In this study environmental work in the Swedish hotel chain "Scandic" is investigated. Earlier studies point out sustainability and different environmental certificate programs as essential for the housing sector to contribute to sustainable tourism. The purpose and willingness to fulfill such a mission has been investigated by interviewing central actors in the hotel chain. The result shows that there is a desire to be part of environmental certificate programs mainly for the reason to be part of the system and not for the benefit of nature. Sustainable development is understood as being environmentally friendly. Different solutions to adapt and being more environmentally friendly is discussed. The results are connected with the perspectives of sustainable tourism and possible improvements in the housing sector are discussed. Svanen, who is a well-known eco-label in Sweden, is being discussed further on in this study. The eco-label represents a big part of the hotel chains environmental work and is therefore an important part to investigate further.   Keywords; Scandic Sustainable tourism, Sustainable development, environmental adaption, Svanen.

The challenge of transitioning to an environmentally sustainable system of production and consumption is both a major risk and a significant opportunity for companies involved in the design and manufacture of products. One approach that might assist companies in meeting this challenge is ‘eco-innovation’, which aims to deliver new products and processes that provide customer and business value but significantly decrease environmental impacts. <br /> The aim of the research was to understand how eco-innovation tools can be developed and introduced to a company such that they are adopted into the long-term practices of the company and contribute to the development of eco-innovative products. A ‘toolbox for eco-innovation’ was developed by adapting existing innovation tools for the purposes of eco-innovation. The initial toolbox was tested through in-house trials before subsequent trials in industry with a refined suite of tools. One-day workshops were held with six producers of electrical and electronic equipment. Four of these companies went on to participate in more in-depth tool introduction studies in which the tools were customised to the specific needs of the company and its design team. Formal tool feedback sessions and individual interviews with members of the design team were used to asses the effectiveness of the tool customisations. The organisational drivers and barriers for the long-term adoption of eco-innovation tools were also investigated. <br /> The contributions to knowledge of this research are: <br /> <ul> <li>The development of a toolbox for eco-innovation.</li> <li>The validation of tool customisation as an approach to improving the introduction of eco-innovation tools.</li> <li>The definition of a generic process for tool introduction based on tool customisation which is appropriate for workshop-based design and innovation tools (including eco-innovation tools).</li> <li>Insights into the organisational drivers and barriers for the long-term adoption of eco-innovation tools.</li> <li>A model for the management of eco-innovation activities. </li> </ul>

Tomas Friedman 的著作The World is Flat（世界是平的）中提及在21世紀是抹平的世界，無限商機的世界。從全球經濟發展的角度來看，全球企業面對的市場是一個無國界的平面，國際競爭更加劇烈。在這個全球市場競爭劇烈的環境中，中國企業要能在全球市場中立足與競爭的首要條件就是站穩中國市場，在國際競爭市場中發展獲利，最重要的就是打造中國企業品牌發展為國際化品牌。中國企業若想在國際市場上進行品牌行銷，中國製造的經營哲學及營運模式必須重新進行調整，才能在國際市場上建立自身的品牌（International Branding）。 2008年為中國改革開放的30週年，品牌國際化趨勢是21世紀全球市場競爭發展的趨勢，國家競爭力的強弱程度也在於中國企業擁有國際化品牌的多與少。面對不同國家和區域的競爭環境市場，探討中國企業要發展為國際化品牌的關鍵能力為相當重要之課題。 本研究是從全球化企業品牌國際化與中國企業品牌國際化著手，來探討個案公司品牌國際化。進而探討個案公司品牌國際化發展關鍵能力，包含企業品牌核心能力、持續創新力、環境適應力與組織內部能力，以及在品牌國際化管理流程的四個階段：分別為評估階段、市場進入策略規劃階段、品牌行銷策略規劃階段、和執行階段。本研究將個案公司結合這四力的現況與關連，然後提出有關未來發展的建議並將藉由中國企業的個案研究，結合中國企業國際化、國際行銷管理及品牌管理的理論與文獻，以管理的觀點，點出中國企業品牌國際化發展的關鍵能力，提供給中國企業在全球化市場下發展品牌國際化的參考，同時也希望能對相關學術研究有所助益。 / 21st century, as being described in the book “The World is Flat” written by Tomas Friedman, is a flat world with unlimited business opportunities generated by globalization whereas the competition within is also fierce. In order to be competitive in this context of global market environment, it is recognized by growing Chinese enterprises the importance to win in domestic China market first, where being identified as the next biggest consumption market after U.S, further to develop company competence for wining a place as an international brand. It is also being acknowledged that Chinese enterprises have to experience continuous business process as well as management philosophy evolvement in order to achieve this ultimate goal – building an International Brand in global market. The tendency of the local brand to be international is as well an index to observe the competitive ability of a country in global market. While year 2008 is the 30th anniversary for China's reformation, the potentials for current Chinese enterprises to develop International Brands also speak for China national competence. It is a focus to examine the competitive capability embraced by Chinese enterprises for developing international brands while reviewing current global commercial markets. This study aims to exploit the competitive capability within Chinese enterprises to develop international brands, which include Core Competency, Innovation Sustainability, Environment Adaption, and Organization Capability. In addition, four stages for Brand Management process are also reviewed: Brand Evaluation, Market Entry, Brand Marketing as well as Brand Execution. Case study is the methodology applied in the study, in which four Chinese enterprises – L company in 3C industry, H company in domestics appliances industry, Li company in sport retailing industry, are presented with in-depth interview conducted from L company, H company, Li company in year 2009.

Samtliga nya detaljplaner behöver genomgå en undersökning tidigt i planprocessen för att bedöma om planen tros kunna orsaka en betydande miljöpåverkan och i så fall behöva genomgå en strategisk miljöbedömning. Structor Miljöteknik arbetar med miljöbedömningar av detaljplaner med målsättningen är att väva in miljöanpassningsåtgärder i ett så tidigt skede av planeringen som möjligt för att bidra till en hållbar stadsplanering. En strategi med tillhörande processverktyg togs fram i samband med ett tidigare examensarbete för att underlätta detta arbetssätt. Verktyget är anpassad för användare som redan är väl insatta i dem framtagna strategin, och kan därmed upplevas som tung att sätta sig in i. För att fler ska kunna tänka sig att använda det och för att den framtagna strategin ska få större genomslag hos Sveriges kommuner behöver därför verktyget vidareutvecklas och bli mer användarvänligt.  En utvärderande studie gjordes av den arbetsprocess som Structor Miljöteknik har för undersökningar i syfte att identifiera dess styrkor och svagheter. Utifrån denna studie, intervjuer med Naturvårdsverket, Boverket, Länsstyrelsen i Örebro län, Motala kommun och konsulter från Structor Miljöteknik samt en egen utvärdering av det befintliga verktyget togs flera kriterier fram för det nya verktyget. Kriterierna gavs olika prioriteringar som baserades på i vilken grad uppfyllandet av kriteriet ansågs bidra till ökad funktionalitet, automatisering och användarvänlighet. Microsoft Excel identifierades som en lämplig programvara för verktyget då majoriteten av kriterierna bedömdes kunna uppfyllas i det. En plan för vidareutvecklingen av verktyget togs fram som delades in i 4 etapper: framtagande av grund, uppfylla satta kriterier, författa en vägledning och tester och utvärdering. På grund av tidsbrist färdigställdes dock endast den första etappen fullt ut. Grundversionen av det nya verktyget gav goda förutsättningar att uppfylla kriterierna med hög prioritet samt merparten av de övriga.  Möjligheten att uppfylla de olika framtagna kriterierna och tillvägagångsättet för att i ett vidare arbete slutföra utvecklingsprocessen analyserades och presenterades. / When a new local plan is crafted an early screening during the planning process is required to examine if the plan has significant environmental impact. If the plan is believed to have significant environmental impact a strategic environmental assessment needs to be conducted. The company Structor Miljöteknik has a way of working with the environmental assessment of plans where the goal is to incorporate measures striving for greater environmental sustainability early in the process. Today the company does this using a strategy and a processing tool that was created by Sandström. The use of the processing tools is limited by the fact that it requires a user with deeper understanding of the tools construction to be able to use it. Therefore, there is a need for further development of the processing tool to achieve a more user-friendly interface, so that its use become more widespread and the environmental profits of it can be reaped. An evaluative study has been conducted to pinpoint the strength and weaknesses in the process used by Structor Miljöteknik currently. Within this study extensive interviews have been conducted with different government agencies, country administrative board, municipality and people working in the private company Structor Miljöteknik. Based on the interviews several criteria for a developed processing tool were identified. All the criteria were then rated based on three parameters: functionality, automation and user friendliness. Microsoft Excel was identified as suitable software product to use for the processing tool since it enabled most of the criteria to be fulfilled. The further development of the processing tool was divided into four steps: creating a foundation, fulfilling the set criteria, creating a manual and tests and evaluation. In this report the first step was completed, laying a foundation that has great potential for achieving the criteria with high priority as well as most of the other criteria when the further steps are developed.