This study was done with the objective of helping families that produce poultry to market their product. Therefore, we determined that it is important to develop a strategic marketing plan to help producers reach their sales targets. As such, this research is focused on the development of chapters that sustain and support the importance and benefits that will be achieved through the development and execution of the plan. This will help with the satisfaction of demand expectations. The first chapter shows the theoretical framework, which explains basic concepts about diagnosis, marketing plan, marketing, projects, chicken broilers, and other related topics. In other words, making use of the scientific theory related either directly or indirectly to the thesis. After being classified and cautiously analyzed, this information allowed the realization of the theoretical framework, which is the basis and foundation of the thesis. The second chapter explains a strategic situational diagnosis that was developed through a field study. After determining the population under investigation in the field study, researchers identified the strengths and weaknesses of the production families as well the Benson Institute, a party interested in the project. The third chapter deals with market research, which was used to estimate the supply and the portion of the demand possibly left unmet. The fourth chapter contains the proposal of this thesis along with proposed marketing strategies focused on the 4 P's of marketing. In addition, other useful marketing strategies are covered such as building a storage facility in a strategic place. Chapter five covers financial and economic factors and presents the economic situation related to sales, estimated costs, projected expenditures, and free cash flow. Furthermore, it contains an analysis of some economic indicators. In chapter six, the impacts generated by this thesis are identified using a scanning matrix. Finally, the last part contains the respective conclusions and recommendations based on the research done.

The alfalfa harvest in Ecuador constitutes one of the most important activities, especially as a primary product for animal feeding. The crop is widely distributed in the mountain region of the country. It is important to have studies on the production systems, which facilitate a real and compete vision of those characteristics that interact among them in the agricultural production. With this knowledge it will be possible to look for the most adequate solutions to the conditions of the area where alfalfa is produced. The objectives of the study reported herein were: 1. To make an agricultural, social and economical diagnosis in the community of El Troje, San Luis Parish, Riobamba Canton, Province of Chimborazo. 2. To identify the production system used by the farmers to harvest alfalfa in El Troje community.

This investigation was accomplished in the Experimental Station Tunshi Productive Unit Sheep Goat, located to an altitude of 2747 m.s.n.m. and with an average temperature of 13.1°C, it located to 8 kilometers of Riobamba route to Licto and in the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Cattle Sciences Faculty of the Espoch, during 120 days (November of 1998 to February of 1999). The principal objective was that of to evaluate the effect terapeutics of the plant Spigelia anthelmia against parasitesinternal in lambs, for something which is 20 lambs native males with ages that fluctuated of 6 to 9 months, these animals stayed in estabulación fed with forage of good quality (alfalfa + ray grass) and concentrated. Then of the period of adjustment were effected exams coprologycs quantitative to determine the load parasites initial, then was them applied 4 treatments with 5 repetitions each one, the experimental unit was 1 lamb. For the evaluations of PGI, they were studied the days 1,2,3,4,5,6,15,30,45,60 subsequent to the application; to determine the percentages of efficiency against PGI were studied the days 15, 30, 45 and 60; to determine the efficiency to combat Pulmonary Parasites were evaluated the days 15,30 and 60 subsequent to the application. The laboratory techniques that were employed were that of Mc Master, Flotation, Sedimentation, Migration. The obtained results were submitted to the techniques of the ADEVA and Contrast Ortogonals at the levels of probabilities of 0.05 and 0.01, establishing that the alcaloide Spiegilina contained in the Spigelia anthelmia produced a decrease of HPG of PGI without arriving to zero, this effect would be caused by the decrease of the female adult, its action in eggs, juvenile states, adult males is done not know; this plant did not show positive effects against PP; they were not observed sound effects. For it previously exposed is recommended to prove this plant in different forms of preparations and in not ruminant addressee and to evaluate findings post – mortem and Productive Parameters. To prefer the Panvermín L front to the Virbamec by the cost for the gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites treatment in lambs native.

Hoy en día la alfabetización no es sólo aprender a leer y escribir, es adquirir competencias para un efectivo desempeño social y productivo de las personas en la sociedad, por ello se ha definido tres tipos de analfabetismos: analfabetismo cultural, emocional y tecnológico (Freire, 2008; Arantxa González, 2017; Jiménez, 2004; Khvilon & Patru, 2002). Así, las competencias digitales también definidas como el espectro de habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes que facilitan el uso de dispositivos digitales, la aplicación de la comunicación y las redes para acceder a la información, crear e intercambiar contenidos y su aplicación efectiva y crítica frente a un propósito determinado, son parte esencial de la esta nueva gama de alfabetismos para que un ciudadano aprenda y se desenvuelva en la nueva era digital y sociedad del conocimiento (Esteve & Gisbert, 2013; UNESCO, 2018). Las universidades son organismos complejos que más allá de tener el rol de generador y difusor de conocimiento son consideradas como los principales catalizadores del desarrollo regional y local (Ariel González, 2012; Hanson et al., 2017), por lo que son los llamados a catalizar las competencias digitales en los estudiantes y proporcionar mejores oportunidades de incorporación y adaptación al campo laboral para sus estudiantes (Arias et al., 2014; Benavides & Pedró, 2007). En el contexto latinoamericano esto esta muy lejos de la realidad, estudios han evidenciado que ellos gobiernos dan prioridad a invertir en infraestructura en la academia más que a atender el proceso educativo como tal, por lo que el desarrollo de las habilidades o dimensiones informacionales y comunicativas tanto en el profesorado como el alumnado es un tema que aún no es considerado en las agendas de trabajo. Para el caso de Ecuador, literatura relacionada fue buscada bajo los parámetros de competencias digital, educación superior y Ecuador, tanto en inglés como español, en bases de datos como Scopus y WOS dando como resultado únicamente dos publicaciones encontradas en relación a competencias digitales del profesorado en universidades privadas (Cazco et al., 2016; Revelo Rosero et al., 2018) y una de los estudiantes (Vázquez-Cano et al., 2017), haciendo énfasis cada una en una universidad en particular. De esta brecha de conocimiento surge la necesidad de plantearse esta investigación en la que el análisis de una Institución de Educación pública permitirá complementar los estudios realizados y tener un panorama general de la CDD en Ecuador y posteriormente analizarlas en conjunto con investigaciones de otros países de la región para generar un aporte regional a través de la propuesta de un marco de competencias digitales docentes para el contexto Latinoamericano. Para esto se propuso: • Realizar una revisión ampliada de la literatura para contextualizar el problema. • Identificar las actitudes de los docentes frente ante los nuevos alfabetismos. • Analizar y evaluar las competencias digitales de los docentes del caso de estudio. • Generar aportaciones para la mejora de la calidad en la enseñanza en instituciones de educación superior en el Ecuador. La metodología empleada incluyó la metodología de revisión de literatura de Kitchenham (2004), técnicas cuantitativas descriptivas, inferenciales y correlacionales explicadas por Mouchritsa et al. (2022) y análisis de la información como lo plantea Mattila (2016) y Mohamad & Nasir (2019). Los principales resultados que se han obtenido del presente trabajo de investigación son: el análisis sobre las percepciones de los docentes frente al alfabetismo tecnológico, el análisis del nivel de CDD en los profesores del caso de estudio, la revisión de la literatura de las competencias digitales en Latinoamérica y la propuesta de un marco de competencias digitales docentes para el contexto latinoamericano. En el análisis de las actitudes de los docentes frente a nuevos alfabetismos, se pudo evidenciar la falta de conocimiento en cuanto al tema. Además, a pesar de que aseveraban sobre el uso de diferentes tecnologías de información y comunicación para los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje se pudo observar que, al contrario, las herramientas se utilizaban en procesos de gestión más no en la enseñanza. En cuanto a la revisión de literatura, existen muchos estudios relacionados a las competencias digitales. Se partió del análisis de 1575 artículos en 5 bases de datos científicas, sin embargo, después de realizar una identificación de estudios primarios, revisión de resúmenes, aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, únicamente 15 artículos fueron localizados en el contexto latinoamericano. Estos textos fueron analizados a profundidad para determinar las áreas significativas de competencias digitales necesarias para los docentes de la región: habilidades sociales, informacionales, axiológicas, construcción del conocimiento, desarrollo profesional, uso de la tecnología. El análisis de las competencias digitales docentes del caso de estudio se realizó a partir de un instrumento previamente validado y desarrollado para el contexto latinoamericano por Lázaro-Cantabrana & Gisbert (2018) que incluía cuatro dimensiones: Didáctica, curricular y metodológica; Planificación, organización y gestión de los recursos tecnológicos; Relacional, ética y seguridad; y Personal y profesional. El análisis mostró un gran avance en los docentes, ya que se evidenció que en las cuatro dimensiones obtuvieron una calificación promedio de expertos, aunque su puntaje tiene tendencia al límite inferior del nivel. en cuanto a los resultados de la correlación entre las variables, todas las correlaciones rechazaron la hipótesis nula en la que se consideraba que no existen diferencias significativas en la autopercepción del CDD y la experiencia, el género y la edad. Finalmente, con toda la información recabada, se plateó una propuesta de un modelo de CDD para el contexto latinoamericano, el presente documento muestra la ampliación de las áreas y competencias digitales que se han considerado importantes en el contexto Latinoamericano. A través del resumen y análisis de la información disponible sobre cada competencia se busca una mejor comprensión de las dimensiones y competencias como aporte para posibles mejoras en las políticas educativas de la región. Las competencias digitales guardan relación con modelos establecidos en otros países, sin embargo, para el contexto latinoamericano fueron agrupadas en 6 dimensiones y 20 competencias. Cabe recalcar que la limitación más crítica al momento de realizar el estudio fue la pandemia causada por COVID-19 que provocó un cambio en la forma de trabajar y estudiar en todo el mundo, lo que afectó a la productividad del propio trabajo y a otras áreas como la investigación. Específicamente para el caso de estudio, la obtención de información por parte de los docentes se vio mermada al no tener la posibilidad de un acercamiento a profesores y autoridades para solicitar permisos y posibilitar ampliar el estudio. Como trabajo de investigación futuro, se propone realizar actualizaciones de los estudios realizados para contrastar los avances logrados desde la aparición de la pandemia causada por el COVID-19.

In the province of Chimborazo, found in the Riobamba canton, a study was done with the purpose of comparing different subtracts for the production of earthworm humus (pig feces, guinea pig feces, rabbit feces, bovine feces, market residues, and vegetable residues from the harvest) and its productive effect in vegetables (radish, onion, beet and cabbage). Twenty-four beds, 1.5 m2 (1.5 x 1) in size, as well as sixteen 3 m2 (1 x 3) parcels were used for the study. A design of complete blocks was applied with a monofactorial in the first test, and a bifactorial in the second test. The experiment lasted forty weeks. In general, the best productive behavior by the earthworm humus was distributed among various subtracts. The vegetable residues had the best final weight with a value of 66.75 Kg/parcel. The treatment with guinea pig feces had the best nitrogen content (0.29%). Bovine feces had the best phosphorus content (1.08%). Rabbit feces produced 10.6% of potassium as well as the highest number of earthworms in the harvest (6,900,00). With regards to the production of vegetables, cabbage responded well to almost all of the variables studied. Cabbage obtained superior values than the rest of the vegetables with a 99.5% capture and a 0.25% mortality. The other variables could not be compared because different types of vegetables were used. In the total economic analysis, it was seen that there was a expenditure of 851,960.00 sucres against an income, from the sale of humus and vegetables, of 1,065,000.00 sucres. The net income was 213,120.00 sucres and the benefit/cost was 1.21. It is recommended that this technique be used for small scale production, because the humus improves the ground's physical and chemical characteristics, thus obtaining representative economic gains.

No description available.

No description available.

In Ecuador the traditional indigenous justice has been practiced alongside with the national justice since the conquest in the 16th century. As of 1998 it is legally recognized by the state through the ratification of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention C169 and the subsequent adoption of a new constitution. Since then the rights of the indigenous peoples have been further developed by the adoption of Ecuador’s present constitution in 2008. In this thesis the indigenous justice is examined from a human rights perspective and especially the responsibility of the Ecuadorian state in guaranteeing the human rights of its indigenous citizens is discussed.In order to collect empirical material for the thesis a field study was carried out in the Andean region of Ecuador. Individuals with knowledge of, and experience in, the indigenous system of justice were interviewed in primarily the capital Quito and in the indigenous Kichwa-village Apatug.The findings from the field study give an understanding of how the indigenous justice is practiced among the indigenous people Kichwa today and the cultural values that support it. The field study also shows that the Ecuadorian state is not succeeding in guaranteeing the human rights within the indigenous justice. Especially the failure of protecting its citizens from corporal punishments is a violation of human rights.

In this thesis, a stochastic model was utilized to predict the water content and sediment deposition characteristics in the Mazar Reservoir in Ecuador. The results obtained were compared with those reported in the project's feasibility study. The methodology used in this study was based on the assumption that annual water inflow can be taken as a random variable and annual water contents in the reservoir form an independent series of first-order, homogeneous Markov Chains. The available stream flow records indicated that normal and log-normal probability distributions would adequately characterize the annual water inflows. Using Moran's storage theory, expected values of the reservoir water contents were calculated for consecutive years until the storage probability transition matrix operation yielded a stationary condition. Annual amounts of sediment deposition in the reservoir were determined as the difference between annual sediment inflows and outflows. Two different scenarios were applied to calculate the annual sediment inflows. In the first scenario, based on the deterministic sediment rating equations, the resulting sediment rates were assigned the same probabilities as the water inflows. In the second scenario, the annual sediment rates were also considered as random variables normally distributed around the mean values. The results obtained indicated that a stochastic model, such as the one employed in this study, can be effectively used to predict sediment deposition in a reservoir to complement the predictions obtained with deterministic methods, and can even yield a more reliable spectrum of results that can be associated with various confidence levels, particularly when the data on actual sediment measurements is scarce. / M.S.

This research was conducted to assess the intersection of gender and pesticide knowledge to identify gendered dynamics that may prove important to consider when implementing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. Key findings include knowledge being associated with task undertaken, not necessarily the gender of a person. Often, due to social conceptions of appropriate gender roles, similar knowledge may be associated with a certain gender because they are engaging in similar tasks, but it is not their sex or gender that inherently gives them such knowledge. Therefore, knowledge generally associated with women can be associated with men if they are engaging in similar work. Additionally, triangulation of data through using various research methodologies, and interdisciplinary research are imperative for developing comprehensive research or development programs. Finally, even people who are concerned with the negative human and environmental health effects of pesticides may not be using them in a cautious manner. Outside factors such as market sale, education and income level must be taken into account when assessing why pesticides are used and the best methods to introduce an alternative pest control method, such as IPM. / Master of Public and International Affairs