ultrasound assisted percolation with pulses, PEUP), temperature (40 and 60°C) and extracting solvents (water, ethanol:water [35:65], ethanol:water [70:30], isopropanol:water [35:65] and isopropanol:water [70:30]). The extraction conditions that provided higher values to X0 (water, 60°, PEUP), E24 (isopropanol:water [70:30], 60°C, PEUP) and RTSA (isopropanol:water [70:30], 60°C, PEUI) were selected for the kinetic study; the kinetic parameters were estimated fitting the experimental data to a linear spline with 3 straight lines. The kinetic parameters showed that when water was used as extracting solvent assisted by ultrasound, the higher extract recovery was obtained with the shortest tCER (constant extraction rate period). Therefore, the extraction condition with water, 60°C, PEUP is the optimum condition with respect to the X0. The content of ?-ecdysone was evaluated on the extracts obtained from kinetic study. The content of ?-ecdysone in the P. glomerata roots xtr ts w r -14% (dry base, d.b.). The extraction condition that provided the higher extraction of ?-ecdysone was that using isopropanol:water [70:30], 60°C, PEUI; the extracts with the best surfactant properties were obtained in this extracting condition . Therefore, it was concluded that applying ultrasound at the beginning of process using IsoC3OH:water (70:30) as extracting solvent at 60°C, was the optimized extraction condition to obtain extracts from P. glomerata roots / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos
50

Regulation of Dronc Transcription by the Hippo and Ecdysone Pathways in Drosophila Melanogaster

Gangwani, Karishma 11 August 2022 (has links)
No description available.

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