The main aim of this thesis is to analyze EU-Western Balkans relations with regard to the prospective EU membership of the Western Balkans, and to make an analysis of the EU&rsquo / s Western Balkans enlargement strategy and the scope of membership conditionality imposed on the Western Balkans from post Dayton period (1995) to present (2006). This thesis examines how the EU membership conditionality worked in the Western Balkans&rsquo / preparatory stages for pre-accession, and to what extent it is different from the CEE enlargement process. Lastly, considering the discussions on rediscovered absorption capacity and the commitment of EU for further eastward enlargements after the CEE enlargement of 2004, it is looked into whether there has been a shift in EU&rsquo / s Western Balkans strategy. This thesis argues that the dominant factor determining the dynamics of the EU-Western Balkans relations are preferences, priorities and internal dynamics of the EU. The comparison between the CEE&rsquo / s and Western Balkans&rsquo / EU integration process reveals that EU tailored a long term and flexible enlargement strategy with increasing conditionality within SAP framework for the Western Balkans. Hence as long as the EU does not feel a sense of urgency straining the stability and EU integration of the region, a motivation for presenting an immediate enlargement platform will not emerge. In this sense, after the CEE enlargement, EU rediscovered its absorption capacity as a main membership condition and further differentiated the regional countries in terms of their own merits in fulfilling EU&rsquo / s conditionality and standards.

This thesis assesses whether the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) could evolve as an effective foreign policy tool of the EU. It aims to analyze the ENP&rsquo / s impact on the EU foreign policy in general and the Union&rsquo / s transformative capacity over its neighbours in particular. To this purpose, the thesis initially explores the underlying motives behind the origins and emergence of the ENP and further elaborates its policy framework and its phase of implementation so far. The thesis then identifies the limits of the ENP, namely the internal and external constraints of the policy and on the basis of these shortcomings, discusses the overall impact of the ENP on the EU foreign policy. More specifically, the thesis focuses on the ENP&rsquo / s impact analysis for the EU&rsquo / s transformative capacity in its direct neighbourhood. Finally, the thesis assesses the main reasons of why it seems unlikely that the ENP could not evolve as a fully-fledged foreign policy tool for the Union and highlights the need for a major reform or re-adjustment of the policy.

&lsquo / The reconstruction of Europe&rsquo / is a subject covering a quite long period that has seen various outstanding historical events changing the geography and power distribution in Europe, and in the politics of international relations within a general framework. This study underlines the impact of geopolitical setting in the post-WW II and the post-Cold War periods to understand the acts of actors and related outcomes in the reconstruction of Europe. By the comparison of reconstructive acts and ingredients of the foreign policy strategies in both periods, this study attempts to reach the conclusion that &lsquo / the geographical position&rsquo / and the &lsquo / capability to implement&rsquo / defines states&rsquo / foreign policy structuring. The policy choice and instruments of the US in the post-WW II period for the reconstruction of Europe and the policy choice and instruments of West European countries for the reconstruction of Central and Eastern Europe, via the EU and enlargement strategy, in the post- Cold War period has been the focal point of this study to support the argument mentioned above.

This study is primarily concerned with the evolution of the EU as a pluralistic security community throughout the course of European integration. Its main purpose is to examine how the EU member states have managed to renounce the use of force in their relations with one another and consequently succeeded in establishing a lasting peace in Western Europe following World War Two.Within the scope of the study, the EU&rsquo / s attempts to extend its zone of peace and stability beyond its immediate borders by using some foreign policy tools such as the enlargement and the recently launched European Neighbourhood Policy are also explored .Finally, the thesis attempts to evaluate the potential contribution that Turkey would make to the EU security community in the post-Cold War era upon her membership in the EU.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the pattern of speculation-led growth in Turkey. It is dependent on international capital flows, whose continuity becomes more and more critical given the current account deficit, which is estimated to reach 6.1% as a ratio to GDP at the end of 2005. The paper assesses the sustainability of this speculation-led growth in the context of EU enlargement and compares the current state of fragility with former crises in Turkey as well as in East Asia and Latin America. Following a severe financial crisis in 2001, Turkey has entered a new phase of fragile growth led by boom-euphoric expectations. The paper aims at explaining this new phase and the evolution of the risk perceptions of both the creditors as well as the debtors in this "speculation game" based on the post-Keynesian/Minskyan concepts of endogenous expectations and financial fragility. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

The aim of this paper is to analyze the fragility of the New Member States and accession countries in the Central Eastern and South Eastern European countries (henceforth Eastern Europe) to the turbulences in the global economy and the changes in the direction of the international capital flows. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Unsteady shock wave propagation through ducts has many applications, ranging from blast wave shelter design to advanced high-speed propulsion systems. The research objective of this study was improved fundamental understanding of the transient flow structures during unsteady shock wave propagation through rectangular ducts with varying cross-sectional area. This research focused on the fluid dynamics of the unsteady shock-induced flow fields, with an emphasis placed on understanding and characterizing the mechanisms behind flow compression (wave structures), flow induction (via shock waves), and enhanced mixing (via shock-induced viscous shear layers). A theoretical and numerical (CFD) parametric study was performed, in which the effects of these parameters on the unsteady flow fields were examined: incident shock strength, area ratio, and viscous mode (inviscid, laminar, and turbulent). Two geometries were considered: the backward-facing step (BFS) geometry, which provided a benchmark and conceptual framework, and the splitter plate (SP) geometry, which was a canonical representation of the engine flow path. The theoretical analysis was inviscid, quasi-1D and quasi-steady; and the computational analysis was fully 2D, time-accurate, and viscous. The theory provided the wave patterns and primary wave strengths for the BFS geometry, and the simulations verified the wave patterns and quantified the effects of geometry and viscosity. It was shown that the theoretical wave patterns on the BFS geometry can be used to systematically analyze the transient, 2D, viscous flows on the SP geometry. This work also highlighted the importance and the role of oscillating shock and expansion waves in the development of these unsteady flows. The potential for both upstream and downstream flow induction was addressed. Positive upstream flow induction was not found in this study due to the persistent formation of an upstream-moving shock wave. Enhanced mixing was addressed by examining the evolution of the unsteady shear layer, its instability, and their effects on the flow field. The instability always appeared after the reflected shock interaction, and was exacerbated in the laminar cases and damped out in the turbulent cases. This research provided new understanding of the long-term evolution of these confined flows. Lastly, the turbulent work is one of the few turbulent studies on these flows.

Submitted by ALESSANDRA MANCHINI CARDOSO null (lemanchini@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-30T15:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ficha+dissertação.pdf: 3142311 bytes, checksum: fd89634d15b20bb2b50e11cbbb2d7552 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-03T13:34:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_am_me_sjc.pdf: 3142311 bytes, checksum: fd89634d15b20bb2b50e11cbbb2d7552 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-03T13:34:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_am_me_sjc.pdf: 3142311 bytes, checksum: fd89634d15b20bb2b50e11cbbb2d7552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-16 / O objetivo deste ensaio clínico foi avaliar a influência de dois comprimentos de trabalho foraminal diferentes na dor pós-operatória e alodinia mecânica após o tratamento endodôntico concluído em sessão única ou em duas sessões. Quarenta e oito pacientes adultos, indicados para tratamento endodôntico primário de dente com periodontite apical assintomática, foram randomizados em 4 grupos (n = 12): SV0 - tratamento em sessão única e instrumentação do canal radicular até o forame apical; SV+1 - tratamento em sessão única e instrumentação do canal radicular 1 mm além do forame apical; TV0 - tratamento em duas sessões e instrumentação do canal radicular até o forame apical; TV+1 - tratamento em duas sessões e instrumentação do canal radicular 1 mm além do forame apical. Todos os participantes receberam um questionário baseado em uma escala visual analógica para registrar sua avaliação da dor em 3 horas, 6 horas, 12 horas, 24 horas, 48 horas, 72 horas e 7 dias após o término do tratamento endodôntico. Para a avaliação mecânica da alodinia, a medição da força da mordida foi realizada utilizando um gnatodinanômetro digital imediatamente antes do tratamento e 7 dias após a sua conclusão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os 4 grupos em relação a dor pós-operatória em todos os momentos avaliados (α = 5%, teste de Kruskal-Wallis). Os valores de força de mordida foram significativamente maiores 7 dias após o tratamento endodôntico, indicando que houve uma redução significativa da dor mecânica em todos os grupos, sem diferença significativa entre eles (α = 5%, ANOVA e teste de Tukey). Todos os grupos apresentaram a mesma taxa de dor pós-operatória nos momentos avaliados e efetivamente aumentaram os limiares mecânicos de dor. / The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the influence of two different foraminal working lengths on postoperative pain and mechanical allodynia after endodontic treatment completed in single-visit or two-visit. Forty-eight adult patients indicated for primary endodontic treatment of tooth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12): SV0 – single-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation up to the apical foramen; SV+1 – single-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen; TV0 – two-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation up to the apical foramen; TV+1 – two-visit root canal treatment and instrumentation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen. All participants received a questionnaire based on a visual analog scale to record their assessment of pain at 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after the endodontic treatment concluded. For mechanical allodynia evaluation, bite force measurement was performed using a digital gnatodynanometer just before treatment and 7 days after its conclusion. No statistically significant difference was found among the 4 groups in relation to postoperative pain at all time points assessed (α= 5%, Kruskal-Wallis test). Bite force values were significantly higher 7 days after endodontic treatment, indicating that there was a significant reduction of mechanical pain in all groups, with no significant difference among them (α= 5%, ANOVA and Tukey’s test). All groups exhibited the same rate of postoperative pain at the time points assessed and effectively increased the mechanical pain thresholds.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-15T13:55:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rosanequeirogaelioterio.pdf: 3901603 bytes, checksum: 5fd7e428048b4cb9c1427b1b2b1ba77e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-15T14:21:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosanequeirogaelioterio.pdf: 3901603 bytes, checksum: 5fd7e428048b4cb9c1427b1b2b1ba77e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T14:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosanequeirogaelioterio.pdf: 3901603 bytes, checksum: 5fd7e428048b4cb9c1427b1b2b1ba77e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / O presente projeto tem como escopo apresentar um experimento interventivo, cujas ações incidem na leitura, mais especificamente, no campo da literatura. Visando ampliar o repertório literário de alunos de uma turma do 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental, nos propomos como mediadores e agentes literários, à leitura de textos canônicos de autores brasileiros afrodescendentes. A escola na qual a proposta será executada é integrante da rede pública do município mineiro de Juiz de Fora. Gerado a partir do ProfLetras da UFJF, o projeto teve início pela aplicação de uma pesquisa junto aos alunos. Seu resultado apontou em duas direções: a primeira indicou repertório literário pouco diversificado e muito restrito a best sellers e à literatura infantil-juvenil; já a segunda, sinalizou um interesse pela figura narrativa do personagem. Desse diagnóstico surgiu a proposta de ampliação do letramento literário, pelo estudo dos personagens planos e esféricos na literatura canônica brasileira. Escolhemos os gêneros textuais conto e romance pois, neles, além de os personagens serem relevantes na trama narrativa, há possibilidade de experienciar a ampliação do sistema literário por parte dos alunos. Os pressupostos teóricos deste experimento buscam respaldo em estudiosos da literatura, tais como Iser (1996), que aborda o conceito de repertório literário; já Calvino (2007) e Paulino (2004) citam o cânone literário; Colomer (2007) apresenta a definição de leitura compartilhada; por sua vez, Moisés (1970) e Candido (2007), nos esclarecem quanto ao que venham a ser personagens planos e esféricos; Cosson (2014, 2016), delineia o conceito de letramento literário e de círculo de leitura e, por fim, a definição de pesquisa-ação, nas palavras de Tripp (2005). O experimento foi executado em três momentos. No primeiro, os alunos trabalharam o conto machadiano Mariana, no qual traçaram um perfil de personagens planos e esféricos. Em um segundo momento, eles aprofundaram o perfilamento das características desses seres feitos de palavra, com a Leitura do romance Clara dos Anjos, de Lima Barreto. E, no terceiro momento, fizeram a leitura do conto machadiano Pai contra mãe, tendo a oportunidade de transformar o final do conto, através da ampliação do letramento literário, usando a reescrita, objetivando transformar um personagem plano em esférico. Os seguintes resultados foram alcançados: promoção do letramento literário, ampliação do repertório, constatação da invisibilidade da mulher negra nos âmbitos social e literário, diferença entre personagens planos e esféricos, promoção da autoestima dos discentes, compartilhamento de pontos de vista diferentes de forma a enriquecer as obras lidas. / The present project aims to present an interventional experiment, whose actions focus on reading, more specifically, in the field of literature. Aiming to broaden the literary repertoire of students of a class of the 9th grade elementary school, we propose as mediators and literary agents the reading of canonical texts by Brazilian Afro-Descendant authors. The school in which the proposal will be applied is part of the public network of the municipality of Juiz de Fora in Minas Gerais. Generated from ProfLetras of UFJF, the project began with the application of a research with the students. Its result pointed in two directions: the first indicated a very little diversified literary repertory and very restricted to best sellers and children's literature; however, the second, signaled an interest in the narrative figure of the character. From this diagnosis came the proposal of enlargement of the literary literacy, by the study of the flat and spherical characters in the Brazilian canonical literature. We chose the textual genres short story and novel because in them, in addition to the characters being relevant in the narrative plot, there is a possibility of experiencing the expansion of the literary system by the students. The theoretical assumptions of this experiment seek support in scholars of the literature, such as Iser (1996), who approaches the concept of literary repertoire; Calvino (2007) and Paulino (2004) mention the literary canon; Colomer (2007) presents the definition of shared reading; in turn, Moses (1970) and Candido (2007), clarify us as to what will become flat and spherical characters; Cosson (2014, 2016) outlines the concept of literary literacy and reading circle and, finally, the definition of action research, in Tripp's words (2005). The experiment will take place in three moments. In the first, the students will work on the Mariana a short story by Machado de Assis, in which they will draw a profile of flat and spherical characters. In a second moment, they will deepen the profiling of the characteristics of these beings made of word, with the Reading of the novel Clara dos Anjos, by Lima Barreto. And, in the third moment, they will read the short story Pai contra mãe, by Machado de Assis. The students will have the opportunity to transform the end of the story, through the amplification of literary literacy, using the rewriting, aiming to transform a flat character into spherical.

Abstract For a long time Iceland, the Nordic and the EFTA countries had a skeptical attitude against the EU, even if their economic interests was in favour to join EU. The study use rationalist’s approaches to explain the willingness of these states movement to the European integrate. This thesis seeks to analyze the Icelandic way to the EU membership application, by describing earlier Nordic and EFTA member states reorientations to the EU membership. The similar experiences from Sweden, Finland and Norway compare the Icelandic case. The used method is qualitative studies of literature and the main material is overarching policy documents from the government of Iceland. To conclude the study, all countries experience security, political and economic difficulties to join an integration system. After the serious damages from the global financial crisis 2008, Iceland expected higher economic benefits. Iceland understood, it could for the future secure its economical interests by joining the EU. Iceland became less stubborn toward EU and one effect of this kindness was to act rational by launching out its eagerly awaited EU membership application.   Keywords: EU, EFTA, Iceland, enlargement, European policy, Global financial crisis