Stalking is extremely complicated phenomenon, which exists in our society. Despite the fact it's the subject of psychology studies for a long time, the knowledge about this phenomenon has spread to the public in the last few decades. This circulation was supported by the growth of electronic media, because in connection with this penetration it becomes easier a faster than before and stalkers gained new instruments to their hands. Victims were becoming constantly more vulnerable and society became fully conscious of the need of criminalization of this phenomenon. Stalking is a multidisciplinary phenomenon, which pervades many branches of research. Despite the knowledge about this phenomenon in public, information science and information management deal with stalking minimally. Therefore this thesis analyses stalking as a multidisciplinary phenomenon from the view not only informatics, but also from the view of other sciences. This thesis points to individual aspects of attacks through electronic media, to simplicity of their use and to the methods of defence against them. It points to the need of protection of personal data not only in a private life, but also in a professional life.

Bullying has been a problem affecting children for decades. The past two decades have seen an increased use of electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones for interpersonal communication. Electronic communication has virtually unlimited availability, accessibility and anonymity and these characteristics have enabled traditional face-to-face bullying to translate into the online world, resulting in what is known as cyberbullying. It has been found that adolescents spend as much time interacting by means of electronic media as they do in their face-to-face interactions, which increases their chances of being exposed to cyberbullying. The goal of the research was to explore the experiences of adolescents regarding cyberbullying. A qualitative research approach was utilised in order to obtain the information on the experiences of the adolescents from their personal point of view. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews, guided by an interview schedule. Due to the hidden nature of cyberbullying, snowball sampling was utilised to select adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18, who attended a secondary school in Gauteng and who were victims of cyberbullying. Ten participants (eight females and two males) formed the sample for the study. The findings of the study suggested that cyberbullying could have extremely negative emotional, social and educational consequences for the victim. These effects flowed over into other systems, affecting families, the peer group and the victim‟s school attendance. Friendships were often put to the test as many times the cyberbully came from within the victim‟s friendship circle. Cyberbullying can be regarded as a hidden phenomenon as many victims are too afraid to speak out about it. Furthermore, some victims who did report cyberbullying to parents or school authorities experienced that the seriousness of the cyberbullying was not appreciated by the adults. Based on the findings of this study it is clear that cyberbullying should be regarded as a serious social issue and parents, educators, social workers and other professionals as well as adolescents themselves need to be aware of the dangers of cyberbullying. It is recommended that professionals, such as social workers and educators, need to develop intervention strategies for handling cyberbullying, including strategies to raise awareness of cyberbullying, strategies for reporting it, support for victims and perpetrators, and formulating school policies and procedures to deal with the phenomenon. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / tm2015 / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

Excessive screen time in children is linked to reduced white matter integrity and developmental delays such as reduced vocabulary. Nevertheless, many parents allow their infants and toddlers to have access to screen devices. The current study examined mothers’ awareness of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations, parenting information sources utilized, and motivational and contextual factors associated with screen time exposure in mothers who had a child under the age of two. Results indicated that over 60% of mothers were aware of the recommendations, usually citing educational benefits as their rationale for infant screen time use. Most mothers reported they receive information from medical professionals or online platforms. These findings identify factors that researchers, policy makers, and public health professionals should consider when updating and disseminating information to the public in the near future.

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A rápida evolução e a ampla disseminação de tecnologias digitais estão mudando o contexto e o perfil dos aprendizes que hoje circulam naturalmente entre espaços físicos, espaços virtuais e espaços sociais diferentes, aprendendo em contextos formais e informais. Paradigmas educacionais atuais defendem a aprendizagem centrada no aprendiz que constrói seu conhecimento ao criar e desenvolver projetos, ao interagir com os objetos de estudo, com seus pares, com seus professores e mentores. A análise de requisitos etapa fundamental do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital - concentra-se essencialmente em aspectos computacionais a partir da identificação de fluxos de entrada e saída e dos processos que a ferramenta deverá executar. Entretanto, a análise de requisitos é difícil de ser conduzida quando os conteúdos e inter-relações são complexos e dinâmicos. Recentemente, a abordagem de ecossistemas tem sido usada para entender ou modelar fenômenos que surgem da tecnologia e de seu uso. Propomos utilizar esta abordagem para conceber novas ferramentas digitais de aprendizagem ao analisar seus requisitos, ou para analisar ferramentas existentes. Assim, propomos neste trabalho uma definição e um modelo de Ecossistema Digital de Aprendizagem, que podem ser aplicados tanto na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais quanto na análise para melhoria de ferramentas existentes. Um conjunto de artefatos, resultantes do detalhamento do modelo, é apresentado a fim de auxiliar na utilização do mesmo. A avaliação da aplicabilidade do modelo foi realizada por meio de sua utilização em estudos de caso de ferramentas educacionais desenvolvidas anteriormente. A aplicação do modelo evidenciou aspectos que não foram contemplados com abordagens tradicionais e permitiu levantar possíveis modificações e ampliações que podem levar a um estágio mais maduro do ecossistema. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do modelo na análise de ferramentas existentes apontam caminhos promissores para que esta estratégia seja usada na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais de aprendizagem. / The rapid evolution and dissemination of digital technology are changing the learners context and profile. Learners move naturally between different physical spaces, different virtual spaces and different social spaces, engaging in learning activities in formal and informal contexts. Educational paradigms defend a learner centered approach, where learners construct their knowledge creating and developing projects, interacting with learning objects, with their peers, their teachers and mentors. Requirements analysis is a fundamental phase in the development of digital tools and concentrates essentially on computational aspects consisting on the identification of the tools input and output flows as well as processing. Nevertheless, requirements analysis is difficult to conduct when contents and relations are complex and dynamic. Recently, the ecosystem approach has been used to understand and to model phenomena that appear from the technology and its use. We propose to use this approach to conceive new digital learning tools, analyzing its requirements, or to use this approach to analyze existing tools. Therefore we propose in this research a Digital Learning Ecosystem definition and model that can be applied to the conception of new educational tools, as well as to analyze and improve existing tools. The detailed model includes a set of artifacts that can support its application. The model applicability evaluation was achieved by applying it on previously developed study cases. The model application showed some aspects that were not considered with traditional approaches and raised possible modifications and extensions that can lead to a mature stage of the ecosystem. The model application analysis of existing tools showed promising results and indicate that this approach can be used to conceive new educational learning tools.

A rápida evolução e a ampla disseminação de tecnologias digitais estão mudando o contexto e o perfil dos aprendizes que hoje circulam naturalmente entre espaços físicos, espaços virtuais e espaços sociais diferentes, aprendendo em contextos formais e informais. Paradigmas educacionais atuais defendem a aprendizagem centrada no aprendiz que constrói seu conhecimento ao criar e desenvolver projetos, ao interagir com os objetos de estudo, com seus pares, com seus professores e mentores. A análise de requisitos etapa fundamental do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital - concentra-se essencialmente em aspectos computacionais a partir da identificação de fluxos de entrada e saída e dos processos que a ferramenta deverá executar. Entretanto, a análise de requisitos é difícil de ser conduzida quando os conteúdos e inter-relações são complexos e dinâmicos. Recentemente, a abordagem de ecossistemas tem sido usada para entender ou modelar fenômenos que surgem da tecnologia e de seu uso. Propomos utilizar esta abordagem para conceber novas ferramentas digitais de aprendizagem ao analisar seus requisitos, ou para analisar ferramentas existentes. Assim, propomos neste trabalho uma definição e um modelo de Ecossistema Digital de Aprendizagem, que podem ser aplicados tanto na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais quanto na análise para melhoria de ferramentas existentes. Um conjunto de artefatos, resultantes do detalhamento do modelo, é apresentado a fim de auxiliar na utilização do mesmo. A avaliação da aplicabilidade do modelo foi realizada por meio de sua utilização em estudos de caso de ferramentas educacionais desenvolvidas anteriormente. A aplicação do modelo evidenciou aspectos que não foram contemplados com abordagens tradicionais e permitiu levantar possíveis modificações e ampliações que podem levar a um estágio mais maduro do ecossistema. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do modelo na análise de ferramentas existentes apontam caminhos promissores para que esta estratégia seja usada na concepção de novas ferramentas educacionais de aprendizagem. / The rapid evolution and dissemination of digital technology are changing the learners context and profile. Learners move naturally between different physical spaces, different virtual spaces and different social spaces, engaging in learning activities in formal and informal contexts. Educational paradigms defend a learner centered approach, where learners construct their knowledge creating and developing projects, interacting with learning objects, with their peers, their teachers and mentors. Requirements analysis is a fundamental phase in the development of digital tools and concentrates essentially on computational aspects consisting on the identification of the tools input and output flows as well as processing. Nevertheless, requirements analysis is difficult to conduct when contents and relations are complex and dynamic. Recently, the ecosystem approach has been used to understand and to model phenomena that appear from the technology and its use. We propose to use this approach to conceive new digital learning tools, analyzing its requirements, or to use this approach to analyze existing tools. Therefore we propose in this research a Digital Learning Ecosystem definition and model that can be applied to the conception of new educational tools, as well as to analyze and improve existing tools. The detailed model includes a set of artifacts that can support its application. The model applicability evaluation was achieved by applying it on previously developed study cases. The model application showed some aspects that were not considered with traditional approaches and raised possible modifications and extensions that can lead to a mature stage of the ecosystem. The model application analysis of existing tools showed promising results and indicate that this approach can be used to conceive new educational learning tools.

Thesis (MEd. (Language and Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / Combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among young people has been one of the most difficult challenges in the small communities of rural Mafarana in South Africa, which is only one area surrounded by many other similar areas beset by similar problems. One of the major obstacles that hinder television (TV) health messages from reaching the targeted market is the communication barrier, little or no information, misinformation or misunderstanding are amid many other reasons. The objective of this study was to research the discourse analysis of high school learners’ interpretation of HIV/AIDS TV health messages. The study examined three objectives, aimed at providing a clear indication whether advertisers consider the need for using direct and clearly understood language to meet the required level of education of the targeted audience. Meeting these criteria would result in HIV/AIDS education having an impact on rural people’s knowledge and behaviour.

Šis darbas skirtas elektroninės žiniasklaidos ir jos vietos socialinėje komunikacijoje aptarimui. Tradicinė elektroninė žiniasklaida (radijas ir televizija) nuo savo atsiradimo socialinėje komunikacijoje dalyvavo tik kaip informacijos siuntėjai, nesuteikdami auditorijai galimybių reaguoti į pateikiamus pranešimus. 20 amžiuje įvykę svarbūs technologiniai ir ekonominiai pokyčiai, prasidėję globalizacijos procesai paskatino tradicinės elektroninės žiniasklaidos transformaciją. Prisitaikydama prie besikeičiančios socialinės aplinkos elektroninė žiniasklaida peržengė monologinio transliavimo ribas ir vis labiau stengiasi įtraukti į komunikacijos procesą savo auditoriją. Nauja žiniasklaidos forma internetas siūlo savo vartotojams naujas komunikacijos galimybes. Vienas iš šios elektroninės žiniasklaidos išskirtinumas - ji suteikia savo vartotojams galimybes ne tik susipažinti su naujienomis iš viso pasaulio, peržengiant laiko ir erdvės ribas, bet ir palikti savo atsiliepimus prie perskaitytos publikacijos bei diskutuoti su kitais skaitytojais. Anonimiškumas skatina didesnį skaitytojų atvirumą pasisakant opiais ir tabu laikomais klausimais. Šios naujos socialinės komunikacijos galimybės vertinamos dvejopai: vieni teigia, kad jos skatina visuomenės bendrumą ir sukuria naują „viešąją erdvę“; kiti mano, kad tai skatina visuomenės susvetimėjimą, individų atitrūkimą nuo socialinės realybės. Korupcijos skandalų atvejo tyrimas parodė, kad internetinė žiniasklaida orientuojasi į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main object of the work is electronic mass media ant its role in social communication. From their rise traditional mass media (television and radio) were acting only as information senders, but not as the receivers in the social communication processes. This caused the development of passive audience. However, electronic mass media has rapidly changed in the middle of the 20th century. New technologies and globalization processes have caused serious transformations in the mass media. Global electronic mass media and its new form the Internet are trying to produce more information suitable for each person’s use and to „pull in“ the audience in to social communication process. A new form of electronic mass media Internet provides new communication opportunities for its users. The main Internet difference from the other electronic mass media forms is not only its possibilities to reach information anywhere and anytime but also possibilities for the users to leave their responses/ feedback on the news and discuss them with other users. In such social communication anonymity plays important role, because it causes more open discussion among the Internet users. Such new communication opportunities are evaluated in two ways: some researchers say they encourage the feeling of affinity in a society and create a new „public sphere“, while others state they impel alienation in a society and a loss of touch with social reality. As corruption scandals case study showed the internet... [to full text]

Nutrition Education Professionals (NEP) working for Extension Agents of Kentucky were surveyed to evaluate their use of a variety of tools in nutrition education in three areas: nutrition, food safety, and food preparation. The purpose of this research was to determine the perception and usage of video streaming/electronic media among community nutrition professionals as a means to better educate individuals in Kentucky and furthermore, to determine if demographics of NEP affect their utilization of this technology. The results concluded that regardless of demographics, NEP perceive video streaming/electronic media to be effective in nutrition education. However, age, employment length, and video characteristics affect NEP inclination to use this technology