The purpose of this study was to understand how unit managers within communal home care service for older people, convert political policy and guidelines into practical care, and how they within this process govern their personnel. The study was based on a qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach. Former research disclose that the process of converting political policy and guidelines and how unit managers govern personnel are somewhat tenuous. Previous research show structural shifts and reorganisations within public service consequently shaping todays structure of organizations and management. The study draws on eight interviews with unit managers within two municipalities in Sweden. To carry out our interviews we used a semi-structured interview guide followed with an analysis of our main results using Lipskys concept of discretion and Foucaults theory of governmentality. The results indicate that unit managers’ work, converting political policy and guidelines into practical care, are complex. The study shows that unit managers experience difficulties and differ in their ways in the process of adapting political policy and guidelines into practical care. Unit managers therefor find some of the guidelines more difficult to integrate than others. We find it important in this study to highlight the different ways unit managers work in the process of converting political policy and guidelines, and how they in the process govern their personnel.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är en sjukdom som ökar i samhället och bland de äldre. Många av dessa har ett behov av omvårdnadsinsatser i form av hemsjukvård. Hemsjukvården är en vårdform som ökar i takt med att sjukhusen får ett minskat antal vårdplatser. Detta innebär ett ökat krav på hemsjukvården och dess resurser. Egenvård är en central del inom diabetesvården och när den fungerar väl kan den minska risken för diabetesrelaterade komplikationer. Dock har äldre svårare att upprätthålla en god egenvårdsförmåga relaterat till det naturliga åldrandet och andra eventuella sjukdomar.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa distriktssköterskornas erfarenheter av att främja egenvårdsförmågan hos äldre patienter med diabetes typ 2 i hemsjukvården.Metod: Data analyserades med en induktiv ansats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom intervjuer med tio distriktssköterskor verksamma inom hemsjukvård.Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde temat Betydelsen av att möjliggöra för små diabetesrelaterade livsstilsförändringar, samt tre kategorier; Den äldres begränsningar för egenvård, Individanpassad egenvårdsrådgivning och Samverkan mellan olika yrkesgrupper med sju underkategorier.Konklusion: Studien påvisar att distriktssköterskorna har en stödjande roll i att främja patienternas egenvårdsförmåga. De tar hjälp av andra professioner för att förse patienterna med de verktyg och insatser som behövs för att på bästa sätt främja deras självständighet och möjlighet att utföra egenvård. / Background: Diabetes type 2 is a disease which is growing in the society and among elders. Many of these need care in the form of home healthcare. Home healthcare is a care form which is increasing as the hospitals have lesser hospital beds. This increases the demands of home healthcare and its resources. Self-care is a central part within the diabetes-care and when well-functioning it can reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications. Elderly though, have a more difficult time to maintain good self-care abilities due to the natural ageing and other possible diseases.Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate district-nurses experiences of promoting self-care abilities among elderly patients with diabetes type 2 in home health-care settings. Method: Data were analyzed with an inductive approach by a qualitative content analysis. The data collection was made through interviews with ten district-nurses active in home health-careResults: From the analysis appeared a theme; the importance of enabling small diabetes-related lifestyle changes, and three categories; The elderlies limitations to self-care, Individualized self-care-guidance and Cooperation between different professions with seven subcategories.Conclusion: The study shows that the district-nurses have a supportive role in promoting patients self-care abilities. They cooperate with other professions to provide tools and measures needed for promoting their independency and opportunities for self-care.

The 21st century is marked by the widespread influence of post-modernism and the relativisation of truth. As such, confidence in the truth of Scripture is flagging, and nowhere is this felt more, ironically, than in the appointment and the working of pastors of the Word of God. Movements such as the historical Jesus research abroad, and the so-called “New Reformation” in South Africa, are calling into question long-held tenets of the Christian faith, as well as the inerrant nature of the Bible. The failing trust in the Scripture has also led to a diminished reliance on exposition of the Bible. This again relates to the training of pastors, as theological training today is marked by greater disdain for biblical subjects and a threatening rift between practical theology and biblical exposition. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the trend might be countered, by applying an exposition of portions of the book of Titus relevant to the selection, appoint, and task of the pastor, to the current situation as it exists today. The exposition focused on the following excerpts from the epistle: 1:1–2:8, 3:12–15. The pastor was discussed as the exemplification of the Church elder, but it was also noted that all that applies to the pastor, equally applies to all elders of the Church. Emphasis was laid on the character of the pastor, the biblical requirements for the ministry, the appointment of pastors, the biblically mandated task of the pastor, the role of the pastor in defending and teaching sound doctrine, and how the teaching of the pastor is to filter down through the congregation, through the older men to the younger men, the older women to the younger women, and how a general ethos of relational ministry is to pervade the mindset of the whole Church (pastor and congregants) in all that they do. Through the exposition, it is seen that biblical exposition is still relevant, and has a role to play in all spheres of life and theology, including practical theological concerns such as the appointment and task of pastors. / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Although researchers have studied perceptions regarding sexually abused children, little was known about how other types of abusive events were perceived. This study examined 480 college students' abuse history and perceptions of child, spousal, and elder abuse by varying the respondent, victim, and perpetrator genders. Physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect were investigated. Perceptions of abusiveness, seriousness, harm, and responsibility were examined, along with the extent of identification with the victims/perpetrators. Participants viewed spousal abuse as less serious and harmful than other abuse types, especially when perpetrated against a male or by a female. Although able to recognize psychological abuse, students did not fully understand what other abuse types entailed. Individuals also showed a considerable amount of blame toward victims. Results further demonstrated important findings about how ethnic identity/orientation, religious affiliation, and history of abuse related to perceptions of abusive events.

There is no doubt that the human population is growing old worldwide. As a result we more often think about the ageing and the old age. One of the motives which is, however, connected with ageing is the rough handling, which may develop into maltreatment, abuse and neglect (it is known as the EAN syndrome - Elder Abuse and Neglect). In this graduation theses the authoress targets the violence on seniors in their own families. In this case the aggressor is their child, grandchild or another relative. The main aim of this study is to analyse the main cause which leads to EAN. This negative social phenomenon is described from the point of view of the employee of crisis phone line for seniors.

The thesis deals with the extraction of antioxidants from elder flowers and the way of storage obtained extract. The elder flowers which are obtained by cutting trees as a waste product and after their processing it could be used as an ingredient to cosmetics products for body and face skin or in a spa like additive to baths. In theoretical part are information about black elder, its botanical characteristics, utilization and about substances contained in it. There is also a chapter about lyophilization as a method which was used for concentration of extract. The last chapter describes theoretical information about liquid chromatography because this method was used for analysis of contents of extract. Experimental part describes optimalization steps in preparation of extract. It was found that the biggest content of polyphenolic compounds was when the proportion between flower and water was 1:10, optimal temperature of water for extraction is 100 °C and it was also found that the time of extraction don´t have any influence on content of polyphenols. Thanks to the lyophilization it was obtained dry light brown powder which is stable for long time. The lyophilizate was tested for some physical properties like pH, refractive index, solubility etc. There was also determined antioxidant activity by DPPH method and there was found quenching activity is 64,9 %. In determining of heavy metals in sample was found trace amounts of lead and chrome. By liquid chromatography was determined content of polyphenols, caffeic acid was in an amount 59,6 mgl1, chlorogenic acid 398 mgl1 and ferulic acid wasn´t detected. All of analysis was for 1% solution of extract because to cosmetic it could be just this amount to addition. In the last step was prepared a skin lotion with elder flower extract and it was tested for stability also was prepared an ointment from pork lard.

This essay will try to examine the breakthrough of symphonic game music by following my hypothesis of the actual breakthrough in late 90s through early 2000s. The method of the essay is a hermeneutic approach which will find different interpretations that in the later part of the essay will lead to an analysis and discussion. This approach is a way for later scholars to examine the subject further. A central part of the essay is to define the term symphonic game music which never before in broader terms have been defined, though the terms dynamic music and orchestral music has been used by scholars such as Collins. Central figures i write about are Nobuo Uematsu and Winifred Phillips, whose contributions to the field of game music are extraordinary, and they also bring forth their own theories. I write more about theories, among others Karen Collins and Koji Kondo, to broaden the discussions. The delimitations in this essay are very important to narrow the types of games studied, and they are for the most part video games and computer games. In the actual examination i refer to among others the scholars Donnelly, Phillips and Collins to map the time of breakthrough and how it actually happened. The games I examine in more detail are Final Fantasy and The Elder Scrolls because I argue in my hypothesis that these two game series are important for the actual breakthrough. Tables and notes from Final Fantasy are used to clarify the subject studied. In the end of the essay I conclude with different perspectives and evaluation of the subject.

The focus of this study was on traumatic suicide attempt due to lack of remuneration to the clergy by the church: a pastoral care perspective. The assumption was that no one in the church took responsibility of caring for clergy families. Trauma referred to a spiritual wound in the soul of humankind and it is a spiritual event when humankind was experiencing loss of faith, loss of hope, loss of trust, loss of meaning, loss of innocence and when the spiritual wound was being healed spiritually. Suicide was defined as purely personal act that appeared to be entirely the outcome of the extreme personal unhappiness of the minister who as a result of non-payment of their stipend by the church. The operational framework of research methodology included: the research design, literature review and interviews; data collection method and data analysis and interpretation. The Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa belongs to the Reformed family of the Protestant churches. In this project, semi-structured scheduled interview open-ended Questions were designed to allow interviewers free movement. The concluding chapter dealt with research findings and recommendations to the church. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Opening food packages without additional aids is a common problem, which especially affects elder people. A study carried out at the Professorship of Human Factors and Ergonomics shows results of opening successes at a variety of packages. Opening a jar of gherkins proved to be a challenging task for the majority of the test persons. Further examples of badly designed packages as well as good solutions are introduced.

The purpose of the study was to examine how social services manage cases involving elder abuse and whether the cases were managed differently depending on the gender of the client. To answer the study’s purpose and questions, qualitative interviews were conducted with social workers who worked in social services (n=6) and who had experience of cases involving elder abuse. The data was analyzed by Johan Galtung’s model of violence and by the theoretical concepts of ageism and intersectionality. The results from the rather scarce experiences of cases of older people who are victims of violence showed that there were  major differences in how elder abuse is carried out and the forms it takes, compared to abuse towards younger age-groups. However, there seems to be a lack of knowledge about elder abuse as well as a lack of guidelines for how cases involving elder abuse should be managed in the social services. Our conclusion was that the lack of guidelines prevents social workers from identifying and fully understanding elder abuse, as well as obtaining knowledge of how cases involving elder abuse should be managed. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur äldre som utsätts för våld hanteras inom socialtjänsten samt om det finns skillnader i ärendehanteringen beroende på om klienterna är män eller kvinnor. För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med socialarbetare som arbetade inom socialtjänsten (n=6) och som hade erfarenhet av våld mot äldre. Data har analyserats med hjälp av Johan Galtungs modell om våld samt de teoretiska begreppen ålderism och intersektionalitet. Resultaten visade att äldre personer som utsatts för våld sällan förekommande fall inom socialtjänsten. Det finns stora skillnader i hur våld mot äldre utövas och hur det ter sig, jämfört med våld bland yngre åldersgrupper. Samtidigt är kunskapen om våld mot äldre bristfällig, och riktlinjer för hur ärenden som involverar våld mot äldre ska hanteras saknas i socialtjänsten. Vår slutsats var att avsaknaden av riktlinjer gjorde det svårare för socialarbetare att förstå och identifiera våld mot äldre, så väl som att få kunskap om hur ärenden som involverar våld mot äldre ska hanteras.