Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 opromolla_pa_me_botfm_prot.pdf: 754648 bytes, checksum: 09f79547953ef852e6639cfa246600d3 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo. / Click electronic access below.

Resumo: Clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo. / Abstract: Click electronic access below. / Orientador: Ivete Dalben / Coorientador: Márcio Cardim / Mestre

abstract: The Upper Verde River of central Arizona flows through a landscape of complex geology at the meeting of seven biotic communities and three physiographic provinces. This has resulted in notably diverse flora and fauna and a hub of rare and endemic plant species. The river has sustained cultures since pre-history, however current regional water use is predicted to diminish streamflow over the next century. Prior to this project, no floristic inventory had been conducted along any section of the Verde. The purpose of this study was to develop a Flora of the Upper Verde River, with the goals of documenting rare and endemic species, the composition and abundance of wetland plants, and the factors shaping plant diversity in the region. I made a total of 1856 collections and reviewed past collections to produce a checklist of 729 vascular plant taxa in 403 genera and 98 families. The most species-rich family is the Poaceae, followed by Asteraceae and Fabaceae. The flora includes 159 wetland taxa, 47 endemics, and 26 taxa of conservation concern, eight of which are Federally listed. Several new populations were found in these categories and of rarely-collected taxa including one state record, three county records and several range extensions. I report on the local status of several endemics, wetland taxa with limited distributions, and relict populations of a tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) that were likely transported to the region and cultivated by pre-Columbian cultures. I categorize thirteen distinct plant communities, the most abundant being Pinyon/Juniper Woodland, Chihuahuan/Apacherian Scrub, and Riparian Deciduous Forest. Four primary factors influence floristic diversity of the Upper Verde region: 1) a location at the junction of three physiographic and floristic provinces—represented by co-occurrence of species with affinities to the Sonoran, Intermountain and Madrean regions, 2) geologic diversity—as distinct groups of species are associated with particular geologic types, 3) topographic and habitat complexity—allowing species adapted to disparate environments to co-occur, and 4) human introductions—since over 15% of the flora is composed of introduced species from Eurasia and several taxa were introduced to the region and cultivated by pre-Columbian cultures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Plant Biology 2015

Orientador: João Pedro Albino / Resumo: Os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas – SIG – têm sido muito utilizados pelos órgãos de saúde para análise e tomada de decisão nas ações de combate a diversas doenças e têm alcançado resultados dentro dos parâmetros de controle dos vetores, porém essas análises não permitem uma fácil verificação de tendências e evolução das mesmas, ocasionando demora na tomada de decisão e, comumente, um superdimensionamento dos recursos utilizados. Com o objetivo de criar uma visualização mais eficaz, foi desenvolvido um método de análise e representação de dados de endemias que permitiu o desenvolvido de mapas interativos capazes de representar a densidade, a concentração e a dispersão dos casos (mapa de calor - heatmap), utilizando o Sistema R e Python. Ao aplicar este método baseado nos dados de casos de leishmaniose humana, fornecidos pela Secretaria da Saúde na cidade de Marília, interior de São Paulo, no período de 2011 a 2019, foi possível identificar com mais precisão em quais locais estão ocorrendo a transmissão animal-humana. A interação na linha do tempo do mapa permitiu verificar o comportamento dessa contaminação, sendo possível prever por quais regiões os casos devem se alastrar e quais os principais pontos de bloqueio do avanço da doença devem ser definidos. / Abstract: Geographic Information Systems - GIS - have been widely used by health agencies for analysis and decision making in actions to combat various diseases and have achieved results within the parameters of vector control, however these analyzes do not allow an easy verification of trends and their evolution, causing delay in decision making and, commonly, an oversizing of the resources used. In order to create a more effective visualization, a method of analysis and representation of endemic data was developed that allowed the creation of interactive maps capable of representing the density, concentration and dispersion of the cases (density map - heatmap), using the R and Python System. By applying this method based on data from cases of human leishmaniasis, provided by the Secretariat of Health in the city of Marília, in the interior of São Paulo, from 2011 to 2019, it was possible to identify more precisely in which locations animal-human transmission is occurring. The interaction in the timeline of the map allowed to verify the behavior of this contamination, making it possible to predict which regions the cases should spread to and which are the main points of blocking the progress of the disease. / Mestre

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21177号 / 人博第849号 / 新制||人||203(附属図書館) / 29||人博||849(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 瀬戸口 浩彰, 教授 加藤 眞, 教授 市岡 孝朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

La hibridació natural a plantes és un fenòmen àmplement conegut. És una important font de variabilitat que accelera l'evolució de les espècies. Es creu que és l'origen de moltes angiospermes, entre elles endemismes locals. Per altra banda, també pot tenir efectes negatius per la supervivència d'aquests endemismes, diluint els seus trets direfencials. En aquesta tesi s'estudia la possible hibridació natural que afecta a tres endemismes baleàrics (Viola jaubertiana, Lotus fulgurans i Helichrysum crassifolium), des del punt de vista dels marcadors moleculars basats en ADN i de la morfologia. S'avalua el paper de la hibridació natural la variabilitat, l'origen i la conservació d'aquestes espècies endèmiques. / Natural hybridization is a widely known process in plants. It is an important source of variation promoting species evolution. It is likely to be the origin of many angiosperms, including local endemisms. Oppositely, it is also regarded as a potential threat for endemisms survivorship, diluting their differentail traits. This thesis deals with putative natural hybridization processes involving three Balearic endemics (Viola jaubertiana, Lotus fulgurans i Helichrysum crassifolium), from the points of view of the DNA molecular markers and the morphology. The role of natural hybridization in the variation, origin, and conservation of the above endemics is evaluated.

Η Εύβοια είναι το δεύτερο μεγαλύτερο σε έκταση νησί της Ελλάδας, στο οποίο απαντάται μεγάλη ποικιλομορφία αναγλύφου, γεωλογικού υποστρώματος και υψομέτρου, ιδιαίτερα στο βόρειο τμήμα του. Σε συνδυασμό με το κλίμα που επικρατεί, δημιουργούνται κατάλληλες συνθήκες, οι οποίες ευνοούν την ανάπτυξη σπανίων ή απειλούμενων φυτικών ειδών και υποειδών μεγάλου επιστημονικού ενδιαφέροντος. Το Quercus trojana subsp. euboica, η ευβοϊκή δρυς όπως ονομάζεται κοινώς, είναι ένα από τα ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέροντα φυτικά taxa, τα οποία φύονται στη βόρεια Εύβοια. Μάλιστα, είναι ένα από τα στενότοπα ενδημικά taxa της Εύβοιας και ταυτόχρονα το μοναδικό ενδημικό υποείδος του γένους Quercus στην Ελλάδα. Έχει χαρακτηριστεί ως Τρωτό (VU) βάσει της κατηγοριοποίησης της IUCN (2001) σύμφωνα με το κριτήριο C1, όμως οι περιοχές εξάπλωσής του δεν υπόκεινται ακόμη σε καθεστώς νομικής προστασίας. Υφίσταται πιέσεις από ανθρωπογενείς επιδράσεις όπως πυρκαγιές, βόσκηση και υλοτομίες. Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας εργασίας ξεκίνησε η διαδικασία παρακολούθησης (monitoring) της κατάστασης στη φύση του ενδημικού taxon Quercus trojana subsp. euboica. Ως “monitoring” ορίζονται οι επανειλημμένες μετρήσεις διαφόρων παραγόντων και μεταβλητών (αριθμός ατόμων εκάστοτε taxon, ύψος-διάμετρος κορμού, εδαφοκάλυψη, ανθοφορία, καρποφορία, φυτρωτικότητα ατόμων, βιωσιμότητα αρτιφύτρων κ.ά.) σε βάθος χρόνου και σε έκταση. Τοποθετήθηκαν δέκα συνολικά επιφάνειες παρακολούθησης επιφάνειας 25 m2 η καθεμία στις περιοχές εξάπλωσής του, με επιμέρους υποτετράγωνα 1 m2. Πραγματοποιήθηκε έρευνα επί τρία έτη και καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια του έτους. Πάρθηκαν ποικίλες μετρήσεις (γεωγραφικό μήκος-πλάτος, υψόμετρο, κλίση-έκθεση, εδαφολογικές παρατηρήσεις), ενώ συλλέχθηκαν φυτικά δείγματα για την πλήρη χλωριδική ανάλυση και φωτογραφήθηκε λεπτομερώς κάθε επιφάνεια. Πραγματοποιήθηκε ταξινομικός προσδιορισμός των δειγμάτων βάσει της πλέον πρόσφατης βιβλιογραφίας, έγινε προσδιορισμός των βιομορφών, διάκριση των χωρολογικών στοιχείων και φυτοκοινωνιολογική ανάλυση σύμφωνα με τη μέθοδο Braun-Blanquet. Έτσι, βρέθηκαν 93 taxa στις περιοχές εξάπλωσης της ευβοϊκής δρυός, με κυρίαρχες οικογένειες την Asteraceae (17%) και την Poaceae (6%). Τα Ημικρυπτόφυτα αποτελούν σχεδόν το 41% του συνόλου, ενώ το 44,1% είναι Μεσογειακά taxa. Επίσης, παρατηρήθηκαν 18 ελληνικά ενδημικά taxa, εκ των οποίων τα 6 είναι στενότοπα ενδημικά. Έπειτα, όλες οι δειγματοληπτικές επιφάνειες καταχωρήθηκαν στη βάση δεδομένων Turboveg και χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πρόγραμμα TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis) για να ομαδοποιηθούν οι φυτοληψίες. Ακόμη, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis-DECORANA) για τη δημιουργία γραφικής απεικόνισης του πίνακα των φυτοκοινωνιολογικών δεδομένων. Επιπλέον, χρησιμοποιώντας το πρόγραμμα SPSS 13.0 πραγματοποιήθηκε Ανάλυση Ομαδοποίησης (Cluster Analysis) με τη μέθοδο Σύνδεσης Γειτόνων (Neighbor Joining) για τις δέκα επιφάνειες παρακολούθησης. Ο δείκτης που χρησιμοποιήθηκε είναι αυτός της παρουσίας-απουσίας ειδών Jaccard. Όπως προκύπτει από τη μελέτη αυτή, οι περιοχές εξάπλωσης της ευβοϊκής δρυός φαίνεται να έχουν υποστεί συρρίκνωση από την πυρκαγιά του 1977, ενώ οι πληθυσμοί της κινδυνεύουν από τη διαρκή πίεση της βόσκησης. Τέλος, προτείνονται μέτρα για την καλύτερη πρoστασία του Quercus trojana subsp. euboica. / Evvia is the second largest greek island, which is characterized by a great variety of terrain, geologic substrate and altitude, especially in its northern part. In combination with the climate, the appropriate conditions are met that favor the evolvement of rare or endangered plant species and subspecies of great scientific interest. Quercus trojana subsp. euboica, the euboean oak as it is commonly reffered to, is one of the most interesting plant taxa that grow in northern Evvia. Not only is it one of the local endemic taxa of northern Evvia, but it is the unique endemic subspecies of the Quercus genus in Greece. It has been characterized as vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN (2001) categories and the C1 criteria, though it has yet not been included in a protectin law regime. It has been under the constant pressure of human impact such as fire, browsing and timbering. During this study, monitoring the status of the endemic taxon Quercus trojana subsp. euboica has begun. The monitoring process involves the repeated measurement of multiple factors and variables (such as measurement of height/diameter, soil-coverage, florescence, fruition, germination/viability of individuals etc.) in a length of time and area extent. A number of ten monitoring plots was set, each plot occupying a surface of 25 m2 in total, with 25 subplots of 1 m2. The study lasted three years and was conducted throughout the year. Multiple measurements took place (geographic length and width, altitude, gradient, exposure etc.), while plant samples were collected in the framework of a full floristic analysis and each monitoring plot was thoroughly photographed. A taxonomic assessment of the plant samples was conducted according to the latest bibliography, as well as a distinction of biomorphs and geographic elements. Moreover, a phytosociologic analysis was conducted according to the Braun-Blanquet method. Thus, 93 different taxa were found in the vicinity of the territories that Quercus trojana subsp. euboica takes up. Asteraceae and Poaceae families were found to be dominant in the plots with a percentage of 17% and 6% respectively. Hemicryptophyts represent 41%, while the Mediterranean elements dominate with a percentage of 44,1%. Nevertheless, 18 greek endemic plant taxa were found, 6 of which are local endemics of Evvia. Thereinafter, all of the monitoring plots were registered in the TurboVeg database and the TWINSPAN (Two-way indicator species analysis) program was used in order to group the plots. Furthermore, the DCA method (Detrended Correspondence Analysis-DECORANA) was used for the creation of a graphic display of the phytosociologic data index. The SPSS 13.0 program was used so that a Cluster Analysis was conducted, using the Neighbor Joining Method for the 10 plots. The Jaccard presence-absence indicator was used. In a nutshell, this study showed that Quercus trojana subsp. euboica territories of appearance have been reduced after the 1977 wildfire, while the taxon’s population is in danger due to the constant pressure of goat grazing. Concluding, measures for better protection of the taxon are proposed.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-08T15:08:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaísAK_DISSERT.pdf: 1952872 bytes, checksum: d756cff8a38a02ad11767b390ea5ce27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T15:08:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaísAK_DISSERT.pdf: 1952872 bytes, checksum: d756cff8a38a02ad11767b390ea5ce27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal chronic disease when left untreated. In Brazil, is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum is transmitted primarily by sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, the dog as the main reservoir. The control of this disease has been in a challenge to public health, and as a proposal for a measure of control of canine VL using dog collars impregnated with deltamethrin to 4% in dogs. Thus, the research aims to assess the effectiveness of these collars on the prevalence of canine VL and infection rate of sandfly to L. infantum in endemic areas for VL. The survey was conducted in two areas equidistant from the city of Mossoró/RN, with similar environmental characteristics. In both of these areas were carried out two surveys every six months and to serologic canines are search for a year, and in a were performed only the procedures mentioned above, being named Control Area (AC) and the other, in addition to the steps mentioned earlier were also carried out two collaring dogs with collars impregnated with deltamethrin the 4% that occurred every six months This area was named “Encoleiramento” Area (AE). For diagnosis of canine VL was made DPP and ELISA. The analysis of the prevalence of canine VL was carried out through the Chi-square test and the incidence rate of the disease through the Odds ratio. For the collection of sandflies were selected three houses in each of the areas, the insects were collected monthly using CDC light traps and separated by species, sex, stage of investigation and research. The morphological identification of sandflies and the females were subjected to real-time PCR for the detection of DNA of L. infantum. With regard to prevalence and incidence rates of VL, evaluating the areas in isolation, one could observe that the use of dog collars was able to reduce the prevalence of the disease in AE and 53 to 59% reduction in the risk of illness. As the sandfly, collected the species L. longipalpis, L. evandroi, L. cortelezzii and L. migonei, with 81,8% % L. longipalpis. Positive pools were obtained from L. longipalpis of AE only during the first investigation while in AC could observe the presence of DNA of the parasite in vector in both investigations. Based on the results, the use of impregnated with deltamethrin collars to 4% has the potential to reduce the prevalence of canine VL as well as allows a reduction in at least 53% the risk of illness. It is also possible to suggest that the continued use of these dog collars can have the potential to reduce the rate of infected sandflies. Thus, impregnated with deltamethrin collars to 4% can be indicated as a control measure for the disease, together with other measures currently recommended / A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença crônica potencialmente fatal quando não tratada. No Brasil, é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum é transmitida principalmente pelo flebotomíneo Lutzomyia longipalpis, tendo o cão como principal reservatório urbano. O controle desta afecção tem consistido em um desafio para a Saúde Pública, e como proposta de medida de controle da LV canina tem-se a utilização de coleiras impregnadas com deltametrina a 4% em cães. Assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a efetividade dessas coleiras sobre a prevalência da LV canina e taxa de infecção de flebotomíneos para L. infantum em áreas endêmicas para LV. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas áreas equidistantes do município de Mossoró/RN com características ambientais semelhantes. Em ambas as áreas foram realizados dois inquéritos sorológicos caninos semestrais e a pesquisa de flebotomíneos. Na Área Controle (AC) foram realizados os procedimentos anteriormente citados e na Área Encoleiramento (AE) foram também realizados dois encoleiramentos caninos com coleiras impregnadas com deltametrina a 4% que ocorreram a cada seis meses. Para diagnóstico da LV canina foram realizados o teste rápido DPP e ELISA. A análise da prevalência da LV canina foi realizada através do teste de Qui-quadrado e da taxa de incidência através do Odds ratio. A pesquisa de flebotomíneos teve duração de um ano em três residências de cada uma das áreas. Os insetos foram coletados mensalmente utilizando armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC e separados por espécie, sexo, primeiro ou segundo inquérito e área da pesquisa. Foi realizada a identificação morfológica dos flebotomíneos e as fêmeas foram submetidas à técnica de PCR em tempo real para a detecção de DNA de L. infantum. Com relação às taxas de prevalência e incidência da LV canina, avaliando-se as áreas isoladamente, pôde-se observar que o uso das coleiras foi capaz de reduzir a prevalência da doença na AE e reduzir em 53 a 59% o risco de adoecimento. Quanto aos flebotomíneos, foram coletadas as espécies L. longipalpis, Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia cortelezzii e Lutzomyia migonei, sendo que 81,8% destes insetos eram L. longipalpis. Foram obtidos pools positivos de L. longipalpis da AE somente durante o primeiro inquérito ao passo que na AC pôde-se observar a presença do DNA do parasita no vetor em ambos os inquéritos. Com base nos resultados, pode-se afirmar que a utilização de coleiras impregnadas com deltametrina a 4% reduziu a prevalência da LV canina, e permite reduzir em pelo menos 53% o risco de adoecimento. Também é possível sugerir que o uso contínuo destas coleiras pode ter o potencial de reduzir a taxa de flebotomíneos infectados. Dessa forma, coleiras impregnadas com deltametrina a 4% podem ser indicadas como medida de controle para a LV canina, aliada as demais medidas atualmente preconizadas / 2017-02-08

Heliosperma (nom. cons prop.) comprises 15—20 taxa, most of them endemic to the Balkan Peninsula. DNA sequences from the chloroplast (rps16 intron, psbE-petG spacer) and the nuclear genome (ITS and four putatively unlinked RNA polymerase genes) are used to elucidate phylogenetic relationships within Heliosperma, and its position within Sileneae. Three main lineages are found within Heliosperma: Heliosperma alpestre, H. macranthum and the H. pusillum-clade. The relationships among the lineages differ between the plastid and the nuclear trees. Relative dates are used to discriminate among inter- and intralineage processes causing such incongruences, and ancient homoploid hybridisation is the most likely explanation. The chloroplast data strongly support two, geographically correlated clades in the H. pusillum-group, whereas the relationships appear poorly resolved by the ITS data, when analysed under a phylogenetic tree model. However, a network analysis finds a geographic structuring similar to that in the chloroplast data. Ancient vicariant divergence followed by hybridisation events best explains the observed pattern. The morphological and taxonomical diversity in the H. pusillum-group is possibly ecology-induced, and is not correlated with the molecular data. Phylogenetic patterns regarding the origin of Heliosperma are complicated, probably influenced by reticulate and sorting events. At least two ancient lineages have been involved in its evolution, one most closely related to Viscaria/Atocion and the other to Eudianthe/Petrocoptis. Atocion and Viscaria are sister genera, most species-rich on the Balkans, and including six/three species. Phylogenies do not support their traditional classification, and provide a framework for a taxonomic revision. Atocion compactum is found in three different positions in the chloroplast tree, and in a single clade in the nuclear gene trees. Using relative dates we demonstrate that hybridisation with subsequent chloroplast capture is a feasible explanation for the pattern observed. This, and other observed reticulate patterns, highlights the importance of hybridisation in plant evolution.