Master’s thesis is specialized to unemployment in the Bratislava region. Factors affecting unemployment and structure of applicants for a job in different sides of view are analyzed, active policy of employment is concerned, and proposal of measures leading to reduction of rate of unemployment in this region are included.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 versao_final_com_senha.pdf: 1162603 bytes, checksum: e403a46752deb9cd48afbc4a9bb4e1ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-22 / The initial objective of this work was to discuss the subject matter career in the organizational context, as the original research was carried out with 34 executives working for 12 national and multinational companies. The research evolution and consequent preparation of this essay have enlarged the perspective, because the contact with such professionals in a second interview has enabled to find out several kinds of career, and even some professionals who were unemployed at that time. In an objective way such trajectories, which were shot between the period comprised 2000 and 2004 started to be understood, and articulated to the changes in work relations resulting from the coming of the informational society, fruit of deep and intensive transformations roughly caused by the information technology and globalization in a capitalism under restructuring. In Brazil such impacts are not so much different from those occurred in other countries, and on basis of the careers reviewed it has been seen that the globalization has managed to spread out the modern career model, which is marked by instability, discontinuity and horizontality. Professionals with global careers in multinational companies, professionals with no space in such companies, as well as consultants and small businessmen, some of them happy and others deeply unsure and dissatisfied build the realities found in the analyzed trajectories from a few subject matters deemed to be critical factors for the success in the career: educational trajectory and experience in changing situations. Personal influences reviewed have also been considered by means of the subject matter coaches and guides. And the concept of Career Anchors suggests that self-knowledge and self-concept of professional motivations and trends can be obtained by means of the diversification and variety of professional experiences. For such professionals, identifying their career anchors may have been the key for their personal satisfaction and psychological success. In an unequal society marked by the chasm between an elite which got school graduation and has good jobs, and a mass with no access to formal employment and income conditions, it seems to be a privilege available to a few only. These two questions can be more deeply studied and require future research / O objetivo inicial deste trabalho era discutir o tema carreira no contexto organizacional, pois a pesquisa original foi realizada envolvendo 34 executivos empregados em 12 empresas nacionais e multinacionais. A evolução da pesquisa e a elaboração desta dissertação ampliaram esta perspectiva, pois o contato com estes profissionais, em uma segunda entrevista, encontrou diversos tipos de carreira, e até alguns profissionais momentaneamente desempregados. De modo que o objetivo passou a ser entender estas trajetórias, fotografadas entre 2000 e 2004, articulando-as às transformações das relações de trabalho decorrentes do advento da sociedade informacional, fruto das profundas e intensas transformações produzidas, grosso modo, pela tecnologia da informação e a globalização em um capitalismo que se reestrutura. Estes impactos, no Brasil, não diferem muito daqueles ocorridos em outros países e revela, por meio das carreiras analisadas, que a globalização tratou de difundir o modelo de carreira moderno que é marcado pela instabilidade, descontinuidade e horizontalidade. Profissionais com carreiras globais em empresas multinacionais, profissionais sem espaço nestas empresas, bem como consultores e pequenos empresários, alguns felizes e outros profundamente inseguros e insatisfeitos, são as realidades encontradas nas trajetórias analisadas a partir de alguns temas considerados fatores críticos de sucesso em carreira: trajetória educacional e vivência de situações de mudança. As influências pessoais nas carreiras analisadas também foram consideradas através do tema coaches e mentores. E o conceito de Âncoras de Carreira sugere que um autoconhecimento e autoconceito das motivações e inclinações profissionais podem ser obtidos por meio da diversificação e variedade de experiências profissionais. Identificar suas âncoras de carreira, para estes profissionais, pode ter sido a chave da satisfação pessoal e sucesso psicológico. Em uma sociedade desigual, marcada por um abismo entre uma elite escolarizada e bem empregada, e uma massa sem acesso a condições formais de emprego e renda, parece ser um privilégio disponível a poucos. Estas duas questões podem ser aprofundadas e requerem pesquisa futura

The unemployment leads to a deprivation of basic needs. Seriousness of unemployment depends on the lenght of its duration. Long-term unemployment leads to the apathy and evokes a short-time thinking. One of the main targets of employment policy is reduction of a long - term unemployment. The method of questionary investigation was used to gather the information. There were two questionary forms, one of them for the employed and second one for the jobless informants. Both forms contained total of 16 questions. Questions in a form for the employed were aimed to a fear of a losing of the job and questions aimed to the spending of a leisure time. In questionary forms for the jobless were questions aimed to a spending of a leisure time and questions aimed to their tendency to find a job. The experimental set of the employed was formed by the inhabitants of Budweis in South Bohemia. Rate of the returned questionary forms was 98%. The experimental set of the unemployed was formed from the jobless people registered in employment office in Budweis. Rate of the returned questionaries reached 87%. In my work I wanted to refer about problems of the unemployment with regard to human mentall condition. The aim of my work was to evaluate if the unemployment influenced human mentall condition. I predicted three hypotheses. Hypothesis No.1: Groups of person with problematic use on the employment market have a fear of losing the job, was confirmed. Hypothesis No.2: The empleyed people are using their leisure time for their perosnal growth than the people unemployed for more than 6 months, was confirmed. Hypothesis No.3: The people unemployed for a period more than 6 months have a smaller interest to find a job than the people unemployed for the period of 6 months and less, was confirmed also. The thesis treats the unemployment´s influence of a human mentall condition.This work has personally for me an impact of getting a theoretical knowledge about studied topic. The results point-out the fact that the unemployment influence a leisure-time activities. Duration of the unemployment influences an interest to find a job and competence to the risk group of the employed leads to the fear of losing a job and to the fear of searching for a new job. Benefit of my thesis might be useful for the education at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies

Examensarbetets syfte var att belysa och bidra till kunskaper om hur elva kommuner i en delregion förhåller sig till nya förutsättningar med en förändrad nationell arbetsmarknadspolitik efter Arbetsförmedlingens reformering 2019. Arbetet bidrar till att ge insikter kring kommunernas strategier för organisering och samverkan, samt konsekvenser för kommunala aktiviteter för deltagarna. Empirin är inhämtad med kvalitativ metod genom att djupintervjua elva kommunala chefer, med ansvar inom arbetsmarknadsområdet i sin kommun, på en strategisk eller strategisk/operativ nivå. Arbetsförmedlingens reformering har till exempel inneburit nedstängning av många lokala kontor och att insatser som tidigare ofta utfördes av kommunerna på uppdrag av Arbetsförmedlingen nu utförs av fristående aktörer. Som en följd av de statliga förändringarna har det påverkat den lokala arbetsmarknadspolitiken som kommunerna utför, med anpassning av kommunernas organisationer och vilka aktiviteter som kan erbjudas deltagarna i målgruppen. Arbetsförmedlingens reformering innebar till en början omfattande konsekvenser för den lokala samverkan och individsamverkan, vilket har fått en betydelse för utförandet av arbetsmarknadspolitiken i praktiken för kommunerna och kommunernas invånare. Examensarbetets teoretiska referensram beskriver att Arbetsförmedlingen har svårigheter i att kunna erbjuda flera av målgrupperna tillräckliga insatser, vanligen de deltagare som står längst ifrån arbetsmarknaden till exempel ungdomar, utrikesfödda och långtidsarbetslösa, grupper som ofta kan ha ett kommunalt ekonomiskt bistånd. Det medför att det kan finnas förväntningar att kommunerna ska utföra insatser för de som står längst ifrån arbetsmarknaden. Målgruppen utgör ofta en kostnad för kommuner och även om arbetsmarknadspolitiken i grunden är ett statligt ansvar agerar kommunerna med insatser för att reducera de egna kostnaderna för ekonomiskt bistånd. Det empiriska materialet i examensarbetet har analyserats tematiskt. För att synliggöra strukturen kontra individernas handlingars betydelse för förändringsprocesserna har analysen utgått från Giddens Struktureringsteori. Slutsatserna är att kommunerna har påverkats med omfattande anpassningar efter Arbetsförmedlingens reformering. Det har krävts olika individuella lokala strategiska beslut för att anpassa organiseringen, ofta med nedskärningar, och samverkan till de nya förutsättningarna. Kommunerna har även valt olika strategier vid anpassning av de aktiviteter som erbjuds olika grupper av deltagare och vilka målgrupper som kommunerna erbjuder aktiviteter. / The aim of the thesis was to shed light and contribute to knowledge about how eleven municipalities in a region are responding to new conditions with a changed national labour market policy after the reform of the Swedish Public Employment Service in 2019. The work contributes to insights into the municipalities' strategies for organization and cooperation, as well as consequences for municipal activities for participants. The empirical data was collected using qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with eleven municipal managers, responsible for the labour market area in their municipality, at a strategic or strategic/operational level. For example, the reform of the Swedish Public Employment Service has resulted in the closure of many local offices and that services that were previously often carried out by the municipalities on behalf of the Public Employment Service are now carried out by independent actors. As a result of the government changes, it has affected the local labour market policy that the municipalities carry out, with adaptation of the municipalities' organizations and which activities can be offered to the participants in the target group. The reform of the employment agency initially had extensive consequences for local and individual collaboration, which has been important for the implementation of labour market policy in practice for the municipalities and their residents. The thesis' theoretical framework describes that the Public Employment Service has difficulties in being able to offer several of the target groups sufficient activities, usually the participants who are the furthest from the labour market, such as young people, foreign-born and the long-term unemployed, groups that often can receive municipal economic support. This means that there may be expectations that the municipalities will carry out activities for those who are furthest from the labour market. The target groups represent a cost for the municipalities and even if labour market policy is fundamentally a state responsibility, the municipalities act with activities to reduce their own costs for economic support. The empirical material in the thesis has been analysed thematically. To make visible the structure versus the significance of individuals' actions for the change processes, the analysis has been based on Gidden's Structuration Theory. The conclusions are that the municipalities have been affected by extensive adaptations after the reform of the Swedish Public Employment Service. Various individual local strategic decisions have been required to adapt the organization, often with cuts, and collaboration to the new conditions. The municipalities have also chosen different strategies when adapting the activities offered to different groups of participants and which target groups the municipalities offer activities to.

民國69年，臺灣大學成立臺灣第一所圖書館學研究所碩士班，迄今已有25年，目前有臺灣大學、政治大學、中興大學、臺灣師範大學、淡江大學與輔仁大學共六所碩士班成立。然而學校所培養出來的學生是否符合目前圖書館與資訊服務市場的需求，可以透過碩士畢業生的就業情形，來加以評估課程設計與教學方針是否符合就業市場所需。 本研究旨在瞭解碩士畢業生的就業市場、工作能力需求與學校課程供應之現況，並進一步地探討工作能力需求與學校課程供應之供需狀態是否平衡，希望藉此研究瞭解臺灣圖書資訊學碩士生就業情形，並提供圖書資訊學教育與課程規劃與調整之參考。在研究方法上，採用「文獻分析法」、「問卷調查法」、「網路內容分析法」，與「深度訪談法」，運用量化與質化的方式，蒐集6校在民國90至94年碩士畢業生的就業情形及工作能力需求、92學年至94學年課表，與6校的教學理念，以瞭解及分析臺灣近五年碩士畢業生就業市場與工作能力需求是否能夠與圖書資訊學碩士教育達到平衡。 本研究發現：1.臺灣圖書資訊學碩士畢業生的就業市場除圖書館機構外，有新興市場出現，分為九大類，包括：(1)教育機構；(2)政府機構；(3)學術研究機構；(4)博物館、美術館與檔案館；(5)圖書館資訊整合系統公司；(6)電腦公司；(7)通訊/網際網路業；(8)大眾傳播業；(9)自行創業。2.圖書資訊學碩士畢業生的工作能力需求有42項，分別為圖書館與資訊服務專業能力(16項)、教學與研發能力(4項)、科技與管理能力(11項)、個人能力(11項)。3.圖書資訊學碩士畢業生欠缺的工作能力需求以科技與管理能力及個人能力為主。4.六所圖書資訊學研究所共有194門課開設。5.課程開設理念除市場與研究考量外，也依老師專長領域劃分。6.工作能力需求與課程供需未達平衡。 最後建議：1.課程應配合市場與能力需求。2.課程設計朝向專科性(Specialty)發展。3.建立學術界與實務界合作機制。4.建立各校畢業生就業輔導與追蹤機制。5.碩士畢業生應加強專業繼續教育。6.保持本學門核心價值與新科技應用。 / It has been twenty-five years as National Taiwan University established its Master Programs of Library and Information Science (LIS) in 1980. Since then, six universities in Taiwan began to offer LIS Master Programs: National Taiwan University, National Cheng-chi University, National Chung Hsing University, National Taiwan Normal University, Tamkang University, and Fu-Jen University. Therefore, the analysis of employment situations of LIS master graduates can be used to evaluate the suitability of the courses in meeting the current market needs in the library and information industries. This research is also helpful in determining whether the curriculum design and teaching principles meet current market needs. The purpose of this research is first of all, to understand the LIS master graduates’ employment status. With the outcome, this research seeks to determine whether the working skills of the LIS master graduates match the programs’ curriculum design. Furthermore, the result also reveals if those LIS students fit in the employment market in Taiwan and brings up positive suggestions to adjust the courses for future use. The research methods of the study are as follows: “Questionnaire Survey”, “Websites Content Analysis”, and “In-depth Interview”. In questionnaire survey, we collect the statistics of LIS master graduates employment and the demand over them on work competence from 2001 to 2005. In websites content analysis, we gather class curriculums between 2003 and 2005, and the teaching principles of those six universities stated above. Followed by quantitative and qualitative analyses, this research achieves a better understanding on the correlation between the demand of LIS master graduates’ employment and work competence, and the supply of the LIS education in Taiwan for the past five years. Below are the findings: 1. There are emerging markets other than library institutions, including: educational institutions, governmental institutions, academic institutions, museums/galleries/archives, corporations of integrated library information systems, computer corporations, communication/internet industry, mass media dissemination industry and enterprisers. 2. There are totally forty-two core competencies for a LIS master graduate: LIS skills (16 items), skills of teaching and research (4 items), skills of techniques and administration (11 items), and personal skills (11items). 3. LIS master graduates are most lack of work competencies in technology, administration, and personal skills. 4. There are total 194 curriculums available within these six Master Programs. 5. In addition to the concerns of market and research, these curriculums are classified as well according to the faculty’s professional backgrounds. 6. It is unbalanced between the demand of work competencies and the supply of training curriculums in LIS Master Programs. The study makes final suggestions as follows: 1. The curriculum should meet the demand of work competence. 2. The curriculum should move toward specialty. 3. A cooperative link should be established between academics and library and information industries. 4. LIS Master Programs should create career consulting and employment monitoring system. 5. Master graduates should keep their continuous professional education. 6. The core value should be maintained and new technology application should be used well.