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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Translocação bacteriana na isquemia-reperfusão hepática com e sem estase venosa intestinal: estudo experimental em ratos / Bacterial translocation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury with and without intestinal venous stasis: experimental model in rats

Heijden, Karin Marie Van Der 31 August 2007 (has links)
Atualmente, define-se como translocação bacteriana o deslocamento de bactérias e/ou seus produtos, como as endotoxinas, da luz do TGI para sítios estéreis. A ocorrência de translocação bacteriana tem sido sugerida em diversos estudos experimentais e clínicos. Apesar de todos estes estudos sustentarem a hipótese da ocorrência de translocação bacteriana, eles não demonstram que a bactéria detectada no sangue e em sítios estéreis tem efetivamente origem no TGI do animal ou paciente. Portanto, o objetivo da primeira fase deste trabalho, consistiu no desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental que comprovasse que bactérias isoladas em sítios estéreis são realmente de origem intestinal e que pudesse posteriormente viabilizar o estudo da translocação bacteriana. Para isto, realizou-se a colonização de ratos através da inoculação, via gavagem, de solução de Enterococcus faecalis resistente a vancomicina (ERV) e E. coli produtora de Beta-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL). O perfil de resistência destas cepas foi utilizado como marcador. Posteriormente, este estudo avaliou a translocação bacteriana em ratos submetidos a isquemia-reperfusão hepática com e sem estase venosa intestinal, utilizando o modelo de colonização. Quarenta e seis animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo I (n=15) ratos submetidos a isquemia hepática e estase intestinal por 30 minutos, e 1h de reperfusão; Grupo II (n=15) ratos submetidos a 30 minutos de isquemia hepática parcial sem estase intestinal, e 1h de reperfusão;Grupo III (n=8) ratos controle que apenas sofreraam manipulação cirúrgica e Grupo IV (n=8) ratos controle não cirúrgico. Os grupos foram analisados em relação: a ocorrência de translocação bacteriana; proporção de animais com crescimento da cepa pré-definida de ERV e E. coli ESBL, por órgão ou tecido; Concentração de LPS no sangue portal e sistêmico. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram presença marcante de crescimento microbiológico positivo para cepas inoculadas na maioria dos órgãos ou tecidos analisados nos diferentes grupos. Desta forma, conseguimos comprovar que a bactéria detectada em sítios estéreis tem efetivamente origem no TGI daquele animal. A translocação de bactérias, para os órgãos sólidos, ocorreu com maior freqüência nos ratos submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão com estase intestinal. A translocação bacteriana para o pulmão ocorreu com maior freqüência nos grupos cirúrgicos, inclusive controle, do que no controle não cirúrgico. A translocação de endotoxinas, medida pela concentração sangüínea sistêmica, ocorreu com maior intensidade nos ratos submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão hepática com estase intestinal. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto a proporção de animais com cultura positiva no sangue sistêmico e porta e concentração de endotoxinas no sangue porta. / Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable bacteria and/or their products, such as endotoxins, from inside the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to normally sterile sites. Experimental studies demonstrate that increase of the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and other conditions such as intestinal bacterial overgrowth or host immune deficiency may be associated with this phenomenon. The occurrence of bacterial translocation has been suggested in some experimental and clinical studies. Although all these studies sustained the occurrence of the bacterial translocation but they did not demonstrate that it has effectively origin in the TGI of the animal or patient. The first objective of this study was to develop a GIT colonization experimental model in rats with resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) and E.coli, to be used in further studies of bacterial translocation intending, The resistance profile of these strains is used as a marker. Afterwards, this study evaluated the bacterial translocation in rats submitted to hepatic ischemic-reperfusion with or without intestinal vein stasis. Forty six animals were used as follows: Group I (n=15) mice submitted to ischemic hepatica and intestinal stasis for 30 minutes, and 1h of reperfusion; Group II (n=15) mice submitted to partial ischemic hepatica for 30 minutes without intestinal stasis, and 1h of reperfusion; Group III (n=8) control of mice which only suffered surgical manipulation and Group IV (n=8) Group of mice without surgical control. The groups were analyzed concerning: the occurrence of bacterial translocation; proportion of animals with predefined ERV and E.Coli ESBL growth increase per organ or tissue; LPS concentration in the portal and systemic blood. The results demonstrated remarkable appearance of positive microbiological growth for inoculated stains mostly in the analyzed tissues within the different groups. By this way, we were able to prove that the bacteria present in sterile sites have effectively their origin in the TGI of that animal. The bacteria translocation in solid organs occurred frequently in group I submitted to the ischemia-reperfusion with intestinal stasis. The bacterial translocation in lung occurred more frequently in the surgical groups including chirurgical control. The endotoxin in systemic blood concentration occurred more intensively in group I submitted to the ischemia-reperfusion with intestinal stasis.
132

Avaliação in vitro do controle microbiano e da neutralização de endotoxinas presentes em canais radiculares por nanopartículas de prata / Effectiveness of silver nanoparticles on microorganisms and endotoxins in root canals

Carreira, Cláudia de Moura 20 January 2010 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade da solução de nanopartículas de prata, utilizada como irrigante e medicação intracanal, em controlar os microrganismos e neutralizar endotoxinas no canal radicular. Para isso, foram utilizadas 48 raízes de dentes humanos padronizadas em 16 mm e com diâmetro apical correspondente a uma lima tipo Kerr no. 30. Os canais foram contaminados por 28 dias com E. coli e por 21 dias com E. faecalis e C. albicans. Os espécimes foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=12), de acordo com a substância utilizada (solução irrigadora e medicação intracanal): G1) solução salina e solução salina (grupo controle); G2) hipoclorito de sódio 1% associado ao creme Endo-PTC e hidróxido de cálcio - protocolo tradicional da FOUSP; G3) solução de nanopartículas de prata 50 ppm e hidróxido de cálcio associado à solução de nanopartículas de prata; e G4) solução de nanopartículas de prata 50 ppm e solução de nanopartículas de prata 50 ppm. Foram realizadas cinco coletas do conteúdo do canal radicular para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana: coleta de confirmação, imediatamente após a instrumentação (1ª. coleta) e outra após sete dias (2ª. coleta); imediatamente após a remoção da medicação (3ª. coleta) e outra após sete dias (4ª. coleta). A neutralização da endotoxina foi avaliada apenas nas quatro últimas coletas. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística (Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn). Todas as soluções irrigadoras promoveram redução significativa dos microrganismos após a instrumentação (1ª. coleta) (p<0,05). Após 7 dias houve aumento do número de microrganismos em todos os grupos, voltando ao número inicial nos grupos instrumentados com solução salina e hipoclorito de sódio. Entretanto, apesar de ter ocorrido recolonização dos microrganismos no canal radicular dos espécimes instrumentados com solução de nanopartículas de prata, manteve-se redução estatisticamente significantemente do número de UFC/mL quando comparada à coleta de confirmação (p<0,05), demonstrando efeito residual. A medicação de hidróxido de cálcio eliminou 100% dos microrganismos e manteve os resultados após 7 dias (4ª. coleta) no grupo 2. No grupo quatro houve recolonização de E. faecalis e C. albicans após 7 dias de incubação. O hidróxido de cálcio foi a única substância avaliada que promoveu redução significativa (p<0,05) das endotoxinas. Assim, pôde-se concluir que o hipoclorito de sódio e a solução de NP-Ag reduziram significativamente a microbiota do canal, no entanto somente com a associação ao hidróxido de cálcio houve eliminação dos microrganismos em profundidade nos túbulos dentinários e redução das endotoxinas presentes no canal radicular. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect and endotoxin detoxified of solution of silver nanoparticles used as irrigating and dressing in root canals. Forty-eigth single-root human teeth were used. All root canals sized 16 mm and were enlarged to a Kerr file number .30. Root canals were infected for 28 days with E. coli and for 21 days with E. faecalis and C. albicans. The specimens were divided into four groups (n=12), according to the substance used (irrigating solution and dressing): G1) saline and saline (control), G2) sodium hypochlorite 1% with Endo-PTC cream and calcium hydroxide; G3) solution of Ag-NP 50 ppm and calcium hydroxide with Ag-NP; and G4) solution of Ag-NP 50 ppm and solution of Ag-NP 50 ppm. Five samplings of root canal were accomplished to evaluate the antimicrobial activity: confirmation sample, immediately after instrumentation (1st. Sample), and other after 7 days (2 nd. Sample), immediately after dressing removed (3 rd. Sample) and other after 7 days (4 th. Sample). The endotoxina detoxified was evaluated only in the last four samples by Limulus assay. Results were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. All irrigation solutions caused significant reduction of microorganisms after instrumentation (1 st. Collection) (p <0.05). After 7 days there was increase of the number of bacteria in all groups, returning to the initial number of microorganisms in the groups prepared with saline and sodium hypochlorite, however, the recolonization of microorganisms in root canals of groups of solution silver nanoparticles was smaller than the number of confirmation sample (p <0.05), showing residual effect. The calcium hydroxide eliminated 100% of the microorganisms and the results remained after 7 days (4 th. Collection) for group 2. In group 4 there was recolonization of E. faecalis and C. albicans after 7 days. Calcium hydroxide was the only substance that measured a significant reduction of endotoxin (p <0.05). Thus, we concluded that the sodium hypochlorite and the NP-Ag significantly reduced the microorganisms of the root canal, but it is necessary the combination of calcium hydroxide to eliminated all microorganisms into dentinal tubules and detoxified endotoxins in the root canal.
133

Epigenetic regulation of cytokine production in endotoxin tolerance

Reschke, Claudia 13 October 2016 (has links)
Endotoxin-tolerante Zellen zeigen über mehrere Tage eine verminderte Produktion pro-inflammatorischer Zytokine, sodass epigenetische Veränderungen ein Grund für die Endotoxintoleranz sein könnte. Im 1. Teil wurden epigenetische Veränderungen an gezielten LPS-tolerisierbaren Genen mithilfe eines in-vitro-Modells mit humanen Monozyten untersucht. Die Gene kodierend für TNF und CXCL10 zeigten eine Reduktion der transkriptionsaktivierenden Histonmarker H3K27ac und H4ac, die durch eine stark reduzierte Genexpression in toleranten Monozyten begleitet wurde. Demgegenüber wiesen Gene wie IL6 und IL1B eine Zunahme an H4ac und H3K27ac auf, während ihre Genexpression in widersprüchlicher Weise reduziert war. Repressive epigenetische Marker (H3K9me2, H3K27me3, H4K20me3, DNA-Methylierung) konnten in den untersuchten Genen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Zudem war die IL6-Genexpression verstärkt abhängig von der Signaltransduktion toleranter Monozyten, was auf unterschiedliche Repressionsmechanismen schließen lässt. Im 2. Teil konnte gezeigt werden, dass die genomweite transkriptionelle Reprogrammierung durch eine globale Verschiebung von aktiven H3K27ac und H4ac in naiven Monozyten zu repressiven H3K9me2, H3K27me3 und H4K20me3 in toleranten, restimulierten Zellen einherging. Mehr als 10000 Genombereiche wiesen Veränderungen an Histonmarkern auf, obwohl nur 3638 Gene unterschiedlich exprimiert waren. Circa 27% der differentiell exprimierten Gene zeigten ein Expressionsmuster, welches mit Veränderungen an aktiven und/oder repressiven Markern innerhalb der Promoterregion korrelierte. Zudem zeigten intergenische Regionen einen verstärkten Anstieg an repressiven Histonmarkern, was auf eine mögliche regulatorische Funktion dieser Bereiche in der Endotoxintoleranz schließen lässt. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Epigenetik der Monozyten stark von der Endotoxintoleranzinduktion betroffen ist, wenn auch nicht alle Veränderungen dem beobachteten Genexpressionsmuster zugeordnet werden konnten. / Endotoxin-tolerant cells show a reduced ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines for several days, which assumes an impact of epigenetic changes in endotoxin tolerance induction. Using an in vitro model with human monocytes, the first part focused on the analysis of epigenetic changes in specific LPS-tolerizable genes. The genes encoding for TNF and CXCL10 showed a reduction in the transcription-activating histone marks H3K27ac and H4ac in tolerant monocytes, which was accompanied by a strongly reduced gene expression. In contrast, the IL6 and IL1B genes showed an increase in activating histone modifications, while their gene expressions were moderately reduced. Repressive epigenetic marks (H3K9me2, H3K27me3, H4K20me3, DNA methylation) were not specifically enhanced in the genes studied. Particularly the IL6 gene expression was more susceptible to the signaling strength in tolerant monocytes implying distinct mechanisms in the repression of the genes analyzed. Within the second part, genome-wide reprogramming of tolerant monocytes was accompanied by a global shift from activating H3K27ac and H4ac in naive monocytes to repressive H3K9me2, H3K27me3 and H4K20me3 in tolerant cells treated with LPS. More than 10000 genomic regions were distinctly regulated by histone marks, though only 3638 genes were differentially expressed. Correlation analyses identified 27 % of the differentially expressed genes that showed a transcriptional level consistent with changes in activating and/or repressive histone marks within their promoter regions. Intergenic regions were highly enriched for repressive histone marks in LPS-tolerant monocytes implying a regulatory function in endotoxin tolerance. The data indicate that the epigenetic environment of monocytes is highly affected by endotoxin tolerance induction, though not all changes are directly linked to the gene expression pattern observed.
134

Translocação bacteriana na isquemia-reperfusão hepática com e sem estase venosa intestinal: estudo experimental em ratos / Bacterial translocation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury with and without intestinal venous stasis: experimental model in rats

Karin Marie Van Der Heijden 31 August 2007 (has links)
Atualmente, define-se como translocação bacteriana o deslocamento de bactérias e/ou seus produtos, como as endotoxinas, da luz do TGI para sítios estéreis. A ocorrência de translocação bacteriana tem sido sugerida em diversos estudos experimentais e clínicos. Apesar de todos estes estudos sustentarem a hipótese da ocorrência de translocação bacteriana, eles não demonstram que a bactéria detectada no sangue e em sítios estéreis tem efetivamente origem no TGI do animal ou paciente. Portanto, o objetivo da primeira fase deste trabalho, consistiu no desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental que comprovasse que bactérias isoladas em sítios estéreis são realmente de origem intestinal e que pudesse posteriormente viabilizar o estudo da translocação bacteriana. Para isto, realizou-se a colonização de ratos através da inoculação, via gavagem, de solução de Enterococcus faecalis resistente a vancomicina (ERV) e E. coli produtora de Beta-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL). O perfil de resistência destas cepas foi utilizado como marcador. Posteriormente, este estudo avaliou a translocação bacteriana em ratos submetidos a isquemia-reperfusão hepática com e sem estase venosa intestinal, utilizando o modelo de colonização. Quarenta e seis animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo I (n=15) ratos submetidos a isquemia hepática e estase intestinal por 30 minutos, e 1h de reperfusão; Grupo II (n=15) ratos submetidos a 30 minutos de isquemia hepática parcial sem estase intestinal, e 1h de reperfusão;Grupo III (n=8) ratos controle que apenas sofreraam manipulação cirúrgica e Grupo IV (n=8) ratos controle não cirúrgico. Os grupos foram analisados em relação: a ocorrência de translocação bacteriana; proporção de animais com crescimento da cepa pré-definida de ERV e E. coli ESBL, por órgão ou tecido; Concentração de LPS no sangue portal e sistêmico. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram presença marcante de crescimento microbiológico positivo para cepas inoculadas na maioria dos órgãos ou tecidos analisados nos diferentes grupos. Desta forma, conseguimos comprovar que a bactéria detectada em sítios estéreis tem efetivamente origem no TGI daquele animal. A translocação de bactérias, para os órgãos sólidos, ocorreu com maior freqüência nos ratos submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão com estase intestinal. A translocação bacteriana para o pulmão ocorreu com maior freqüência nos grupos cirúrgicos, inclusive controle, do que no controle não cirúrgico. A translocação de endotoxinas, medida pela concentração sangüínea sistêmica, ocorreu com maior intensidade nos ratos submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão hepática com estase intestinal. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto a proporção de animais com cultura positiva no sangue sistêmico e porta e concentração de endotoxinas no sangue porta. / Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable bacteria and/or their products, such as endotoxins, from inside the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to normally sterile sites. Experimental studies demonstrate that increase of the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and other conditions such as intestinal bacterial overgrowth or host immune deficiency may be associated with this phenomenon. The occurrence of bacterial translocation has been suggested in some experimental and clinical studies. Although all these studies sustained the occurrence of the bacterial translocation but they did not demonstrate that it has effectively origin in the TGI of the animal or patient. The first objective of this study was to develop a GIT colonization experimental model in rats with resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) and E.coli, to be used in further studies of bacterial translocation intending, The resistance profile of these strains is used as a marker. Afterwards, this study evaluated the bacterial translocation in rats submitted to hepatic ischemic-reperfusion with or without intestinal vein stasis. Forty six animals were used as follows: Group I (n=15) mice submitted to ischemic hepatica and intestinal stasis for 30 minutes, and 1h of reperfusion; Group II (n=15) mice submitted to partial ischemic hepatica for 30 minutes without intestinal stasis, and 1h of reperfusion; Group III (n=8) control of mice which only suffered surgical manipulation and Group IV (n=8) Group of mice without surgical control. The groups were analyzed concerning: the occurrence of bacterial translocation; proportion of animals with predefined ERV and E.Coli ESBL growth increase per organ or tissue; LPS concentration in the portal and systemic blood. The results demonstrated remarkable appearance of positive microbiological growth for inoculated stains mostly in the analyzed tissues within the different groups. By this way, we were able to prove that the bacteria present in sterile sites have effectively their origin in the TGI of that animal. The bacteria translocation in solid organs occurred frequently in group I submitted to the ischemia-reperfusion with intestinal stasis. The bacterial translocation in lung occurred more frequently in the surgical groups including chirurgical control. The endotoxin in systemic blood concentration occurred more intensively in group I submitted to the ischemia-reperfusion with intestinal stasis.
135

Mini-implantes ortodônticos: avaliação microbiológica e quantificação de endotoxina bacteriana, citocinas pró-inflamatórias e marcadores da osteoclastogênese / Orthodontic mini-implants: microbiological evaluation and quantification of bacterial endotoxin, proinflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis markers

Andrucioli, Marcela Cristina Damião 20 September 2013 (has links)
Os mini-implantes ortodônticos vem sendo amplamente utilizados na prática clínica como dispositivos de ancoragem. No entanto, há casos em que ocorre sua perda durante o tratamento. Inúmeros aspectos tem sido analisados com o intuito de detectar as causas do insucesso, porém estas ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidas. Portanto, utilizando-se dois grupos de mini-implantes - com estabilidade (sucesso) e sem estabilidade (falha) -, os objetivos do presente estudo in vivo foram: 1) avaliar a contaminação microbiana, empregando sondas de DNA para 40 espécies de bactérias, por meio da técnica de biologia molecular checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization; 2) quantificar a endotoxina bacteriana presente nos mini-implantes dos dois grupos por meio do teste Limulus Amebocyte Lysate ; e 3) quantificar as citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1&alpha;, IL-6, IL-17 e TNF-&alpha; e proteínas marcadoras da osteoclastogênese (RANK, RANKL e OPG) por meio da técnica real-time polymerase chain reaction. Dezesseis pacientes de ambos os sexos (11-49 anos) em tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho corretivo e mini-implantes foram selecionados, sendo obtidos 19 miniimplantes com estabilidade e 10 mini-implantes sem estabilidade. O tempo médio de permanência na boca foi de 23,8 meses para os mini-implantes estáveis e 6,7 meses para os mini-implantes sem estabilidade. Foram utilizados mini-implantes da marca Neodent, com 1,6mm de diâmetro e com 7,0 ou 9,0 mm de comprimento, colocados na maxila e/ou mandíbula. Todos os mini-implantes foram instalados e removidos pelo mesmo cirurgião. No momento da remoção, foram coletados os miniimplantes e amostras de gengiva ao redor dos mesmos. Os mini-implantes foram processados para a detecção dos micro-organismos e para a quantificação da endotoxina bacteriana. As amostras de gengiva foram processadas para a quantificação das citocinas pró-inflamatórias e proteínas marcadoras da osteoclastogênese. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste nãoparamétrico de soma de postos de Wilcoxon, considerando-se os conglomerados, utilizando o software SAS. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Todas (100%) as 40 espécies de microorganismos foram observadas em ambos os grupos de mini-implantes, com diferentes porcentagens de ocorrência. Não foi possível observar diferença entre os grupos com relação aos complexos microbianos (azul, roxo, amarelo, verde, laranja, vermelho e outras espécies). Também não foi possível observar diferença na quantificação de endotoxina e das citocinas e marcadores da osteoclastogênese (p>0,05), com exceção da IL-6 (p<0,05). Baseado nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a contaminação microbiana e a quantidade de endotoxina nos mini-implantes, assim como a expressão das citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1&alpha;, IL-17 e TNF-&alpha; e dos marcadores da osteoclastogênese RANK, RANKL e OPG no tecido gengival circundante não atuaram como fatores responsáveis pela perda da estabilidade dos mini-implantes e que a maior expressão da citocina próinflamatória IL-6 pode estar diretamente relacionada à perda da estabilidade dos mini-implantes, sugerindo-se estudos adicionais. / Orthodontic mini-implants have been widely used in clinical practice as anchorage devices. However, their loss may occur during the treatment. Several aspects have been investigated to identify the causes of failure, but they are not yet completely elucidated. Therefore, using two groups of miniimplants - stable and unstable/loose - the objectives of this in vivo study were: 1) to evaluate the microbial contamination, using DNA probes for 40 bacterial species by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization biomolecular technique; 2) to quantify the bacterial endotoxin present in both groups of mini-implants by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay; and 3) to quantify the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1&alpha;, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-&alpha; and the osteoclastogenesis marker proteins (RANK, RANKL and OPG) by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Sixteen patients of both sexes (11 to 49 years old) under orthodontic treatment with corrective appliance and mini-implants were selected, obtaining 19 stable mini-implants and 10 unstable/loose mini-implants. The mean time of permanence in the mouth was 23.8 months for stable mini-implants and 6.7 months for unstable/loose mini-implants. The mini-implants (1.6 mm diameter x 7.0 or 9.0 mm long; Neodent) were placed in the maxilla and/or mandible. All mini-implants were placed and removed by the same surgeon. At the moment of removal, the mini-implants and periimplant gingival tissue samples were collected. The mini-implants were processed for detection of microorganisms and quantification of bacterial endotoxin, while the gingival tissue samples were processed for quantification of proinflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis protein markers. The results were analyzed statistically by the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, considering the conglomerates, using SAS software. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses. All (100%) 40 microbial species were observed in both groups of mini-implants, with different percentages of occurrence. No differences could be observed between the groups with respect to the microbial complexes (blue, purple, yellow, green, orange, red and other species). There was no significant difference either in the quantification of endotoxin and cytokines and osteoclastogenesis markers (p>0.05), except for IL- 6 (p<0.05). Based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that neither the microbial contamination and amount of endotoxin in mini-implants, nor the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1&alpha;, IL-17 and TNF-&alpha; and osteoclastogenesis markers RANK, RANKL and OPG in the periimplant gingival tissue acted as factors responsible for the loss of stability of the mini-implants, and that the higher expression of the IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine may be directly associated with the loss of stability of the mini-implants, suggesting additional studies.
136

Detecção de microrganismos, quantificação de endotoxinas e ação in vivo do Zingiber officinale em dentes com necrose pulpar e lesão periapical /

Chung, Adriana. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Marcia Carneiro Valera / Banca: Giulio Gavini / Banca: Cláudio Antônio Talge Carvalho / Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho foi detectar microrganismos e avaliar in vivo a ação do extrato glicólico de gengibre 20% (GENG), do hipoclorito de sódio 1% (NaOCl), da clorexidina gel 2% (CLX) como soluções irrigadoras e da medicação intracanal (MIC) de hidróxido de cálcio sobre microrganismos e endotoxinas em dentes com necrose pulpar e lesão periapical. Para isso 36 pacientes portadores de dente com necrose pulpar e lesão periapical visível radiograficamente foram submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico e divididos em 3 grupos (n=12), de acordo com a substância química auxiliar utilizada durante o preparo biomecânico: GENG; NaOCl ou CLX intercalado com solução salina fisiológica. Foram realizadas coletas do conteúdo do canal radicular com cones de papel absorvente após a abertura do dente, após a instrumentação e, após 14 dias da ação da MIC. Para todas as coletas foram realizados os seguintes testes: a) avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana pela contagem de UFC/mL e método molecular - PCR e; b) análise da quantidade de endotoxina verificada pelo lisado de amebócitos de Limulus. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e estatística de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Dunn. Os resultados mostraram presença de DNA bacteriano em todas as coletas, sendo que Parvimonas micra foi a espécie mais frequente. A instrumentação com as substâncias testadas reduziram significativamente microrganismos e endotoxinas dos canais radiculares. A utilização da MIC não foi capaz de potencializar os efeitos antimicrobianos nem sobre endotoxinas. Pôde-se concluir que o preparo biomecânico com GENG foi eficiente tanto em reduzir microrganismos quanto endotoxinas dos canais radiculares. A MIC de Ca(OH)2 não foi capaz de potencializar a neutralização de endotoxinas após PBM / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to detect microorganisms and to evaluate in vivo the action of 20% ginger glycolic extract (GENG), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine gel (CLX) as irrigating solutions and intracanal medication (ICM) of calcium hydroxide on microorganisms and endotoxins in teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions. Thirty six patients with tooth with pulp necrosis and radiographically visible periapical lesion were submitted to endodontic treatment and divided into 3 groups (n = 12), according to the auxiliary chemical substance used during the biomechanical preparation: GENG, NaOCl or CHX interspersed with saline solution. Samples of the root canal were taken with paper cones immediately after exposure of the canal, immediately after instrumentation and 14 days after MIC. For all samples were performed the following tests: a) evaluation of antimicrobial activity by counting the CFU / mL and molecular method - PCR and b) quantification of endotoxins verified by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate. The results showed the presence of bacterial DNA in all samples, and Parvimonas micra was the most frequent species. The instrumentation with all substances tested reduced significantly microorganisms and endotoxins from root canals. The use of ICM was not able to potentiate the antimicrobial effects either on endotoxins. It was concluded that biomechanical preparation with glycolic extract of ginger was effective in reducing microorganisms and endotoxins from root canals with no significant differences from NaOCl or chlorhexidine. The Ca(OH)2 ICM could not enhance the neutralization of endotoxins after biomechanical preparation / Mestre
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Modulation de l'expression des rétrovirus endogènes humains dans des contextes d'inflammation et d'immunosuppression / Modulation of human endogenous retrovirus expression in inflammatory and immunocompromised contexts

Mommert, Marine 05 October 2018 (has links)
Le sepsis est défini par l’apparition de dysfonctions d’organes, multiples et mortelles, causées par une réponse de l’hôte dérégulée suite à une infection. L’hétérogénéité de la maladie représente un défi clinique majeur au regard de la prise en charge thérapeutique, et à ce jour les marqueurs proposés ne suffisent pas à stratifier les patients. Les rétrovirus endogènes humains (HERV) pourraient être des marqueurs pertinents,compte tenu des propriétés immunosuppressives de leurs enveloppes et de leur expression dans des maladies inflammatoires et auto-immunes. Cette thèse a pour objectif de savoir dans quelle mesure les HERV sont exprimés et modulés, dans des conditions d’inflammation et d’immunosuppression. Pour cela,nous avons utilisé une puce à ADN haute densité permettant (i) l’analyse de la transcription de 363 689HERV et 1500 gènes, et (ii) une lecture fonctionnelle de l’activité des LTR. L’expression des HERV a été objectivée (i) dans un modèle ex-vivo de tolérance à l’endotoxine sur des cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique (PBMC) d’individus sains et (ii) sur sang total provenant d’individus sains et de patients en choc septique, stratifiés ou non en fonction du statut immunitaire. (1) De 5,6% à 6,9% des HERV sont exprimés dans le compartiment sanguin et environ 20% des LTR possèdent une fonction promotrice ou polyA, les deux fonctions étant mutuellement exclusives. (2) Le contenu du transcriptome HERV est modulé ex vivo dans le contexte de tolérance à l’endotoxine laissant apparaitre deux grands phénotypes transcriptionnels. L’expression de certains loci HERV est corrélée au statut immunitaire de patient septique.L’évaluation d’une signature moléculaire complexe sur une cohorte de validation, permet la séparation en deux groupes présentant des critères de sévérité distincts, suggérant les HERV/MaLR comme biomarqueurs de stratification. (3) L’analyse de la co-expression des gènes et des HERV a permis d’intégrer ceux-ci au sein de réseaux associées à la réponse de l’hôte et de proposer des hypothèses fonctionnelles. / Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.The heterogeneity of the disease present a major clinical challenge with regard to the therapeutic coverage,and this day the proposed markers are not enough to stratify patients. The human endogenous retrovirus(HERV) could be relevant markers, considering the immunosuppressives properties of their envelopes andtheir expression in inflammatory and autoimmune disease. The aim of this thesis is to know to what extentthe HERVs are expressed and modulated, in inflammatory and immunocompromised contexts. For this, weused a high density DNA chip allowing (i) the transcription analysis of 363,689 HERV and 1500 genes,and (ii) a functional reading of LTRs activities. The HERVs expression was objectified (i) in endotoxintolerance ex vivo model in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy volunteers and (ii) inwhole blood of healthy volunteers and septic shock patients, stratified or not according to immunity state.(1) Of 5,6% at 6,9% of HERVs are expressed in the blood compartment and around 20% of LTRs have apromoter or polyA function, both functions being mutually exclusive. (2) The HERV transcriptome ismodulated in ex vivo endotoxin tolerance model letting appear two higher transcriptional phenotypes. Theexpression of some HERVs loci are correlated of the immunity state of the septic shock patients. Theevaluation of molecular signature in validation cohort, allowed to separate in two patients groupspresenting different severity criteria, suggesting HERV/MaLR as biomarkers of stratification. (3) The coexpressedanalysis of genes and HERVs allowed to integrate these within signaling pathways associated atthe host immune response and to provide functional hypothesis.
138

Acute lung injury : study of pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions

Rocksén, David January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
139

Antibiotic-induced Bacterial Toxin Release – Inhibition by Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Hjerdt-Goscinski, Gunilla January 2004 (has links)
<p>Toxic products, such as endotoxin from the gram-negative and exotoxin from the gram-positive bacteria, are the most important initiators of the inflammatory host response in sepsis. In addition to antibacterial treatment, numerous attempts have been made to interfere with the exaggerated proinflammatory cascade initiated by the toxins. As most antitoxic and anti-inflammatory agents have shown no clear efficacy, an attractive alternative has been to prevent or minimise their release. Therefore, it was of interest to further study the antibiotic-induced release of toxins after exposure to antibiotics used for the treatment of the most severe infections, especially if protein synthesis inhibitors could reduce the release induced by PBP 3-specific β-lactam antibiotics.</p><p>There were significant reductions in endotoxin release from gram-negative bacteria when the combination of the PBP 3-specific β-lactam antibiotic, cefuroxime, and the protein synthesis inhibitor, tobramycin, was compared with cefuroxime alone. Increasing doses of tobramycin reduced endotoxin release and increased the killing rate. In a kinetic <i>in vitro</i> model the endotoxin release from <i>E.coli</i> was higher after the second dose of cefuroxime. Nevertheless, it was reduced after addition of tobramycin.</p><p>No binding of tobramycin to endotoxin was observed, either <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i>. In a porcine sepsis model, a possible anti-inflammatory effect of ceftazidime and tobramycin, expressed as late cytokine inhibition, was seen.</p><p>The protein synthesis inhibitor, clindamycin, released less streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA) from a group A streptococcus strain than penicillin, and addition of clindamycin to penicillin resulted in less toxin production than penicillin alone. The SpeA production was dependent on the bacterial number at the start of treatment. Higher doses of penicillin also led to less SpeA. </p><p>The choice of antibiotic class and dose may be important in the severely ill septic patient in whom an additional toxin release could be deleterious. A combination of a β-lactam antibiotic and a protein synthesis inhibitor seems beneficial but further investigations are needed.</p>
140

Acute lung injury : study of pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions

Rocksén, David January 2003 (has links)
No description available.

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