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In 2003, the Centre for Operations Excellence at the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Business worked on a project for a company in the resort industry. The project was an initial attempt to develop and implement a pricing management practice for the ski lift ticket business of that company. Our main deliverable was the development of an Excel-based tool with a user-friendly interface that could help the company in their budgeting of the ski lift ticket business. After completing the project, we did some further investigation relative to pricing management techniques that could be applied to this sort of business, namely a congestible service industry. In this thesis we argue that a revenue management system could bring substantial benefits if implemented in this industry. We also identify the requirements and main features of a revenue management system applied to congestible service industries. Although revenue management is a very popular system in fields such as the airline, hotel and car rental industry, none of them can be classified as congestible industries. The ski lift ticket industry and similar industries possess one characteristic that differentiates them from the ones previously mentioned, there is no fixed capacity. This is the reason why we considered important to study the application of revenue management in congestible service industries. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

The present thesis provides a definite answer to the question of how comparisons of certain aggregate quantities and price levels should be made across two or more geographic regions. It does so from the viewpoint of both economic theory and the “test” (or “axiomatic”) approach to index-number theory. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the problem of multilateral interspatial comparisons and introduces the rest of the thesis. Chapter 2 focuses on a particular domain of comparison involving consumer goods and services, countries and households in developing a theory of international comparisons in terms of the the (Kontis-type) cost-of-living index. To this end, two new classes of purchasing power parity measures are set out and the relationship between them is explored. The first is the many-household analogue of the (single-household) cost-of-living index and, as such, is rooted in the theory of group cost-of-living indexes. The second Consists of sets of (nominal) expenditure-share deflators, each corresponding to a system of (real) consumption shares for a group of countries. Using this framework, a rigorous exact index- number interpretation for Diewert’s “own-share” system of multilateral quantity indexes is provided. Chapter 3 develops a novel multilateral test approach to the problem at hand by generalizing Eichhorn and Voeller’s bilateral counterpart in a sensible manner. The equivalence of this approach to an extended version of Diewert’s multilateral test approach is exploited in an assessment of the relative merits of several alternative multilateral comparison formulae motivated outside the test-approach framework. Chapter 4 undertakes an empirical comparison of the formulae examined on theoretical grounds in Chapter 3 using an appropriate cross-sectional data set constructed by the Eurostat—OECD Purchasing Power Parity Programme. The principal aim of this comparison is to ascertain the magnitude of the effect of choosing one formula over another. In aid of this, a new indicator is proposed which facilitates the measurement of the difference between two sets of purchasing power parities, each computed using a different multilateral index-number formula. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Orientador: Andrea Leda Ramos de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coleti_JamiledeCampos_M.pdf: 1844896 bytes, checksum: fb90b28591da8ca58b2f1af7db9e288b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A busca por fontes de energia renováveis tem aumentado a demanda mundial de etanol. O Brasil ocupa a posição de segundo maior produtor mundial de etanol, porém os custos para transportar essa produção são cada vez mais altos. Estima-se que os custos de transportes podem representar até 30% do valor total do produto para cargas agrícolas. Isto posto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar as alternativas de transporte do etanol frente às condições logísticas vigentes no Brasil. Para tanto, propõe-se um modelo de equilíbrio parcial na forma de um Problema de Complementaridade Mista (PCM) aplicado ao etanol. Avaliaram-se três cenários distintos: o primeiro é o cenário base com rotas de transporte utilizando o modal rodoviário e intermodal; já o segundo estimou-se uma redução de 15% no valor do frete ferroviário; e no terceiro inclui-se novos projetos dutoviários em curso no país. O Cenário 3 apresentou os melhores resultados em termos de volume de comercialização, com um aumento de 0,20% em relação ao cenário base, indicando que os projetos viários que priorizam a intermodalidade, sobretudo através da dutovia, implicam em reduções no custo de transporte e conferem uma melhoria na eficiência do sistema logístico. Destaca-se também, que as hipóteses de intermodalidade dos cenários 2 e 3 refletiram-se em ganhos de competitividade no mercado internacional, isso porque 100% das rotas com destino ao mercado externo são intermodais, conclui-se então, que a intermodalidade acaba apresentando custos de transporte reduzidos e portanto, mostra-se mais competitiva / Abstract: The search for renewable energy sources has been increasing the global demand for ethanol. Brazil holds the position as the second largest world producer of ethanol, but the costs to transport this production are increasingly high. It is estimated that transport costs can represent up to 30% of the total value of the product for agricultural loads. That said, this study aimed is to analyze the ethanol transportation alternatives front to the logistics conditions prevailing in Brazil. To this end, it is proposed a partial equilibrium model as a Mixed Complementarity Problem (PCM) applied to ethanol. It was evaluated three different scenarios: the first it is a baseline scenario with shipping routes with road and intermodal modal, the second estimated that the 15% reduction in the value of rail freight and the third is included new pipelines projects in course in the country. The Scenario 3 presented the best results in terms of marketing volumes, with an increase of 0.20% compared to baseline, indicating that the road projects that priorize intermodality, especially through the pipeline, implying reductions in the cost of transport and provide an improvement in efficiency the logistics system. Also noteworthy is that the chance of intermodal scenarios two and three reflected in gains in competitiveness in the international market, this because 100% of the routes to the foreign market are intermodal, it is concluded that, intermodality just showing reduced transport costs and therefore shows to be more competitive / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientadores: Akebo Yamakami, Andréa Leda Ramos de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T15:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_BrunaFernandaRibeiro_M.pdf: 1669041 bytes, checksum: d3337eb372e887e3b715336a0456fdd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A produção de milho no Brasil, juntamente com a de soja, contribui significativamente para a economia nacional. O milho tem grande parte de sua produção voltada para o abastecimento interno, utilizado tanto para a indústria de alimentos quanto, principalmente, para ração animal. Recentemente, as exportações desse cereal vêm sendo realizada em quantidades expressivas e contribuindo para maior sustentação dos preços internos do milho. Porém, os principais mercados consumidores do milho brasileiro estão localizados na Ásia e as principais regiões produtoras estão distantes dos portos exportadores, percorrendo longas distâncias para chegar ao seu destino. Dessa forma, os custos com transportes e armazenagem são os principais fatores que limitam o potencial competitivo do milho brasileiro. Este trabalho parte da hipótese de que a redução nos custos com transportes é capaz de promover o aumento da competitividade do milho no cenário internacional e tal feito será possível através da prática da intermodalidade. A proposta é utilizar um modelo de equilíbrio espacial de programação quadrática para otimizar a distribuição logística do milho brasileiro. Para tal, foram utilizados dados reais para elaboração de três Cenários. Os resultados no Cenário 1, é obtido através da realidade praticada pelo setor e os principais gargalos para escoamento da produção. Já os resultados obtidos nos demais Cenários, aos quais foram adicionadas possíveis rotas futuras e viáveis, demonstraram uma redução de custos logísticos. A conclusão que se pode obter, é que com investimentos nas rotas futuras e viáveis, haverá uma grande melhora no sistema logístico além de confirmar a hipótese de que a redução desses custos aumentará a competitividade do milho nacional diante do mercado externo / Abstract: Corn production in Brazil, along with soy, contributes significantly to the national economy. Maize has much of its production for domestic supply, used for both the food industry and mainly for animal feed. Recently, exports of cereals are being held in reasonable amounts and contributing to greater support of domestic corn prices. However, major Brazilian corn consumer markets are located in Asia and the main producing regions are distant from exporting ports, traveling long distances to get to your destination. Thus, the costs of transport and storage are the main factors that limit the competitive potential of the Brazilian corn. This work on the assumption that the reduction in transport costs is able to promote increased competitiveness of corn on the international scene and such a feat is possible through the practice of intermodality. The proposal is to use a spatial equilibrium model of quadratic programming to optimize the distribution logistics of Brazilian corn. To do this, actual data used to compile three scenarios. The results in Scenario 1, obtained by reality practiced by the industry and the main bottlenecks for transportation of production. However, the results obtained in other scenarios, to which were added and possible future viable routes, have shown reduced logistics costs. The conclusion that one can get, is that with investments in future routes and viable, there will be a great improvement in the logistics system in addition to confirming the hypothesis that the reduction of these costs will increase the competitiveness of the Brazilian corn on the foreign market / Mestrado / Automação / Mestra em Engenharia Elétrica

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / One of the assumptions of conventional regression analysis is I that the parameters are constant over all observations. It has often been suggested that this may not be a valid assumption to make, particularly if the econometric model is to be used for economic forecasting0 Apart from this it is also found that econometric models, in particular, are used to investigate the underlying interrelationships of the system under consideration in order to understand and to explain relevant phenomena in structural analysis. The pre-requisite of such use of econometrics is that the regression parameters of the model is assumed to be constant over time or across different crosssectional units.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第19164号 / 経博第518号 / 新制||経||274(附属図書館) / 32156 / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 西山 慶彦, 准教授 奥井 亮, 准教授 山田 憲 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a methodology for applying econometric models to problems of economic policy, and to illustrate it in terms of fiscal policy by applying it to problems of economic stabilization in Canada during the period 1967-69. It was assumed that the fiscal policy-maker in Canada has a preference (loss) function which is a weighted sum of squared deviations between the actual and the desired values of two target variables (changes in the GNE price deflator and the number of persons unemployed) and three instruments (changes in government expenditure on goods and services, and the personal and corporation income tax rates). Then, an intermediate sized annual econometric model of the Canadian economy was developed, subject to which the preference function was minimized. Since the parameters of the preference function were not given, thirty-six experiments of optimization were made under a range of plausible values of the relevant parameters. It was found that the numerical values of the target variables indicated by the optimal strategy were closer to the desired values and more stable in their movements than actual values. Also the results of various experiments suggested that the optimal strategy was relatively insensitive to changes in parameter values over a rather wide range. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)