The South African government is committed to breaking the cycle of underdevelopment and marginalisation of black people and is utilising Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment as a key strategy to achieve its objectives of creating a fair and just society. The South African private hospital industry is highly competitive and regulated and the jury is still out on whether and how this industry is transforming. This research sought to assess the implementation of BBBEE and its importance to corporate strategy in selected private hospital groups based in Gauteng. The results of the research will add to the body of knowledge and practice regarding the implementation of BEE in South Africa. The literature suggested that there was little progress being made on BBBEE and qualitative research methods were utilised to find out if this was the case. The key findings were that participants felt that their hospital groups were doing in meeting the DTI BBBEE targets, the hospital groups found it difficult to meet targets on preferential procurement, ownership, management control and employment equity. Corporate strategy approaches were utilised by the previously white-owned groups. Strategies employed were successful and BBBEE was of strategic importance to the hospital groups. Black-owned companies were not making any concerted efforts to implement BBBEE. Recommendations are made to government, private hospital groups and for future research.Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Empowerment betyder makt och att ha förmågan att ha kontroll över sitt eget liv. Empowerment används inom många olika verksamheter såsom vården, utbildning och ekonomi. Begreppet kan användas av alla som på något sätt arbetar med att hjälpa människor både inom den privata och offentliga sektorn. Det är därför av intresse att undersöka vad som är betydelsefullt för att sjuksköterskor ska känna empowerment. / Empowerment means power and the ability to have control over one’s own life. Empowerment is used in many different sectors such as healthcare , education and economics. Empowerment can be used by anyone who in any way works to help people in both private and public sectors. It is therefore of interest to investigate what is important for nurses to feel empowerment.

No description available.

A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters in Recreation and Tourism in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2007. / The tourism industry is considered as the key towards Black people empowerment in uMhlathuze Municipality. This study examine whether Black Economic Empowerment [BEE] in tourism can contribute to the upliftment of Black people. Hence, the aim of this research inquiry, among other things, was to assess the impact and potential of the BEE policy towards promotion of tourism entrepreneurship among Black people in the study area. The aim was simplified into objectives also used to guide this study: The objectives focussed on examining the understanding, awareness, access to the BEE finances and the roles of stakeholders. The promotion of entrepreneurship among the Black people was view in this study as critical for success of the BEE policy in tourism. A research method followed by this study was the survey technique, using self-administered questionnaire. The structured survey used closed ended objective questions. A sample of 160 respondents was acquired, based on a statistical population of about 300 000 people in the study area. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] computer programme. The tabled numerical data was analysed. Literature was used to comprehend, give insight on the issues that needed investigation, to support the findings as well as to make conclusions. This study found that the BEE policy has the potential to contribute towards tourism entrepreneurship within the study area. The Black people were not sufficiently involved in the ownership of tourism businesses. The study has found that there is a lack of entrepreneurship skill access to information and finance for BEE related entrepreneurial activities. The uMhlathuze Municipality lacks the capacity to monitor the implementation of the BEE. The study concludes by suggesting that, because of the found shortcomings, the aims of the Black Economic Empowerment policy are not realised by the majority of Black people in the study area.

Theses Submitted to the Department of Sociology in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Sociology in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2018. / Development agencies, non-government Organizations (NGOs) and government organizations around the world aim for the betterment of women in all spheres of their lives. Empowerment has been considered the main focal point towards the achievement of the wellbeing of women. The study was about cooperatives and women empowerment. It investigated the extent to which participation, empowerment, capacitation and benefits of membership contribute in enabling cooperatives to empower women. This study applied the Capability Approach (CA) in an attempt to understand the need and importance of capabilities to women in a cooperative. The quality of life of an individual is analysed in terms of the core concepts of functionings and capability, thus the CA focuses directly on the quality of life that individuals are actually able to achieve. The Capability Approach proposed that the most vital thing to deliberate when valuing well-being is what people are actually able to do. Capacitation to disadvantaged people is very important in that it ensures services and assistants directly meet their needs. Participatory planning can be regarded as an instrument for identifying the needs of all persons within a community, a way of constructing harmony, and means of empowering deprived or marginalised groups. Participatory development has created the need that there should be inclusion of everyone concerned in the decision making that enables the utilization of all ideas and experiences especially of the poor in rural communities and that they should have influence in the decision making process. The study hypothesized that the perceived level of participation; empowerment and capacitation will determine the benefit of membership in a cooperative. The survey was conducted using a Five-Level Likert scale to decipher respondents’ perceptions of level of participation, empowerment, capacitation, and perceived benefits. In the beginning of analysis, responses (N=110) were reduced using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to determine how questionnaire items contributed to variables under consideration, variables extracted were correlated and regressed. A linear regression analysis was used to describe how a benefit of membership mediates the relationship between participation, empowerment and capacitation. iii The results showed that members’ perceived levels of empowerment mediate their Perceived Benefits of membership (PERBEME). This shows how benefits of membership in a cooperative are determined and empowerment experienced. Cooperatives have a potential of empowering women and that is achieved through democratic operation, where members equally participate in the daily business. The findings showed a correlation between independent and dependent variables. The findings further demonstrated that capacitation, empowerment and participation, influence change on the benefits of membership in a co-operative. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2017 / The study was about cooperatives and the empowerment of disabled people. It investigated the extent in which participation, capacitation and satisfaction with management contribute in enabling cooperatives to empower disabled people. The Capability Approach proposed that the most vital thing to deliberate when valuing well-being is what people are actually able to do. Capacitation to disadvantaged people is very important in that it ensures services and assistants directly meet their needs. Participatory planning can be regarded as an instrument for identifying the needs of all persons within a community, a way of constructing harmony, and means of empowering deprived or marginalised groups. Empowerment is a varied practices enabling people to maintain themselves by providing power that they might use in dealing with issues they declare important. Satisfaction with management is determined by the work environments that satisfy the social, economic and personal fundamentals of the individual. Benefit of membership is a combination of personal adaptive technologies and modifications in a workplace attitudes and configurations can enable even those who have very significant impairments to work effectively. The assimilation of Perceived Level of Empowerment (PERLEMP), Perceived Level of Participation (PERLEPAR), and Perceived Level of Capacitation (PERLECA) showed that Satisfaction with Management of a Cooperative (SAMACO) mediates on Perceived Benefits of Membership (PERBEME). Thus the study showed that benefit of membership in a cooperative is determined by participation, capacitation and satisfaction with management of a cooperative. The study hypothesised that perceived participation, capacitation, empowerment and satisfaction with management will determine the benefit of membership in a cooperative. Where disabled people seek empowerment they will join a cooperative. Where they seek their benefit in a cooperative, they will consider their level of participation, empowerment, capacitation and satisfaction with management will as well be considered. A survey was conducted using a Five-Level Likert scale to decipher respondents‟ perceptions of level of participation, empowerment, capacitation, satisfaction with management and perceived benefits. In the beginning of analysis, responses (N=28) were reduced using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to determine how questionnaire items contributed to variables under consideration. Afterwards, variables extracted were correlated and regressed. While bivariate correlation was used to test the simple relationship between variables. A linear regression analysis was used to describe how satisfaction with management mediates the relationship between participation, empowerment and capacitation. MANCOVA was used to test the mediation effects of independent variables PERLEPAR, PERLEMP and PERLECA. The results showed that PERLECA was the desired description for cooperatives for the empowerment of disabled people at Zamani Disabled People‟s Organization. On the basis of the results, cooperatives have a potential of empowering disabled people and that is achieved through democratic operation, where members equally participate in the daily business and inclusion in decision-making.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Education in the Department of Education Planning and Administration at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2001. / One of the greatest challenges facing teachers in the new democratic South Africa has to do with understanding and facilitating change in education. The question of how teachers can be empowered at the school level was, therefore, a problem necessitating this research. The aim of the study was to discover educationally accepted ways and means of empowering teachers for change. It aimed at establishing what teachers need to do to acquire self-empowered behaviour, and what principals ought to do to see to the empowerment of their teachers for change. To carry out this study, the student made an in-depth study of literature on educational change and the empowerment role of principals. For empirical investigation use was made of observation method and interviews. The major findings that have emerged from this study are that teachers are not adequately involved in implementing changes directed by current policy documents, and that there is very little that is being done at school to promote change. Another finding is that schools are found to be lacking resources that may be utilized to promote or facilitate change, such as democratic governance, human rights culture and curriculum change. The principals were found to be doing very little to assist and motivate teachers for change. It was found that there was lack of efforts to facilitate self-empowered behaviour among both teachers and principals. The recommendation suggested focus on action to be taken by both teachers and principals. The principals are responsible for facilitating the implementation of change by empowering teachers at a school level.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This study explores what constitutes empowerment among a small group of Appalachian women and the developmental and cultural factors that they believe contribute to such empowerment. Twelve women completed in-depth interviews and questionnaires about their lifespan development with regard to cultural context and progression through Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development. The purpose of the study was to explore women's perceptions of what empowerment is for them and how this is influenced by their developmental histories. This study is a unique contribution to the literature in that it focuses on empowerment from a developmental perspective and seeks to identify factors in lifespan development and cultural context that affect empowerment, focusing on a frequently marginalized population, Appalachian women. The data were examined within an Eriksonian framework in relationship to how successful development through Erikson's psychosocial stages affects empowerment.Qualitative analysis of the results indicated that the participants felt that developmental and cultural factors did contribute to the degree of empowerment women experience as adults. The results also indicated that the Appalachian environment and culture supported their empowerment. The findings also reveal a positive relationship between the degree of empowerment experienced by the women and their successful resolution through the eight psychosocial stages of development. The findings further indicate that the experience and definition of empowerment may be as diverse as women themselves. However, the consistent theme found for all of the women in this study was that the essence of empowerment is experienced as a form of inner strength. The conclusion of this study is that, whether one perceives empowerment to come from internal or external factors, from one's upbringing, one's culture, one's God, or one's spirit, the essence of empowerment is experienced as the freedom to be one's self, in all one's glory. / Master of Science

Die Fragestellung, ob Question-Prompt-Lists (QPLs) interaktionales Empowerment fördern, wurde nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand noch nicht untersucht. Bei QPLs handelt es sich um kurze Fragensets oder Kernfragen bezüglich der eigenen Erkrankung oder der Behandlung, die Patient:innen beispielsweise unmittelbar vor einem Aufklärungsgespräch erhalten, um sich aktiv auf dieses vorzubereiten. Der Nutzen einer solchen QPL konnte bereits in zahlreichen Studien belegt werden. Ebenso kommt der Thematik Empowerment bei der Behandlung von Krebspatient:innen eine wichtige Rolle zu: die Betroffenen sollen dahingehend ermutigt und bestärkt werden, sich aktiv mit der eigenen Erkrankung, deren Folgen und Behandlung auseinanderzusetzen, um so schließlich ein höheres Maß an Kontrolle und Lebensqualität zu erlangen. Ziel der Studie war es, den positiven Effekt einer QPL bezüglich des Empowerments der Teilnehmer:innen aufzuzeigen. Die Fragestellung dieser prospektiv randomisiert kontrollierten Studie war es, ob eine QPL einen signifikanten Effekt auf das Empowerment von Krebspatient:innen haben kann. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in der Ambulanz für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburgs. Insgesamt konnten 279 Patient:innen in die Studie eingeschlossen werden, 140 Teilnehmer:innen in der Interventionsgruppe und 139 Teilnehmer:innen in der Kontrollgruppe, die nach Randomisierung jeweils ihrer Gruppe zugeteilt wurden. Die Patient:innen der Interventionsgruppe erhielten unmittelbar vor dem Gespräch mit dem behandelnden Arzt/ der behandelnden Ärztin eine QPL, anhand derer sie sich individuelle Fragen als Vorbereitung auf das Aufklärungsgespräch überlegen konnten, wohingegen die Teilnehmer:innen der Kontrollgruppe keine solche QPL erhielten. Die aufklärenden Ärzte/ Ärztinnen wussten jeweils nicht, welche Patient:innen zuvor eine QPL erhalten hatten. Nach dem Aufklärungsgespräch füllten beide Gruppen von Teilnehmer:innen dann einen Fragebogen aus, mit Hilfe dessen nach Addition der einzelnen Fragewerte zu einem Summen-Score das Maß an Empowerment gemessen werden sollte. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich der Mittelwert des Summen-Scores signifikant zwischen der Interventionsgruppe (M=21,7; SE=0,22; SD=2,65) und der Kontrollgruppe (M=20,8; SE=0,26; SD=3,08) bei einem Signifikanzlevel von alpha=0,05 und einer Effektgröße von d=0,29 (r=0,16): t(277)=2,71; p=0,007, 95% CI [-1,61, -0,26] unterschied. Außerdem konnte beim Vergleich der einzelnen Fragen des Auswertungsbogens selbst bei 4 von 8 Frageitems ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Interventionsgruppe und Kontrollgruppe gezeigt werden. Hierbei handelte es sich um Fragen, die den Fokus auf die relationale, also die beziehungsorientierte Komponente des Aufklärungsgesprächs legten, im Gegensatz zu den Fragen, die den Fokus auf den reinen Zuwachs von Informationen, also die informative Komponente des Aufklärungsgesprächs legten. Somit kann abschließend von einem signifikanten Effekt der Intervention, dem Gebrauch einer QPL, in Bezug auf das Konstrukt Empowerment bei Krebspatient:innen ausgegangen werden. Mit der QPL konnte ein einfaches, gut durchführbares Instrument in den klinischen Alltag der Strahlenambulanz des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg implementiert werden, das von einem Großteil der Patient:innen gut angenommen und als hilfreich bewertet wurde. / The question whether Question-Prompt-Lists (QPLs) promote interactional empowerment has not been investigated to current knowledge. QPLs consist of short sets of questions or core questions regarding one's own illness or treatment, which patients receive immediately before an consultation for example to actively prepare themselves for it. The benefit of such QPLs has already been proven in numerous studies. Similarly, empowerment plays an important role in the treatment of cancer patients: those who are affected should be encouraged and empowered to actively engage with their illness, its consequences and treatment, finally aiming for a higher level of control and quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate an positive effect of a QPL on the empowerment of participants. The objective of this prospective randomized controlled study was to determine, whether a QPL could have a significant effect on the empowerment of cancer patients. Data collection took place at the Outpatient Department for Radiotherapy at the University Hospital Würzburg. A total of 279 participants were included in the study, 140 participants in the intervention group and 139 participants in the control group, who were each assigned to their group after randomization. Patients in the intervention group received a QPL right before the consultation with the treating physician, allowing them to consider individual questions as preparation for the consulation, whereas participants in the control group did not receive such a QPL. The physicians were unaware of which patients had previously received a QPL. After the consulatation, both groups of participants completed a questionnaire, which, by adding the individual question values to form a sumscore, was intended to measure the level of empowerment. It was shown that the mean of the sumscore differed significantly between the intervention group (M=21.7; SE=0.22; SD=2.65) and the control group (M=20.8; SE=0.26; SD=3.08) at a significance level of alpha=0.05 and an effect size of d=0.29 (r=0.16): t(277)=2.71; p=0.007, 95% CI [-1.61, -0.26]. Additionally, when comparing the individual questions of the evaluation questionnaire, a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group was shown for 4 out of 8 question items. These questions focused on the relational component of the consulatation, in opposite to the questions focusing on the pure transfer of knowledge, i.e., the informative component of the consultation. Thus, in conclusion, a significant effect of the intervention, the use of a QPL, regarding the construct of empowerment with cancer patients, can be assumed. With the QPL, a simple, feasible instrument has been implemented into the clinical routine of the Outpatient Department of Radiotherapy at the University Hospital Würzburg, which was well accepted and rated as helpful by a majority of patients.