Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO JOSE PAULINO.pdf: 1077785 bytes, checksum: 0d9308ac664955b8754af0ed0d116e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / This work is part of the line of research: Status and Educational Management in the Research Group: Basic Education Policy, the Graduate Program in Education - Master of the Federal University of Maranhão.Its object of study "Management of Municipal Educational Policy: Experience from public municipal Pindaré Alegre do Alto - MA."This process is limited in the reform of the Brazilian state prevalent in the 1990s, and the educational reforms arising from this reconfiguration process of education to new determinations of the market. For this purpose are defined as guiding objectives to reflect on the democratic school management guidelines prioritized education, especially the first legal frameworks: CF / 1988 and LDB (Law No. 9394/96), from conception prevalent in the years 1990. We analyze the role of councils in the area of education, placing them in the context of education, highlighting its nature, principles, objectives and functions. Addresses the process of municipalization of education and the tensions between the established social movement in the legislative process developed in the years 1980/90 in the context of democratization of Brazilian society. The methodology applied to this study is characterized as a qualitative research, whose methodological approach developed articulating documentary and empirical literature. We tried to theoretical contribution contributions Demo (1998), Time (2011), Frigotto (2004), Gohn (2002), Walnut, Romanelli, Zago (2000), Birth (2006), Paro (2004), Peace (2004 ), Werle (2008), Sheinvar; Algebaile (2004) among others. Data collection script was used semi-structured interview using a questionnaire containing open and closed questions applied to a sample of 39 (thirty nine) subjects: managers, teachers, parents, educational coordinators and local education authorities . The study highlighted the importance and need for more knowledge on the part of the school community on design and management principles of democracy, autonomy, participation and management of educational work, as well as investments in initial and continuing training of school subjects, including manager. We emphasize the importance of active participation of the school community, as a contribution to overcoming the social contradictions that resonate within you and help and involvement with a view to the process of building a more humane and democratic society. / O presente trabalho se inscreve na linha de pesquisa: Estado e Gestão Educacional, no Grupo de Pesquisa: Política de Educação Básica, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Mestrado, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Tem como objeto de análise A Gestão das Políticas Educacionais Municipais: a experiência da rede pública municipal de Alto Alegre do Pindaré MA . Circunscreve-se esse processo no âmbito da reforma do Estado brasileiro prevalente nos anos de 1990, e as reformas educativas decorrentes desse processo de reconfiguração da educação às novas determinações do mercado. Para isso, definem-se como objetivos norteadores refletir sobre a gestão escolar democrática priorizada nas diretrizes educacionais, destacando-se inicialmente os marcos legais: CF/ 1988 e a LDB (Lei n.º 9394/96), a partir da concepção prevalente nos anos de 1990; analisar o papel dos conselhos na área de educação, situando-os no contexto dos sistemas de ensino, destacando sua natureza, princípios, objetivos e funções; abordar o processo de municipalização da educação e as tensões estabelecidas entre o movimento social, no âmbito do processo legislativo desenvolvido nos anos de 1980/90, no contexto de democratização da sociedade brasileira. Quanto à metodologia aplicada, o presente estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, cuja proposta metodológica desenvolveu-se articulando pesquisa bibliográfica documental e empírica. Buscou-se aporte teórico nas contribuições de Demo (2009), Hora (2011), Frigotto (2004), Gohn (2002), Nogueira, Romanelli, Zago (2000), Nascimento (2006), Paro (2004), Paz (2004), Werle (2008), Sheinvar; Algebaile (2004), entre outros. Na coleta de dados utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se questionários contendo questões abertas e fechadas, aplicados a uma amostra constituída por 39 (trinta e nove) sujeitos: gestores, professores, pais, coordenadores pedagógicos e autoridades municipais de educação. O estudo realizado ressaltou a importância e a necessidade de um maior conhecimento por parte da comunidade escolar sobre concepção e princípios de gestão democrática, autonomia, participação e sobre gestão do trabalho pedagógico, além de investimentos na formação inicial e continuada dos sujeitos da escola, incluindo o gestor. Enfatiza-se a importância da participação efetiva da comunidade escolar, na perspectiva de contribuir para a superação das contradições sociais que repercutem no seu interior e de auxiliar e fomentar a participação com vistas ao processo de construção de uma sociedade mais humana e democrática.

Esta pesquisa aborda a relação da escola pública com a geografia dos lugares. Analisa os nexos entre a urbanização e as políticas educacionais em São Paulo. A questão consiste em compreender a situação das escolas centrais, que pertenceram aos antigos bairros, diante das adequações funcionais e do desinteresse das camadas médias e altas. As localidades centrais foram tradicionalmente compreendidas como espaços da cidade-bairro, da cidade subúrbio. Na dinâmica da urbanização difusa, e de ampliação das fronteiras periféricas, estas localidades centrais vivenciaram o esvaziamento generalizado e o fechamento de dezenas de suas escolas. Paradoxalmente, isto tem ocorrido onde as escolas públicas apresentam melhor desempenho. O fechamento destas escolas restringe as possibilidades dos moradores locais e inviabiliza o uso dos alunos que vêm das periferias urbanas. Neste contexto o terreno destas antigas escolas ficou na mira do mercado imobiliário e das estratégias administrativas do Estado. O estudo de caso da EE Prof. Antonio Alves Cruz permitiu apreender a metamorfose da escola de bairro, e seu dilema para sobreviver no centro da cidade. Encontrou solução na ampliação do seu raio de ação, atingindo pontos distintos da metrópole; no seu momento mais dramático incorporou uma Organização Não Governamental para realizar atividades que seriam difíceis com a estrutura da rede oficial; adequou-se a diversas modalidades de ensino; aceitou diversas formas de uso. Em alguns momentos seus personagens se encontram, porém, o que ressalta é o quadro preocupante de desintegração da comunidade escolar, que a deixa vulnerável perante os ajustes dos órgãos superiores de ensino. / This research addresses the relationship of public schools with the geography of places and analyzes the links between urbanization and educational policies in São Paulo. We aim to understand the situation of so-called central schools, which are schools that are embedded in the social milieu of the old city, given their current functional inadequateness and the lack of interest of middle and high classes. The central locations, which have traditionally been understood as places where life itself took place, experienced widespread evacuation and closings of dozens of schools in the context of diffuse urbanization and explosive expansion of urban boundaries. Paradoxically these closures often occurred where public schools had better performances. These closures restrict the possibilities of local residents and make it impractical for those living in distant suburbs to attend the school. In this context, the land of these old schools has become interesting for the real estate sector and the management strategies of the State. The case study of the public school Antonio Alves Cruz allowed us to understand the transformation of this school, which was once influenced by community interests, and its dilemma to survive in the city centre. The school has enlarged its range of action and has incorporated a Non-Government Organization in its most critical moment to accomplish activities which would be difficult to implement exclusively with the official structure. It has adapted to several modalities of teaching and it has been used in several ways. At some moments, all its characters meet. However, our concern regards the disintegration of the school community, and its vulnerability in the presence of policies of the bodies of higher education.

Orientador: José Roberto Rus Perez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Avelar_MarinaCamposde_M.pdf: 1893831 bytes, checksum: ff3c79714b8c0069d0168df4d91d2173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Apesar de ser um país famoso por seu Estado de Bem-Estar Universal e sua educação igualitária, a Suécia é comumente referida na literatura como um país que tenha passado por uma "reforma educacional radical" com princípios de mercado e competição, fazendo com que se pergunte o que teria levado ao país a adotar tais medidas. Neste âmbito, este estudo teve por objetivo compreender o processo pelo qual passou a política de descentralização educacional, a primeira política da reforma da educação do país, entre 1970 e 1994, bem como identificar os diferentes atores e arenas políticos e seus interesses e ações. Para isto, esta pesquisa, que se trata de uma análise de política pública, adotou o modelo analítico do Ciclo de Política Pública de Bowe and Ball (1992), focando a formulação, ou o Contexto de Influência. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de pesquisa bibliográfica, significando que as informações utilizadas tenham sido provenientes de fontes secundárias, incluindo livros, artigos e relatórios internacionais e do governo sueco, produzidos tanto em meio à reforma quanto após. Após a análise da política, o presente estudo questiona a disseminada narrativa de que seria a coalizão conservadora eleita em 1991 a responsável pela introdução de uma reforma neo-liberal radical; pois vê-se que frente à insatisfação popular com a educação e em meio ao contexto internacional do Novo Gerancialismo Público e a tendência em direção a uma educação democrática, a descentralização da educação no país foi adotada pelo governo como resposta a uma crise educacional. Assim, uma reforma marcada pela descentralização teria sido gradualmente discutida e implementada pelo próprio Partido Social Democrata (PSD) desde os anos de 1970, tendo a desregulamentação e currículo por objetivos como marca. Estas mudanças na política educacional teriam proporcionado uma gradual mudança no discurso da política, saindo do foco igualitário para o foco da eficiência do Novo Gerencialismo. Esta mudança teria, então, possibilitado a entrada de políticas de mercado na década de 1990, com financiamento por vouchers e princípios de competição e privatização na educação / Abstract: Even though Sweden is a country famous for its Welfare State and egalitarian education, it is said to have gone through a "radical reform", provoking one to wonder how and why Sweden adopted neoliberal policies. In this sense, this study aimed to understand the policy-making process that Sweden went through while decentralising its education, which was the first adopted policy of the reform, between the 1970s and the 1990s, as well as to identify the main political arenas, stakeholders and their interests and actions. For this, this research, which is a public policy analysis study, used the Bowe and Ball (1992) Policy Cycle model and focused on the policy formulation, or the Context of Influence of the education decentralisation policy. The data collection was done through bibliographic research, meaning that the gathered information was found in published materials, including books, articles and Swedish and international reports, written both during the reform and afterwords. After the analysis, this dissertation questions the frequently advocated narrative that the Conservative-led coalition government, that came to power in 1991 is to be blamed for introducing radical market-led policies into the education, as one can see that when facing popular dissatisfaction with the public education and amidst the international context of the New Public Management and a trend towards democratic education, the decentralisation of education was chosen as the government answer to an educational crisis. So the education reform was gradually discussed and implemented by the Social Democratic Party since the 1970s and that Sweden implemented a rolling reform based on decentralising trends, with deregulation and curriculum guided by goals. This policy changes gradually changed the policy discourse from the egalitarian focus to an efficiency and new managerial focus, which opened way to the marked-led policies during the 1990s, such as voucher-like funding system and competition principles / Mestrado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Mestra em Educação

Orientador: Olga Rodrigues de Moraes von / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T12:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zan_DirceDjaniraPachecoe_D.pdf: 2105788 bytes, checksum: f3ab2bdd00d38c925a34561a4dec8642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa realizada durante os anos de 2001 e 2002 no ensino médio da Escola Estadual Jardim Amanda II na cidade de Hortolândia (SP), localizada em um bairro populoso e marcado por problemas sociais característicos das periferias dos grandes centros urbanos. O objetivo deste estudo é elucidar o currículo que tem se efetivado no cotidiano dessa instituição, confrontando-o com os documentos curriculares oficiais e com questões contemporâneas tais como as problemáticas do sujeito e da diversidade cultural. O trabalho investigativo fundamentou-se na concepção metodológica da História Oral utilizando diferentes instrumentos de pesquisa tais como: observação; entrevista com professores (3 homens e 4 mulheres), membros da equipe gestora (2 homens ¿ ex-diretor e coordenador ¿ e 3 mulheres ¿ diretora, vice-diretora e coordenadora), uma funcionária, 13 alunos (8 garotos e 5 garotas) e um membro da comunidade; além da aplicação de 45 questionários contemplando todos os docentes do ensino médio daquela escola. Como estratégia de aproximação com os alunos e de apreensão de sua visão acerca da realidade estudada, foi constituído um grupo de 13 jovens que fotografaram livremente a escola trazendo à tona temáticas significativas para a realização deste trabalho. Verificou-se que as atuais políticas curriculares brasileiras estão comprometidas com um projeto conservador de sociedade e que têm, de certo modo, junto à precariedade de condições físicas e materiais da escola e a deficiente formação dos professores, contribuído para reforçar uma situação de simplificação e superficialização do conhecimento científico veiculado na escola. No entanto, apesar das dificuldades e limitações, constatou-se algumas iniciativas de docentes no sentido de superar esse quadro de crise vivido pela instituição pública de ensino, bem como a luta da população em defesa da escola pública e de qualidade / Abstract: This study is the fruit of research into secondary education at Jardim Amanda II state school in the city of Hortolândia (SP) conducted in 2001 and 2002. The school is located in a populous neighborhood marked by the social problems characteristic of the outskirts of major urban centers. The aim was to elucidate the curriculum as implemented in everyday practice at this school in relation to official curriculum documents and contemporary issues such as the question of the subject and cultural diversity. The investigative work was based on the methodological conception of Oral History and the different research instruments used included observation; interviews with teachers (3 men and 4 women) and members of the management team (2 men ¿ a former-principal and a coordinator - and 3 women - principal, vice-principal and coordinator), an employee, 13 pupils (8 boys and 5 girls) and a member of the community. In addition, 45 questionnaires were administered to all the secondary education teachers at the school. As a means of approaching pupils and apprehending their vision of the reality examined here, a group of 13 pupils were asked to photograph the school at will and their images brought up issues of significance for this study. It was found that current Brazilian curriculum policies are committed to a conservative social project and that these policies have in a certain way ? along with precarious physical and material conditions in schools and deficiencies in teacher training ? helped underpin a situation in which scientific knowledge transmitted in school is simplified and becomes superficial. Notwithstanding difficulties and limitations, it was found that some teachers are taking initiatives to address this situation of crisis in public education institutions, and that the community was involved in efforts to defend the quality of education in public schools / Doutorado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Doutor em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eclea Baccin.pdf: 3053433 bytes, checksum: 669cf3e5b101cfbe9258c5128a444a1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / The aim of this paper is to analyze the implications of educational policies of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (managed 2007-2010) in the organization of educational work in the discipline of physical education a state school in Pelotas, from the relationship between the broader policy orientations and actions defined by the state government. For this challenge, we base on the theory of dialectical historical materialism that gives us the tools of thinking to grasp the multiple determinations of reality. The techniques and research procedures used to collect data were semi-structured interviews and observation of lessons. All the situations experienced in school were recorded in a diary. In interpreting the data we used the content analysis. Participated in the research field of three physical education teachers, the director and educational coordinator of a state school. To achieve this goal, we seek at first to trace the relations between labor and capital that determine policies and educational reforms in Brazil. Then try to identify the assumptions of national education policies and those proposed by international agencies like the World Bank and IMF, and its relations with the current educational policies in the state. It was found that the educational policies implemented by this administration seek to balance the accounts of the state through tax adjustments that are directly influencing education. In the account of teachers there are numerous criticisms of this policy of cost containment that is causing the decline in quality of education and precariousness of the teacher's work. It is clear the quest for realization of a guided education in the guidelines of total quality, from the assessment tools as SAERS the attempted implementation of meritocracy and the withdrawal of rights historically achieved by the teachers. From the analysis of categories such as precariousness and intensification of teacher's work, education funding, teacher training, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, content and method, and objectives, and evaluation; we seek to explore the contradictions and possibilities present in pedagogical practice in order to demonstrate how is the organization of pedagogical work. For Physical Education was established that the contents are the predominant sports and that there is sidelined this course according to the new demands imposed by the labor market from the industrial structure and the requirement for new skills. Finally we demonstrate that the educational project management 2007-2010 is pivoted back to the interests of capital. All respondents demonstrated awareness of damage to education caused by current educational policies, and we have shown the strength of such workers, which is why many projects that management has not been performed. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as implicações das políticas educacionais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (gestão 2007-2010) na organização do trabalho pedagógico da disciplina Educação Física de uma escola estadual de Pelotas, a partir da relação entre as orientações políticas mais amplas e as ações definidas pelo governo estadual. Para tal desafio, nos fundamentamos na teoria do materialismo histórico dialético que nos oferece os instrumentos de pensamento para apreendermos as múltiplas determinações da realidade. As técnicas e procedimentos de pesquisa utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: entrevista semiestruturada e observação de aulas. Todas as situações vividas na escola foram registradas em um diário de campo. Para a interpretação dos dados recorremos à análise de conteúdo. Participaram da pesquisa de campo três professores de Educação Física, o diretor e a coordenadora pedagógica de uma escola estadual.Para atingir o objetivo proposto buscamos num primeiro momento traçar as relações entre trabalho e capital que determinam as políticas e as reformas educacionais no Brasil. Em seguida, procuramos identificar os pressupostos das políticas educacionais nacionais e aquelas propostas por agências internacionais, como o Banco Mundial e o FMI, e suas relações com as políticas educacionais em curso no Estado. Foi possível constatar que as políticas educacionais postas em prática por esta gestão buscam equilibrar as contas do Estado, através de ajustes fiscais que estão influenciando diretamente na educação. No relato dos professores há inúmeras críticas a esta política de contenção de gastos que está ocasionando a diminuição da qualidade do ensino e a precarização do trabalho docente. Está clara a busca pela realização de uma educação pautada nas diretrizes da qualidade total, a partir dos instrumentos de avaliação como o SAERS, da tentativa de implementação da meritocracia e da retirada de direitos historicamente conquistados pela classe docente. A partir da análise de categorias como: precarização e intensificação do trabalho docente; financiamento da educação; formação docente; interdisciplinaridade e multidisciplinaridade; conteúdo e método; e, objetivos e avaliação; buscamos explorar as contradições e possibilidades presentes na prática pedagógica, a fim de demonstrar como se dá a organização do trabalho pedagógico. Em relação a disciplina de Educação Física foi possível constatar que os conteúdos predominantes são os esportes e que há uma secundarização desta disciplina de acordo com as novas demandas impostas pelo mercado de trabalho, a partir da reestruturação produtiva e da exigência das novas competências. Para finalizar demonstramos que o projeto educacional da gestão 2007-2010 está hegemonicamente voltado aos interesses do capital. Todos os entrevistados demonstram consciência dos prejuízos à educação causados pelas políticas educacionais em curso, e evidenciamos a resistência desses trabalhadores, motivo pelo qual, muitos projetos desta gestão ainda não foram executados.

Tiivistelmä Tausta ja tavoitteet: Tarkastelun kohteena on modernisaatio yhteiskunnallis-historiallisena oppimisena. Tavoitteena on osoittaa kriittisen teorian kasvatustieteellinen merkitys yhteiskunnallisena kasvatus- ja sivistysdiskurssina. Teoreettiset lähtökohdat: Filosofista argumentaatiota ja dialektista sivistysteoriaa kehitellään kriittisen teorian käsittein, jotka ovat peräisin Theodor W. Adornon, Max Horkheimerin ja Herbert Marcusen filosofioista. Yhteiskunnallis-historiallisen oppimisen teoria perustuu Jürgen Habermasin, Klaus Ederin ja Axel Honnethin ajatteluun sekä Michel Foucault'n tiedon ja vallan sekä totuuden politiikan käsitteisiin. Vallan ja moraalin dialektiikka toimii sisällöllisenä jännitteenä. Pääongelmat: 1) Millä perusteilla modernisaatio käsitteellistyy yhteiskunnallis-historiallisena oppimisena, demokratisoitumisena ja tasa-arvoistumisena ja mikä on ollut koulutuksen ja kasvatuksen merkitys näissä prosesseissa? 2) Miten yhteiskunnallis-historiallinen oppiminen, demokratisoituminen ja tasa-arvoistuminen ovat toteutuneet kansallissosialistisen totuuden politiikan ja sitä seuranneiden, demokratisoimiseen tähdänneiden uudelleenkoulutusohjelmien valossa? 3) Miten tieteellisen tiedon ja vallan yhdistelmä ovat vaikuttaneet yhteiskunnallis-historialliseen oppimiseen, demokratisoitumiseen ja tasa-arvoistumiseen? Metodologia ja metodit: Tutkimuksessa kehitellään ja sovelletaan dialektista metodologiaa sekä filosofiseen että historialliseen tutkimukseen. Toteutus: Filosofinen osuus toteutettiin kriittisen teorian, habermasilaisen kommunikatiivisen toiminnan teorian ja foucault'laisen valtadiskurssin välisenä argumentaationa. Historiallinen osuus toteutettiin arkistotutkimuksena. Theodor W. Adornon, Max Horkheimerin ja Herbert Marcusen arkistojen materiaali on kulttuurihistoriallisesti merkittävä kansallissosialistisen ajan ja sodan jälkeisen ajan (1930–1960) tutkimuksen kannalta. Tulokset: 1) Modernisaatio käsitteellistyy perustellusti yhteiskunnallis-historiallisena oppimisena ja yhteiskunnallisten patologioiden oppimisena. Modernisaatio ei yksiselitteisesti määrity demokratisoitumisena ja tasa-arvoistumisena. Kasvatus ja koulutus jäsentyvät kriittisessä teoriassa keskeisinä yhteiskunnallisen oppimisen, demokratian ja tasa-arvon edistäjinä. Historiallinen tutkimus todistaa kasvatuksen ja koulutuksen tasa-arvoistavaa vaikutusta vastaan. Uudelleenkasvatuksella ja muodollisilla uudelleenkoulutusohjelmilla oli kuitenkin kiistatta demokratisoivaa vaikutusta. Poliittis-moraaliset oppimisprosessit asetettiin merkittäviksi tavoitteiksi toisen maailmansodan jälkeisessä kansainvälisessä koulutuspolitiikassa. Ihmisarvoon vetoava julkipolitiikka ei kuitenkaan onnistunut kitkemään Auschwitziin johtaneiden prosessien patologioita historian syvätasolta. Jälkikonventionaaliset, inhimillisyyteen ja ihmisten väliseen diskurssiin perustuvat moraaliset oppimisprosessit eivät ole toteutuneet, vaikka 1960-luvun sukupolvikonflikti saikin aikaan syvälle käyvän arvomurroksen. Taloudellis-teknologisilla oppimisprosesseilla on edelleen valta-asema. 2) Modernin tieteen itseymmärrys on perustunut välineelliseen ja laskelmoivaan järkiperäisyyteen. Moraaliset kysymykset on laiminlyöty. Tiedon ja vallan yhteenliittymä on kyennyt vain vähän edistämään demokratisoitumista ja tasa-arvoistumista. Kriittiseen intressiin perustuvat diskurssit ovat vaatineet demokratiaa ja emansipatorista kasvatusta. Siirtymä kansallissosialistisesta demokratisoivaan totuuden politiikkaan ei toteutunut tieteellis-diskursiivisen vastarinnan kautta, vaan se toteutui tiedeyhteisölle ulkopuolisen valtarégimen sotilaallisen vaihdoksen kautta. Tämä mahdollisti kriittisen argumentaation ja demokraattisen tiedeinstituution diskursiiviset valtakamppailut. 3) Tutkimuksen perusteella ei voida väittää, että välineellisen järkiperäisyyden suuntaamat oppimisprosessit olisivat korvautuneet kommunikatiivisen järjellisyyden suuntaamilla. Perusteltua on sen sijaan väittää, että kommunikatiivisen järjellisyyden suuntaiset oppimisprosessit asettuivat tavoittelemisenarvoisiksi toisen maailmansodan jälkeisessä kansainvälisessä politiikassa, jossa korostettiin kasvatuksen ja koulutuksen merkitystä. Foucault'lainen valtadiskurssi ei kyennyt avaamaan moraalisesti kestäviä toiminnallisia näköaloja toisin kuin habermasilainen diskurssi. Tulosten hyödynnettävyys ja tutkimuksen merkitys: Tutkimustuloksia on mahdollista hyödyntää koulutuspoliittisesti demokratia- ja tasa-arvokeskustelun kannalta sekä teoreettis-metodologisesti eurooppalaisen ajattelun tuntemuksen, kasvatustieteellisen teorianmuodostuksen, kasvatuksen historian sekä vertailevan tutkimuksen kannalta.

L’enseignement secondaire, bien que n’accueillant qu’une minorité des garçons d’une classe d’âge, est conçu au XIXe siècle comme le point central de la construction d’une instruction publique. Cela fait des établissements secondaires publics un observatoire privilégié de la scolarisation et de l’action publique scolaire avant la IIIe République. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse étudie la transformation, entre 1830 et 1876, de 45 collèges gérés par les communes en lycées administrés par l’État. L’appréhension de ces conversions s’organise autour de trois axes de recherche principaux. En premier lieu, l’étude des rôles et des obligations de chacun des acteurs de l’enseignement secondaire met en évidence les motivations scolaires, mais également financières et urbaines des transformations. Les contenus des projets d’appropriation des collèges à leur fonction de lycée montrent, en suite, la portée des exigences ministérielles et les ajustements au cours du siècle aux contraintes locales. L’étude des modalités pratiques de la transformation d’un collège communal en lycée représente un dernier axe de recherche. Le déroulement des travaux, les conditions nécessaires pour l’ouverture d’un lycée et les changements dans le personnel et dans les profils de fréquentation rendent compte des effets de transition entre les deux statuts ainsi que des ambitions conçues pour les nouveaux lycées. Anciens collèges, ceux-ci ne sont pas pensés comme de futurs grands lycées mais permettent à l’État de consolider son offre d’enseignement. / French nineteenth century secondary education may only be frequented by a small fraction of young boys, it is nonetheless the focal point of the public education in construction, which allows to consider public secondary schools as a privileged observatory of schooling and public policy before the IIIrd Republic. In this regard, this dissertation studies the transformation, between 1830 and 1880, of 45 collèges managed by town councils into lycées administrated by the state. These conversions are studied through three lines of research. First of all, the analysis of the roles and obligations of each of the actors involved in the process brings to light the educational motivations of the transformations, as well as their financial and urban ones. Secondly, the contents of the projects developed to enable the collèges to undertake their new status of lycées show the scope of governmental requirements but also the how adjustments can be made to suit local configurations. Lastly, the practical arrangements, the necessary conditions for the opening of the lycées, the changes made in the directors and teachers and the evolution of the attendance demonstrate the effects of the transition between two status on a pre-established category and the place assigned for the new lycées. Former collèges, they are not conceived as future great lycées but allow the State to strengthen its schooling network.

<p> Institutional accreditation in the last decades has been studies as an important assessment that ensures the quality of higher education institutions. The growth of the economy around the world has placed value on evaluating universities&rsquo; accountability and effectiveness. Therefore, one of the most significant current discussions in higher education institutions is obtaining international accreditation. Consequently, Saudi Arabia&rsquo;s institutional accreditation system is seeking to improve higher education institutions&rsquo; quality assurance and accountability by preparing them for international accreditation. However, only 12 universities out of 34 have been accredited at the institutional level by the NCAAA. As a result, one of the major challenges facing Saudi institutions is their ability to meet accreditation standards concerning institutional effectiveness, governance, and leadership. Therefore, this quantitative study examined the extent to which Saudi universities prepare for international accreditation in the areas of governance and leadership. A comparison of accredited and non-accredited universities was done using a Mann-Whitney U test based on faculty and administrators&rsquo; perceptions of leadership and governance. The study concluded that Saudi universities are prepared to meet international institutional accreditation standards in the areas of governance and leadership. An effective strategy is needed to promote the accreditation process successfully. </p><p>

This thesis enquires into the kinds of citizenship taught and learned in formal and informal settings of citizenship education in Scotland. There has been a ‘perceived’ crisis in democratic citizenry in the UK and elsewhere across the world since the 1990s and this has brought about renewed interests in citizenship education whereby young people are a specifically targeted group. Yet, citizenship education is a fundamentally contested domain where conflicting and contrasting ideologies co-exist and the Scottish version of ‘education for global citizenship’ is an archetypal example of this. By exploring similarities and differences between accounts of ‘what adult practitioners do’ and ‘what young people learn’ in each setting, the thesis emphasises tensions and challenges of citizenship education and their implications for the wider debates about the complex relationship between citizenship, democracy and education. The thesis deploys a synthesised theoretical framework for differentiating and analysing the types of education and learning that are legitimate points of reference in citizenship education for democratic life. It distinguishes between approaches to education for citizenship that focuses on membership of the community (relationships and service work in communities), formal political participation (political literacy in terms of institutions, processes and procedures) entrepreneurial citizenship (employability skills and economic participation) and social and political activism (the commitment and capacity to think critically and act collectively to realise the inherent goals of democracy). These different approaches entail a broad ideological mix of civic republicanism, liberalism and neoliberalism which informs citizenship education. The increasing emphasis on economic participation in educational contexts resonates with what can be termed as a neoliberal version of ‘responsiblised citizenship’ that promotes an individualised and depoliticised conception of citizenship by equipping young people with knowledge, skills and experiences to get on and get into the labour market through their own individual efforts rather than being concerned with the collective needs and interests of young people. Formal education and, to some extent informal community education, tend to overlook the de facto issues, experiences and contributions of young people as engaged citizens and the need to focus on the commitment and capacity to think critically and act collectively in order to realise the inherent goals of democracy as an unfinished project. Consequently, the experience of citizenship education is one young people often feel marginal to or marginalised from. This thesis challenges the dominant assumption of ‘disengaged youth’ to focus instead on the democratic deficit at the heart of citizenship teaching and learning. Along with the ‘invited’ spaces of citizenship education, in both formal and informal settings, the goal of democracy should include the ‘invented’ spaces of citizenship learning which reflects the lived experience, concerns and aspirations of young people.

In Corey Brettschneider’s book, Democratic Rights: The Substance of Self- Government, he builds the value theory of democracy wherein procedural and substantive rights are both grounded in the core values of democracy. In his second book, When the State Speaks, What Should It Say? How Democracies Can Protect Expression and Promote Equality, Brettschneider elaborates on his theory to provide an account of how a liberal democracy can address hateful and discriminatory views. In response to both theories, critics have charged that the ideal value democracy does not sufficiently account for systemic inequalities that women and black citizens face. In this paper, I will elaborate on his theory of democratic education and argue that this necessary development can address these critics’ concerns.