This essay introduces the educational decentralization as an important issue of the global public reform that become in different kinds of relationship between the State and the civil society. To precise this subject, this article develops conceptual distinctions among concepts close to the decentralization area. In addition,advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization are mentioned. At the last, the author analyzes the background and legislation of the Peruvian educational decentralization. / Este ensayo aborda la temática de la descentralización educativa, asumiéndolacomo parte de una reforma global del Estado y que establece relaciones diferentescon la sociedad civil. Para precisar esta temática, se presentan en primer lugar algunasdistinciones conceptuales claves entre la descentralización y otros términosrelacionados, así como las ventajas y desventajas de este proceso de descentralización.Posteriormente, se plantean los antecedentes y el contexto normativo de ladescentralización educativa en el Perú.

abstract: This study examined the experiences of first-generation college students who were enrolled in online degree programs at a traditional brick-and-mortar university located in the western United States. These students were viewed as "double first-generation" because they were not only the first in their family to pursue a bachelor's degree, but were also among the first generation in the history of American higher education to pursue public, postsecondary education in an entirely online format. The research was designed as a multiple methods case study that emphasized qualitative methods. Being exploratory in nature, the study focused on participant characteristics and the ways that they responded to and persisted in online degree programs. Data was collected through research that was conducted entirely online; it included an e-survey, two asynchronous focus groups, and individual interviews that were conducted via Skype. Grounded theory served as the primary method for data analysis, while quantitative descriptive statistics contextualized the case. The results of this study provide a window into the micro- and macro-level tensions at play in public, online postsecondary education. The findings indicate that these pioneering and traditionally underserved students drew from their diverse backgrounds to persist toward degree completion, overcoming challenges associated with time and finances, in hopes that their efforts would bring career and social mobility. As one of the first studies to critically examine the case of double first-generation college students, this study extends the literature in meaningful ways to provide valuable insights for policymakers, administrators, faculty, and staff who are involved with this population. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2013

abstract: This study reports on research that explores local manifestations of Arizona's English-only language education policy by investigating the experiences of selected English language learners (ELLs) with reclassification into mainstream classrooms and four of their classroom teachers. In this study, I employed ethnographic methods (participant observation, document collection, interviewing, and focus groups) to investigate what practices emerge after ELLs are reclassified as "Fluent English Proficient" (FEP) students and moved from "the four-hour English Language Development (ELD) block" into mainstream classrooms. With a focus on the perspectives and experiences of twelve 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and four of their teachers, I examined how students and teachers viewed and responded to restrictive language policies and the practices that accompany them. One finding from this study is that students and teachers believed that the four-hour ELD block helped prepare students to learn English, but "proficiency" in English as determined by the Arizona English Language Learner Assessment (AZELLA) did not always indicate a solid understanding of the language used in the mainstream classrooms. A second finding from this study is that ideologies of language that position English over multilingualism are robust and further strengthened by language policies that prohibit the use of languages other than English in ELD and mainstream classrooms. A third finding from this study is that, in part because of the language restrictive policies in place, particular groups of students continued to engage in practices that enact ideologies of language that devalue multilingualism (e.g., "language policing"). At the same time, however, a close examination of student-to-student interaction indicates that these same students use their multiple linguistic and communicative resources in a variety of creative and purposeful ways (e.g., through language crossing and language sharing). The close examination of policy as practice in a restrictive educational language policy context conducted here has implications for debates about English-only as a method and medium of instruction, about how the ideologies of language operate in situated interactional contexts, and about how youth might use existing resources to challenge restrictive ideologies and policies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2013

abstract: The passing of anti-immigrant legislation in the state of Arizona over the last decade has exacerbated an already oppressive system perpetuated by globalization and its byproducts, neoliberalism and neoconservativism. The social justice activist educators who live and work with the children and families most affected by these laws and policies must learn to navigate these controls if they hope to sustain their work. I have drawn from Freire's work surrounding the theories of praxis and conscientization to explain the motivation of these teachers, and the sociological theory of Communities of Practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998; & Wenger, McDermott, & Snyder, 2002), to explain how the group, Arizona Teachers for Justice serves as a space of learning and support for these educators. This dissertation is a multiple case study and has employed semi-structured interviews with four social justice activist educators to understand how social justice activist educators in Arizona cope and sustain their teaching and activism, particularly through their membership in groups such as Arizona Teachers for Justice. The teachers in this study are each at different stages in their careers and each teaches in a different setting and/or grade level. This cross section provides multiple perspectives and varied lenses through which to view the struggles and triumphs of social justice activist educators in the state of Arizona. The teachers in this study share their experiences of being singled out for their activism and explain the ways they cope with such attacks. They explain how they manage to fulfill their dedication to equity by integrating critical materials while adhering to common core standards. They express the anger that keeps them fighting in the streets and the fears that keep them from openly rejecting unjust policies. The findings of this study contribute to the discussion of how to not only prepare social justice activist educators, but ways of supporting and sustaining their very crucial work. Neoliberal and neoconservative attacks on education are pervasive and it is critical that we prepare teachers to face these structural pressures if we hope to ever change the dehumanizing agenda of these global powers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2013

abstract: There is a documented gap between research-based recommendations produced by university-based scholars in the field of education in the United States and the evidence that U.S. politicians' use when deciding which educational policies to implement or amend. This is a problem because university-based education scholars produce vast quantities of research each year, some of which could, and more importantly should, be useful to politicians in their decision-making processes and yet, politicians continue to make policy decisions about education without the benefit of much of the knowledge that has been gained through scholarly research. I refer to the small fraction of university-based education scholars who are demonstrably successful at getting scholarly research into the hands of politicians to be used for decision-making purposes as "university-based bipartisan scholarship brokers". They are distinct from other university-based education scholars in that they engage with politicians from both political parties around research and, as such, are able to use scholarly research to influence the education policymaking process. The problem that this dissertation addresses is the lack of use, by U.S. politicians, of scholarly research produced by United States university-based education scholars as input in education policy decisions. The way in which this problem is explored is through studying university-based bipartisan scholarship brokers. I focused on three areas for exploration: the methods university-based bipartisan scholarship brokers use to successfully get U.S. politicians to consider scholarly research as an input in their decision-making processes around education policy, how these scholars are different than the majority of university-based education policy scholars, and how they conceive of the education policy-setting agenda. What I uncovered in this dissertation is that university-based bipartisan scholarship brokers are a complete sub-group of university-based education scholars. They work above the rigorous promotion and tenure requirements of their home universities in order to use scholarly research to help serve the research needs of politicians. Their engagement is distinct among university-based education scholars and through this dissertation their perspective is presented in participants' own authentic language. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2013

abstract: Teacher learning is a complex and important idea, given the proposed centralized role these individuals have in eradicating the inequitable school outcomes for students of color. It is necessary that researchers document the complex trajectory of learning that occurs as teachers engage in critical reflection on their practice. In the current study, white, female teachers examined the ways their own beliefs, assumptions, and values impacted classroom interactions with students of color, as well as the ways power, privilege, and whiteness manifested in the classroom. Utilizing Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a framework for understanding teacher learning as product and process, as well as whiteness and feminist theories as interrogative tools, the complex and iterative learning trajectories of two elementary school teachers are described in detail. The participating teachers engaged in critical reflection in the context of collaborative interviews, in which they reflected upon excerpts from classroom videos using the lenses of whiteness, power, and privilege in order to consider their own and others' teaching related to deeply held beliefs, assumptions, and values. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2014

abstract: This study explores community development initiatives and school-community partnerships that took place during the period 1998 - 2010 in Barrio Promesa, a Hispanic immigrant neighborhood within a large metropolitan area of the South Western United States. More specifically, it examines the initiatives and partnerships carried out through three main sectors of social actors: a) elected officials, public administrators and their agencies of the city; b) the neighborhood elementary school and school district administration; and c) civil society inclusive of non-profit agencies, faith-based organizations and businesses entities. This study is bounded by the initiation of development efforts by the city on the front end. The neighborhood school complex became the center of educational and social outreach anchoring nearly all collaborations and interventions. Over time agents, leadership and alliances changed impacting the trajectory of development initiatives and school community partnerships. External economic and political forces undermined development efforts which led to a fragmentation and dismantling of initiatives and collaborations in the later years of the study. Primary threads in the praxis of community development and school-community partnerships are applied in the analysis of initiatives, as is the framework of social capital in understanding partnerships within the development events. Specific criteria for analysis included leadership, collaboration, inclusivity, resources, and sustainability. Tensions discovered include: 1) intra-agency conflict, 2) program implementation, 3) inter-agency collaboration, 4) private-public-nonprofit partnerships, and 5) the impact of public policy in the administration of public services. Actors' experiences weave a rich tapestry composed of the essential threads of compassion and resilience in their transformative human agency at work within the global urban gateway of Barrio Promesa. Summary, conclusions and recommendations include: 1) strategies for the praxis of community development, inclusive of establishing neighborhood based development agency and leadership; 2) community development initiative in full partnership with the neighborhood school; 3) the impact of global migration on local development practices; and 4) the public value of personal and civil empowerment as a fundamental strategy in community development practices, given the global realities of many urban neighborhoods throughout the United States, and globally. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Public Administration 2014

O campo da Psicanálise e Educação se sustenta em um entendimento do educar como sendo da ordem de uma profissão impossível. Não há garantias dos resultados na medida em que a relação entre meios e fins não é previsível. É a partir desse pressuposto ético que a questão acerca dos efeitos de uma política do analista no campo educativo se fez ouvir. Para depreendermos um entendimento sobre o tema específico de uma política própria à psicanálise, estabelecemos um debate com autores contemporâneos que recortaram essa questão no escopo freudo-lacaniano. Ao trabalharmos com os discursos propostos por Lacan, acessamos as políticas próprias a cada um deles e empreendemos uma análise das políticas públicas em Educação Infantil tomando-os como operadores de leitura. Desse debate foram extraídos três eixos de análise políticas assistencialistas, diagnósticas e preditivas que evidenciaram que a Educação Infantil vem sendo agenciada predominantemente sob a égide do discurso universitário ou do capitalista na contemporaneidade. Demonstramos que a própria teoria psicanalítica também é apropriada em diversos momentos como mais um saber explicativo acerca dos impasses escolares e educativos, mas isso não se configura como um exemplo do agenciamento da política do analista. Apresentamos a articulação entre a ética e a política na psicanálise e fundamentamos que a política do discurso analítico visa a permitir que o sujeito se separe de uma posição alienada a um saber que lhe é extrínseco. Assim, o psicanalista que trabalha na fronteira com a educação busca possibilitar que o educador se pergunte acerca desses saberes pedagógicos hegemônicos de modo a encontrar uma resposta singular que o autorize a se lançar na prática educativa, mesmo não havendo garantias de antemão dos resultados a serem alcançados. / The field of Psychoanalysis and Education is based on an understanding of educating as being an impossible profession. There is no guarantee of results insofar as the relationship between means and ends is not predictable. The whole issue of the effects of the analyst\'s politics in the educational field was based on this ethical assumption. In order to formulate an understanding of the issue of a psychoanalysis own politic contemporary authors who managed this issue in the Freudo-Lacanian scope were examined. The specific politics of each of the discourses proposed by Lacan were used as reading operators to analyze public policies in Early Childhood Education. Three axis for analysis were adopted: assistentialist, diagnostic and predictive politics. It became evident that in contemporaneity Early Childhood Education has been predominantly organized in line with the university or the capitalist discourse. We have shown that psychoanalytic theory itself is also undertaken as yet another explanatory knowledge about school and educational difficulties, although that should not be regarded as an example of agency of the analyst politics. The articulation between ethics and politics in psychoanalysis is discussed and we argue that the politics of the analytic discourse aims to allow the subject to break away from an alienated position to a knowledge that is extrinsic to him. Thus, the psychoanalyst who works on the frontier with education seeks to enable the educator to ask about the hegemonic pedagogical knowledge in order to find a singular answer that allows him to embrace the educational practice, even though there is no guarantee of the results to be achieved.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-11T13:08:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação pronta 2- 10.12.pdf: 1704239 bytes, checksum: 1c61b1588aedbeba2df17e798ffc8971 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T13:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação pronta 2- 10.12.pdf: 1704239 bytes, checksum: 1c61b1588aedbeba2df17e798ffc8971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / O presente trabalho é exigência do Programa de Mestrado em Serviço Social e discorre sobre a Política Educacional no Brasil, especificamente sobre as reformas educacionais que passaram a política de educação na década de 90, com a finalidade de trazer à tona o tema em estudo. Traremos como discussão a temática da educação sexual nas escolas públicas a partir de um Programa de Governo que é desenvolvido pela SEDUC- Secretaria de Educação de Pernambuco, o Travessia Fundamental – Programa de Aceleração de Estudos de Pernambuco. O estudo dessa temática será apresentado a partir de três eixos básicos, que se colocam como propósito responder ao objeto desse estudo. Foram abordadas questões que perpassam pelo perfil dos entrevistados: formação, tempo que lecionam no estado e participam do projeto Travessia, ensino da educação sexual; no segundo eixo tratamos sobre a abordagem dos professores sobre outros temas trabalhados no projeto sexualidade bem como a percepção desses sobre a discussão da temática no âmbito familiar; e por último, levantamos a discussão da educação sexual como direito humano.Objetivo geral: Analisar a educação sexual como questão dos direitos humanos, nas escolas públicas do Estado de Pernambuco que compõem a Gerência Regional de Educação Recife Sul nas unidades de ensino que desenvolvem o Programa Travessia.Metodologia: As análises realizadas serão pautadas no paradigma da teoria crítica, partindo do pressuposto que nenhum processo social pode ser compreendido do forma isolada, como uma instância neutra acima dos conflitos ideológicos da sociedade, pois todo fenômeno, tomado de qualquer campo da natureza, pode converter-se em um absurdo, se examinado sem conexão com as condições que o cercam, desligado delas; e pelo contrário, todo fenômeno pode ser compreendido e explicado, se examinado em sua conexão indissolúvel com os fenômenos circundantes e condicionado por eles dessa forma teremos como pressuposto teórico metodológico os princípios do materialismo histórico dialético. Alguns resultados: Observa-se que essa pesquisa pode contribuir para a discussão da educação sexual na Política de Educação de Pernambuco, possibilitando aos educadores vislumbrarem propostas que discutam a temática a partir da perspectiva do direito. Acreditamos sim, ser importante o enfoque dado ao tema pelas escolas, contudo esse não deve ser o único, visto que o acesso à informação é uma questão de direito e a educação sexual suscita um debate importante dentro dos direitos humanos. / This work is requirement of the Master's Program in Social Work and discusses the Educational Policy in Brazil, specifically on the educational reforms that have passed education policy in the 90s, in order to bring up the topic under study. We will bring to discussion the issue of sex education in public schools from a government program that is developed by SEDUC- Secretariat of Pernambuco Education, Elementary Crossing - Pernambuco Studies Acceleration Program. The study of this subject will be presented from three basic axes, facing the purpose to respond to the object of this study. They addressed issues that permeate the profile of respondents: training, time to teach in the state and participate in the Crossing project, the teaching of sex education; the second axis treat on the approach of teachers of other subjects worked on sexuality project as well as the perception of these on the subject of discussion within the family; and finally, we raised the discussion of sex education as a general right human. Objectives: analyze sex education as a matter of human rights, in the public schools of the State of Pernambuco that make up the Regional Management Recife South Education in educational units that develop Crossing. Methodology Program: The analyzes will be guided in the paradigm of critical theory, assuming that no social process can be understood from isolation, as a neutral body above the ideological conflicts of society, for every phenomenon, taken from any field of nature, can turn into an absurd, if examined without connecting to the conditions that surround it off them; on the contrary, every phenomenon can be understood and explained if considered in its inseparable connection with surrounding phenomena and conditioned by them in this way we as a methodological theoretical assumption the principles of dialectical historical materialism. Some results: It is observed that this research can contribute to the discussion of sex education in the Pernambuco Education Policy, enabling educators glimpse proposed to discuss the issue from the perspective of law. We believe yes, it is important the focus given to the subject in schools, but this should not be the only one, given that access to information is a matter of law and sex education raises an important debate within human rights.

Ao observarmos como os partidos políticos se posicionam na arena federal, podemos perceber que eles se distinguem em relação às suas prioridades estabelecidas para as políticas públicas. Entretanto, não sabemos se estas prioridades, expressas por parlamentares na arena federal, traduzemse em políticas quando seus respectivos partidos estão no controle do poder executivo local. Poucos estudos têm se dedicado à investigação da influência dos partidos políticos brasileiros sobre as políticas que são implementadas pelos governos subnacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é dar uma contribuição para esta agenda de pesquisa mediante i) a apresentação de um modelo formal que simplifique e exponha as melhores opções dos prefeitos de diferentes partidos quando há preferências partidárias sobre políticas e quando estas preferências estão ausentes; e ii) a análise da política de educação desenvolvida pelos prefeitos e seus partidos. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a demanda por políticas, o comportamento dos diferentes níveis de governo e a existência de serviços similares ofertados por outras redes são fatores importantes que influenciam a provisão de políticas. Não há relação entre o partido do prefeito e a política de educação local, mas há relação entre a política local de educação e o partido do governador. Ainda assim, os resultados não indicam que esta relação seja constante ao longo do tempo. / When we observe how political parties position themselves in the federal arena, we can see that they differ in their priorities established for public policy. However, we do not know if these priorities expressed by legislators in the federal arena, translate into policies when their parties are in control of the local executive power. Few studies have been devoted to the investigation of the influence of Brazilian political parties on the policies implemented by subnational governments. This work aim to give a contribution to this research agenda by i) the presentation of a formal model that simplifies and exposes the best options of mayors from different parties when there are party preferences on policy and when these preferences are absent; and ii) by the analysis of the education policy developed by the mayors and their parties. The results indicate that the policies demand, the behaviour of the different levels of government and the existence of similar services offered by other networks are important factors that influence the provision of policies. There is no relation between the mayor\'s party and the local education policy, but there is a relation between the local education policy and the governor\'s party. Still, the results do not indicate that this relation is constant over time.