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Global poverty alleviation as a duty not to harmMukherji, Anandita 27 November 2018 (has links)
Do global financial institutions and the governments of developed nations owe anything to the global poor? I argue that they do. In my view, the global poor are owed a form of assistance because of the unjust harms imposed upon them. The negative rights of the global poor, which are the rights involving freedom from unjust interference, are consistently violated by the global economic order (GEO). I demonstrate that the causal chain that connects global poverty directly with the policies of institutions like the International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization reveals that the negative rights of the global poor are being violated. These violations occur through the effects of trade policies, unjustified sovereignty, and loan conditions, which serve to trap the poor in inescapable cycles of poverty. I argue that rather than relying on controversial accounts of the positive rights of the poor, and the appeals to charity that follow from them, we can ground the obligation to alleviate global poverty in negative rights, which are more minimal and widely accepted.
My argument establishes that poverty poses a problem even if one does not see inequality as a problem in itself. I argue in support of Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach to poverty, which discusses the effects of poverty as a deprivation of a person’s abilities to do and be what she has reason to value. This approach identifies what is really at the heart of the problem with poverty: a deprivation of the ability to act in ways that allow the expression of basic freedoms, rather than merely a lack of resources or income. The negative rights approach to grounding an obligation to alleviate global poverty has traditionally been based on a conception of wrongdoing as a deprivation of basic needs. However, I contend that wrongdoing should be seen as a deprivation of fundamental capabilities instead. Using capability deprivations as a baseline for wrongdoing presents us with the theoretical resources required to create a foundation for an ecumenical theory of global justice, and the framework within which to demonstrate that the GEO has an obligation to help alleviate global poverty. / 2020-11-27T00:00:00Z
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Inventory Decisions for the Price Setting Retailer: Extensions to the EOQ SettingRamasra, Raynier January 2011 (has links)
Practical inventory settings often include multiple generations of the same product on
hand. New products often arrive before old stock is exhausted, but most inventory models
do not account for this. Such a setting gives rise to the possibility of inter-generational substitution between products. We study a retailer that stocks two product generations and we show that from a cost perspective the retailer is better off stocking only one generation. We proceed with a profit scheme and develop a price-setting profit maximization model, proving that in one and two generation profit models there exists a unique solution. We
use the profit model to show that there are cases where it is more profitable to stock two generations. We discuss utility and preference extensions to the profit model and present the general n-product case.
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A critical assessment of inventory management principles and purchasing routines : Managing packaging material in a process industry / En kritisk granskning av lagerhantering och inköpsrutiner : Hantering av förpackningsmaterial inom en processindustriNederman, Christer, Slogén, Oscar January 2015 (has links)
Inventory management is today seen as more competitive oriented, process oriented and better integrated into the companies than before. But still do several companies run their inventories according a traditional approach. There is therefore a need for some companies to evaluate their inventory management and adapt the new view. There is also a need to adjust for increased focus on sustainability, previous research calls for strategies and tools that include sustainable parameters without lowering the profitability. The purpose with this study is to assess inventory management principles and purchasing routines related to the acquisition of packaging material in a process industry. The study aims to develop a framework for decision makers in inventory management. This framework will be the basis for a support tool incorporating a relatively simple and easy-to-use user interface. This master thesis is performed as a case study research and uses several data collection methods, such as a literature review, observations, and interviews. The findings from the data collection is used to evaluate which impact inventory management has on a company’s profitability, and which basic parameters that could be included in the support tool. The empirical findings show that Barilla Sweden’s current inventory management match the traditional approach, but also that they strive to become more competitive and process oriented in their management of inventories. There is however some constraints in their working strategy that prevents them from taking the next step. Comparison between Barilla Sweden’s current order size and an economical order quantity (EOQ) and just-in-time (JIT) approach is made. The comparison shows that Barilla Sweden has money to save and warehouse space to release with changed order quantities. Adapting a new inventory management approach require review of uncertainties, such as delivery accuracy and forecast changes. It is also necessary to evaluate supplier relations and internal working strategies. The effect of these parameters on inventory management can be noticed in the support tool. The tool compares total costs, average stock, tied capital, and environmental and social consequences between the EOQ model and JIT. The support tool visualizes drawbacks and benefits with different order sizes and has an easy-to-use interface.
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Inventory Decisions for the Price Setting Retailer: Extensions to the EOQ SettingRamasra, Raynier January 2011 (has links)
Practical inventory settings often include multiple generations of the same product on
hand. New products often arrive before old stock is exhausted, but most inventory models
do not account for this. Such a setting gives rise to the possibility of inter-generational substitution between products. We study a retailer that stocks two product generations and we show that from a cost perspective the retailer is better off stocking only one generation. We proceed with a profit scheme and develop a price-setting profit maximization model, proving that in one and two generation profit models there exists a unique solution. We
use the profit model to show that there are cases where it is more profitable to stock two generations. We discuss utility and preference extensions to the profit model and present the general n-product case.
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Mecanismo de regularização de reserva legal por meio de cota de reserva ambiental : a compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileirosDal Bosco, Mateus Rodrigo January 2013 (has links)
O meio ambiente caracteriza-se como elemento intrínseco à atividade econômica desenvolvida pelo Agronegócio. Práticas de uso da terra em imóveis rurais têm um grande impacto sobre o meio ambiente e, simultaneamente, dependem dele para manutenção da atividade produtiva. Assim, o imóvel rural deve compatibilizar produção agrícola e preservação do meio ambiente. Nessa via, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho é analisar o mecanismo de regularização de Reserva Legal por meio de Cota de Reserva Ambiental apresentado pelo Código Florestal, sob a perspectiva de compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileiros, conforme a teoria do Estado de Direito Ambiental (EDA) em face da sociedade de risco e o disposto na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88). Para tanto, o estudo foi desenvolvido com base no método dedutivo, utilizando-se a pesquisa bibliográfico-documental. Assim, o mecanismo, como controle jurídico do recurso natural floresta (Reserva Legal - RL, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural - RPPN, Unidade de Conservação - UC), deve, para atender os preceitos do EDA e da CF/88, efetivamente resultar na proteção dessas. Todavia, observam-se possíveis desequilíbrios ambientais que podem resultar desse mecanismo. Além disso, evidencia-se uma nova proposta - mercado de ativos ambientais – que almeja, por intermédio de fundamentos próprios do capitalismo, inserir um novo modelo para gerir a problemática ambiental. Com efeito, o caráter inovador se visualiza pela inserção do mercado financeiro no sistema de proteção do meio ambiente. Ademais, o mecanismo, de iniciativa do Estado, procura incentivar a participação dos produtores na garantia de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado ao prever a remuneração para aquele que preserva as florestas no seu imóvel rural. Ainda, ao não exigir o encerramento da produção, o mecanismo admite o risco como elemento essencial da atividade econômica e procura equilibrá-lo com a proteção ambiental ao prever a compensação em outra propriedade. Contudo, essa compensação merece atenção e requer regulamentação mais específica, a fim de garantir o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado nos termos constitucionais. Ainda, da análise do disposto no Código Florestal no tocante ao mecanismo de regularização de reserva legal por meio de cota de reserva ambiental depreende-se a possível existência de mercados estaduais de cotas de reserva ambiental no Brasil. Portanto, muitos são os desafios para que tal mecanismo se concretize e reflita na compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileiros. Assim, resta aos estados brasileiros, em regulamentação, nos moldes do previsto pela teoria do Estado de Direito Ambiental em face da sociedade de risco e pela Constituição Federal de 1988 nos artigos 170, 186 e 225, estabelecer critérios para que nos imóveis rurais o domínio privado reflita efetivamente em frutos privados e sociais. / The environment is characterized as intrinsic element to economic activity developed by Agribusiness. Land use practices in rural properties have a big impact on the environment and simultaneously depend on it for maintenance of productive activity. Thus, the rural property must reconcile agricultural production and environmental preservation. In this way, the overall aim of this work is to analyze the mechanism of regularization of Legal Reserve through “Cota de Reserva Ambiental – CRA” presented by the Forest Code, from the perspective of compatibility between economic activity and environmental protection in rural properties in Brazil, according to the theory of the Environmental Rule of Law in the face of risk society and the provisions of the Federal Constitution of 1988. Therefore, the study was developed based on the deductive method, using the documentary library research. Thus, the mechanism as legal control of natural resource forest (Legal Reserve, Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, Conservation Unit), must, to meet the precepts of EDA and CF/88 effectively result in the protection of these. However, there are possible environmental imbalances that can result from this mechanism. Moreover, it is clear a new proposal - market environmental assets - which aims, through their own foundations of capitalism, insert a new model for managing environmental issues. Indeed, the innovative character is viewed by financial market integration in the system of protection of the environment. Moreover, the mechanism of state initiative, seeks to encourage the participation of producers in ensuring a ecologically balanced environment when predicts compensation for one who preserves the forests in their rural property. Still, by not requiring the closure of the production, the mechanism allows the risk as an essential element of economic activity and demand balance it with environmental protection by providing for compensation in another property. However, this compensation deserves attention and requires more specific rules in order to ensure a balanced environment in constitutional terms. Still, the analysis of the provisions of the Forest Code regarding the mechanism of regulation of legal reserves through “Cota de Reserva Ambiental” it appears that there may be markets state of CRA in Brazil. So many are the challenges that such a mechanism to be realized and reflected in the consistency between economic activity and environmental protection in rural properties in Brazil. Thus, complies to the Brazilian states, in regulation, according the predicted by the theory of the Environmental Rule of Law in the face of risk society and by the 1988 Federal Constitution in articles 170, 186 and 225, establish criteria for the private domain in the rural area effectively results in private and social benefits.
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Contribui??o ao estudo da isonomia na tributa??o sob a perspectiva da ordem econ?micaNascimento, Tatiane Dantas 31 July 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The study aims to investigate the limits of state intervention via induction on Economic Order, especially in cases regarding tax equality, through the analysis of their effects on economic development and on free competition from the perspective of economic efficiency and the Constitution. Thus, the work seeks to demonstrate that the achievement of equality in taxation is important in that it strengthens the economic relations in terms of efficiency, protects competition and fosters economic development to reduce regional and social inequalities and other constitutional desiderata. A dissertation is characterized by interdisciplinarity and was divided into two parts. The first is to discuss the legal meaning of equality from the doctrinal analysis of the principle and the relationship between equality and justice in the economic sense without rejecting its philosophical content. It is noteworthy that hermeneutics and the philosophy of language are useful tools for achieving equality in presenting the pragmatic methodologies applicable to the subject in terms of corrective justice. Based on these general assumptions, is going to study the tax equality and their characteristics, the corollary of the ability to pay and its relation to the economic capacity and the issue of progressivity in taxation as an ideal of distributive justice. The second part concerns the legal foundations of Economic Order and its relation to extrafiscality as a means of economic regulation in order to investigate the efficiency of this induction in order to promote economic development, free competition and tax equality itself to reduce inequalities and distributing wealth. Within this context, we investigated the scope of the constitutional principles of economic order, free enterprise and free competition, and favored differential treatment for small and medium enterprises, the issue of regional development for the reduction of regional and social inequalities, the problem the "fiscal war" and finally the efficiency from the perspective of Economic Analysis of Law / O estudo tem por objetivo investigar os limites da interven??o estatal via indu??o na Ordem Econ?mica, especialmente nos casos relativos ? isonomia tribut?ria, atrav?s da an?lise dos seus efeitos no desenvolvimento econ?mico e na livre concorr?ncia sob a ?tica da efici?ncia econ?mica e da Constitui??o. Assim, o trabalho busca demonstrar que a realiza??o da isonomia na tributa??o ? importante na medida em que fortalece as rela??es econ?micas em termos de efici?ncia, protege a concorr?ncia e propicia o desenvolvimento econ?mico para a redu??o das desigualdades regionais e sociais e demais desideratos constitucionais. A disserta??o ? marcada pela interdisciplinaridade e foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira busca apresentar o significado jur?dico da isonomia a partir da an?lise doutrin?ria do princ?pio e da rela??o entre igualdade e justi?a no sentido econ?mico sem recha?ar o seu conte?do filos?fico. Ressalta-se ainda que a hermen?utica e a filosofia da linguagem s?o instrumentos ?teis para realizar a isonomia ao apresentar metodologias pragm?ticas aplic?veis ao tema em termos de justi?a corretiva. Com base nesses pressupostos gerais, passa-se a estudar a isonomia tribut?ria e suas caracter?sticas, o corol?rio da capacidade contributiva e sua rela??o com a capacidade econ?mica e a quest?o da progressividade na tributa??o enquanto ideal de justi?a distributiva. A segunda parte diz respeito aos fundamentos jur?dicos da Ordem Econ?mica e sua rela??o com a extrafiscalidade enquanto meio de regula??o econ?mica a fim de investigar a efici?ncia dessa indu??o no intuito de promover o desenvolvimento econ?mico, a livre concorr?ncia e a pr?pria isonomia tribut?ria no sentido de reduzir as desigualdades e distribuir riquezas. Dentro desse contexto, investigou-se o alcance constitucional dos princ?pios da Ordem Econ?mica, da livre iniciativa e livre concorr?ncia, o tratamento diferenciado e favorecido ?s pequenas e m?dias empresas, a quest?o do desenvolvimento regional para a redu??o das desigualdades regionais e sociais, o problema da guerra fiscal e por fim a efici?ncia sob a ?tica da An?lise Econ?mica do Direito
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Mecanismo de regularização de reserva legal por meio de cota de reserva ambiental : a compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileirosDal Bosco, Mateus Rodrigo January 2013 (has links)
O meio ambiente caracteriza-se como elemento intrínseco à atividade econômica desenvolvida pelo Agronegócio. Práticas de uso da terra em imóveis rurais têm um grande impacto sobre o meio ambiente e, simultaneamente, dependem dele para manutenção da atividade produtiva. Assim, o imóvel rural deve compatibilizar produção agrícola e preservação do meio ambiente. Nessa via, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho é analisar o mecanismo de regularização de Reserva Legal por meio de Cota de Reserva Ambiental apresentado pelo Código Florestal, sob a perspectiva de compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileiros, conforme a teoria do Estado de Direito Ambiental (EDA) em face da sociedade de risco e o disposto na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88). Para tanto, o estudo foi desenvolvido com base no método dedutivo, utilizando-se a pesquisa bibliográfico-documental. Assim, o mecanismo, como controle jurídico do recurso natural floresta (Reserva Legal - RL, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural - RPPN, Unidade de Conservação - UC), deve, para atender os preceitos do EDA e da CF/88, efetivamente resultar na proteção dessas. Todavia, observam-se possíveis desequilíbrios ambientais que podem resultar desse mecanismo. Além disso, evidencia-se uma nova proposta - mercado de ativos ambientais – que almeja, por intermédio de fundamentos próprios do capitalismo, inserir um novo modelo para gerir a problemática ambiental. Com efeito, o caráter inovador se visualiza pela inserção do mercado financeiro no sistema de proteção do meio ambiente. Ademais, o mecanismo, de iniciativa do Estado, procura incentivar a participação dos produtores na garantia de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado ao prever a remuneração para aquele que preserva as florestas no seu imóvel rural. Ainda, ao não exigir o encerramento da produção, o mecanismo admite o risco como elemento essencial da atividade econômica e procura equilibrá-lo com a proteção ambiental ao prever a compensação em outra propriedade. Contudo, essa compensação merece atenção e requer regulamentação mais específica, a fim de garantir o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado nos termos constitucionais. Ainda, da análise do disposto no Código Florestal no tocante ao mecanismo de regularização de reserva legal por meio de cota de reserva ambiental depreende-se a possível existência de mercados estaduais de cotas de reserva ambiental no Brasil. Portanto, muitos são os desafios para que tal mecanismo se concretize e reflita na compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileiros. Assim, resta aos estados brasileiros, em regulamentação, nos moldes do previsto pela teoria do Estado de Direito Ambiental em face da sociedade de risco e pela Constituição Federal de 1988 nos artigos 170, 186 e 225, estabelecer critérios para que nos imóveis rurais o domínio privado reflita efetivamente em frutos privados e sociais. / The environment is characterized as intrinsic element to economic activity developed by Agribusiness. Land use practices in rural properties have a big impact on the environment and simultaneously depend on it for maintenance of productive activity. Thus, the rural property must reconcile agricultural production and environmental preservation. In this way, the overall aim of this work is to analyze the mechanism of regularization of Legal Reserve through “Cota de Reserva Ambiental – CRA” presented by the Forest Code, from the perspective of compatibility between economic activity and environmental protection in rural properties in Brazil, according to the theory of the Environmental Rule of Law in the face of risk society and the provisions of the Federal Constitution of 1988. Therefore, the study was developed based on the deductive method, using the documentary library research. Thus, the mechanism as legal control of natural resource forest (Legal Reserve, Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, Conservation Unit), must, to meet the precepts of EDA and CF/88 effectively result in the protection of these. However, there are possible environmental imbalances that can result from this mechanism. Moreover, it is clear a new proposal - market environmental assets - which aims, through their own foundations of capitalism, insert a new model for managing environmental issues. Indeed, the innovative character is viewed by financial market integration in the system of protection of the environment. Moreover, the mechanism of state initiative, seeks to encourage the participation of producers in ensuring a ecologically balanced environment when predicts compensation for one who preserves the forests in their rural property. Still, by not requiring the closure of the production, the mechanism allows the risk as an essential element of economic activity and demand balance it with environmental protection by providing for compensation in another property. However, this compensation deserves attention and requires more specific rules in order to ensure a balanced environment in constitutional terms. Still, the analysis of the provisions of the Forest Code regarding the mechanism of regulation of legal reserves through “Cota de Reserva Ambiental” it appears that there may be markets state of CRA in Brazil. So many are the challenges that such a mechanism to be realized and reflected in the consistency between economic activity and environmental protection in rural properties in Brazil. Thus, complies to the Brazilian states, in regulation, according the predicted by the theory of the Environmental Rule of Law in the face of risk society and by the 1988 Federal Constitution in articles 170, 186 and 225, establish criteria for the private domain in the rural area effectively results in private and social benefits.
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Mecanismo de regularização de reserva legal por meio de cota de reserva ambiental : a compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileirosDal Bosco, Mateus Rodrigo January 2013 (has links)
O meio ambiente caracteriza-se como elemento intrínseco à atividade econômica desenvolvida pelo Agronegócio. Práticas de uso da terra em imóveis rurais têm um grande impacto sobre o meio ambiente e, simultaneamente, dependem dele para manutenção da atividade produtiva. Assim, o imóvel rural deve compatibilizar produção agrícola e preservação do meio ambiente. Nessa via, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho é analisar o mecanismo de regularização de Reserva Legal por meio de Cota de Reserva Ambiental apresentado pelo Código Florestal, sob a perspectiva de compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileiros, conforme a teoria do Estado de Direito Ambiental (EDA) em face da sociedade de risco e o disposto na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88). Para tanto, o estudo foi desenvolvido com base no método dedutivo, utilizando-se a pesquisa bibliográfico-documental. Assim, o mecanismo, como controle jurídico do recurso natural floresta (Reserva Legal - RL, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural - RPPN, Unidade de Conservação - UC), deve, para atender os preceitos do EDA e da CF/88, efetivamente resultar na proteção dessas. Todavia, observam-se possíveis desequilíbrios ambientais que podem resultar desse mecanismo. Além disso, evidencia-se uma nova proposta - mercado de ativos ambientais – que almeja, por intermédio de fundamentos próprios do capitalismo, inserir um novo modelo para gerir a problemática ambiental. Com efeito, o caráter inovador se visualiza pela inserção do mercado financeiro no sistema de proteção do meio ambiente. Ademais, o mecanismo, de iniciativa do Estado, procura incentivar a participação dos produtores na garantia de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado ao prever a remuneração para aquele que preserva as florestas no seu imóvel rural. Ainda, ao não exigir o encerramento da produção, o mecanismo admite o risco como elemento essencial da atividade econômica e procura equilibrá-lo com a proteção ambiental ao prever a compensação em outra propriedade. Contudo, essa compensação merece atenção e requer regulamentação mais específica, a fim de garantir o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado nos termos constitucionais. Ainda, da análise do disposto no Código Florestal no tocante ao mecanismo de regularização de reserva legal por meio de cota de reserva ambiental depreende-se a possível existência de mercados estaduais de cotas de reserva ambiental no Brasil. Portanto, muitos são os desafios para que tal mecanismo se concretize e reflita na compatibilização entre atividade econômica e proteção do meio ambiente em imóveis rurais brasileiros. Assim, resta aos estados brasileiros, em regulamentação, nos moldes do previsto pela teoria do Estado de Direito Ambiental em face da sociedade de risco e pela Constituição Federal de 1988 nos artigos 170, 186 e 225, estabelecer critérios para que nos imóveis rurais o domínio privado reflita efetivamente em frutos privados e sociais. / The environment is characterized as intrinsic element to economic activity developed by Agribusiness. Land use practices in rural properties have a big impact on the environment and simultaneously depend on it for maintenance of productive activity. Thus, the rural property must reconcile agricultural production and environmental preservation. In this way, the overall aim of this work is to analyze the mechanism of regularization of Legal Reserve through “Cota de Reserva Ambiental – CRA” presented by the Forest Code, from the perspective of compatibility between economic activity and environmental protection in rural properties in Brazil, according to the theory of the Environmental Rule of Law in the face of risk society and the provisions of the Federal Constitution of 1988. Therefore, the study was developed based on the deductive method, using the documentary library research. Thus, the mechanism as legal control of natural resource forest (Legal Reserve, Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, Conservation Unit), must, to meet the precepts of EDA and CF/88 effectively result in the protection of these. However, there are possible environmental imbalances that can result from this mechanism. Moreover, it is clear a new proposal - market environmental assets - which aims, through their own foundations of capitalism, insert a new model for managing environmental issues. Indeed, the innovative character is viewed by financial market integration in the system of protection of the environment. Moreover, the mechanism of state initiative, seeks to encourage the participation of producers in ensuring a ecologically balanced environment when predicts compensation for one who preserves the forests in their rural property. Still, by not requiring the closure of the production, the mechanism allows the risk as an essential element of economic activity and demand balance it with environmental protection by providing for compensation in another property. However, this compensation deserves attention and requires more specific rules in order to ensure a balanced environment in constitutional terms. Still, the analysis of the provisions of the Forest Code regarding the mechanism of regulation of legal reserves through “Cota de Reserva Ambiental” it appears that there may be markets state of CRA in Brazil. So many are the challenges that such a mechanism to be realized and reflected in the consistency between economic activity and environmental protection in rural properties in Brazil. Thus, complies to the Brazilian states, in regulation, according the predicted by the theory of the Environmental Rule of Law in the face of risk society and by the 1988 Federal Constitution in articles 170, 186 and 225, establish criteria for the private domain in the rural area effectively results in private and social benefits.
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Free Markets, Human Rights, and Global Power: American Foreign Policy and the North-South Dialogue, 1971-1982Franczak, Michael Edward January 2018 (has links)
Thesis advisor: James E. Cronin / Thesis advisor: Seth Jacobs / Under the banner of a New International Economic Order (NIEO), in the 1970s a coalition of developing countries forced the U.S. and other rich nations to revisit the terms of the post-World War II economic settlement through comprehensive global negotiations. This dissertation argues that this economic showdown reshaped U.S. foreign policy and made global inequality a major threat to American national security. Using newly available sources from presidential libraries, the personal papers of cabinet members and ambassadors, and interviews with former National Security Council officials, it demonstrates how the NIEO and accompanying “North-South dialogue” negotiations became an inflection point for some of the greatest economic, political, and moral crises of the 1970s, including the end of “Golden Age” liberalism and the return of the market, the splintering of the Democratic Party and the building of the Reagan coalition, and the role of human rights in foreign policy. U.S. policy debates and decisions in the North-South dialogue, it concludes, were pivotal moments in the histories of three ideological trends—neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and human rights—that would form the core of America’s post-Cold War foreign policy. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.
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A economia da estagflação e a ordem econômica constitucionalNunes, Sergio José Zeri 05 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-05 / This study aims to analyze the economics of stagflation, extremely deleterious condition characterized by the presence of stagnation of the economy associated with high inflation,
thus it is a situation of great macroeconomic imbalance, with significant social implications, and interest in law. Initially, this research will study the theme through the economic field. In
this way, the analysis of inflation side of the disorder denotes impact on price stability, arbitrary redistribution of resources, wage disorder, discouragement of savings and investments, in addition to imply increased interest rate, and negative influence on economic growth in the long run. The recessive side demonstrates reduced production of goods and services, fall of social welfare, non-use of productive resources, and increase of
unemployment. After, the analysis will be made of its interaction with science of law, through constitutional paradigm. This correlation shows contrast between this situation and the
constitutional economic order, with opposition to its fundamentals of human labor and free enterprise, to its purposes of dignified existence and social justice, and contrasts with the
constitutional economics principles of sovereignty, free competition, consumer protection, reduction of regional and social inequalities, pursuit of full employment and favorable
treatment for small businesses. This research will investigate the related economic policies. Inadequate policies are etiologic factors for Stagflation, in this way, as all state actions, are
subject to limits and controls, especially constitutional. Finally, this study will discuss the interrelationship between economic policy, stagflation and development. The macroeconomics of stagflation is the polar opposite of a development macroeconomics, so governments should implement economic policies that combat stagflation and boost development. / O presente estudo visa analisar a economia da estagflação, condição extremamente nociva, caracterizada pela presença de estagnação da economia associada à inflação alta; deste modo
configura-se como situação de grande desequilíbrio macroeconômico, com importantes repercussões sociais, e de interesse ao Direito. Inicialmente, esta pesquisa estudará o tema
através da visão da ciência econômica. Sob este prisma, a análise do polo inflacionário do distúrbio denota impacto sobre a estabilidade dos preços, desordem salarial, redistribuição
arbitrária de recursos, desestímulo à poupança e a investimentos, além de implicar aumento de juros, com influência negativa no crescimento econômico a longo prazo. O polo recessivo demonstra redução da produção de bens e serviços, queda do bem-estar social, não aproveitamento de recursos produtivos, e tendência ao desemprego. Posteriormente, será feita análise de sua interação com o Direito, por meio do paradigma constitucional. Esta correlação demonstra contraposição entre esta conjuntura e a Ordem Econômica Constitucional, com oposição aos fundamentos de valorização do trabalho humano e da livre iniciativa, às finalidades de existência digna e de justiça social, bem como se contrapõe aos princípios econômico-constitucionais da soberania, livre concorrência, defesa do consumidor, redução das desigualdades regionais e sociais, pleno emprego e tratamento favorecido para as empresas de pequeno porte. A presente pesquisa ainda irá investigar as políticas econômicas correlacionadas. Políticas inadequadas são fatores etiológicos para estagflação; assim, como todos os atos do Estado, são sujeitas a limites e controles, especialmente jurídicoconstitucionais. Por fim, este estudo discutirá a inter-relação entre políticas econômicas,
estagflação e desenvolvimento. A macroeconomia da estagflação é o polo oposto de uma macroeconomia do desenvolvimento, portanto, os governos devem aplicar políticas
econômicas que combatam a primeira e impulsionem o desenvolvimento.
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