61 |
Ett klimatnuetralt Ihus 2030Wolff, Mirea, Borg, Petra, Olofsson, Emelie, Melén, Cecilia, Söderberg, Erik, Bergström Bostner, Albin January 2018 (has links)
Det kommunala fastighetsbolaget AB Uppsala kommuns Industrihus, även kallat Ihus, har som mål att bli klimatneutralt till år 2030. Definitionen av klimatneutralitet är att de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser ska vara lika med noll. Detta kan vara svårt att uppnå i praktiken med enbart organisationsomställning, miljöledningssystem och livscykelanalyser (LCA) då nästan alla delar i en verksamhet ger upphov till växthusgasutsläpp i olika led. Inledningsvis identifierades och kvantifierades direkta och indirekta utsläpp. Verksamheten delades därför in i olika sektorer för att underlätta arbetet. Dessa sektorer valdes utifrån de utgifter som Ihus redovisar och delades upp i fem utgiftsposter. Dessa var renovering, säkerhet, fastighetsskötsel, konsult och avfallshantering. Företag vars verksamhet liknar den hos Ihus entreprenörer valdes ut för varje sektor. Genom att sedan undersöka deras utsläpp och omsättning beräknades sektorns utsläppsintensitet. Ihus utgiftsposter multiplicerades med motsvarande sektor och utsläppen från Ihus kunde bestämmas. Kvantifieringen av Ihus utsläpp resulterade i en åtgärdsplan med konkreta åtgärder presenterade i en tidplan. Tidplanen bestod av tre milstolpar med fyra års mellanrum fram till 2030 då Ihus vill ha uppnått sitt mål med att bli klimatneutrala. Inom de fyra första åren bör Ihus fokusera på åtgärder som är relativt enkla att utföra samt åtgärder som lägger en grund för ett långsiktigt miljöarbete. Dessa inkluderar resurseffektivisering, specificerad fakturering, redovisning av entreprenörers transporter samt uppföljningsmetod för upphandling. Fram till milstolpe 2 rekommenderas Ihus att utföra LCA på relevanta delar av verksamheten, så som renovering, samt kräva att entreprenörer redovisar direkta utsläpp i samband med upphandling. Cirkulär resurshantering bör även införas. Fram till milstolpe 3 kommer Ihus med hjälp av en rad åtgärder enligt en åtgärdsplan att minska sina utsläpp. De utsläpp som kvarstår efter år 2030 rekommenderas Ihus att kompensera. Även krav på att entreprenörer ska redovisa indirekta utsläpp bör ställas fram till milstolpe 3.
|
62 |
AnÃlise sÃcio-ambiental do segmento do baixo curso do rio Maranguapinho na cidade de Fortaleza-Ce: relaÃÃes sociedade x natureza / Partner-environmental analysis of the segment of the low course of the river Maranguapinho in the Fortaleza-Ce: relations society x natureLuiz Belino Ferreira Sales 29 October 2004 (has links)
A AnÃlise Ambiental do Baixo Curso do Rio Maranguapinho-Ce,
constitui um trabalho de compreensÃo das complexidades presentes na Ãrea atravÃs da avaliaÃÃo dos impactos do processo de uso e ocupaÃÃo da terra e seu efeito na ecologia da paisagem e as resultantes sÃcio-ambientais de tais aÃÃes. O
trabalho busca uma abordagem integrada utilizando para isso elementos de compreensÃo das dinÃmicas de formaÃÃo dos processos naturais atuantes e dos processos sociais presentes na Ãrea de estudo. Sua importÃncia consiste na compreensÃo da paisagem como uma unidade espacial, um conceito operacional
(SUERTEGARAY, 2000), que à formado da sÃntese dos processos naturais com os processos sociais. A Ãrea estudada compreende um segmento do baixo curso do rio Maranguapinho localizada na cidade de Fortaleza em sua porÃÃo oeste, estando compreendida entre os bairros AntÃnio Bezerra, Autran Nunes, Henrique Jorge, Parque Genibaà e JoÃo XXIII. / The Environmental Analysis of low course Maranguapinho-Ce River, constitutes a work of understanding of the present complexities in the area through the evaluation of the impacts of the use process and occupation of the earth and
his/her effect in the ecology of the landscape and the partner-environmental resultants of such actions. The work search an integrated approach using for that elements of understanding of the dynamics of formation of the active natural processes and of the present social processes in the study area. His/her importance consists of the understanding of the landscape as a space unit, an operational concept (SUERTEGARAY, 2000), that it is formed of the synthesis of the natural processes with the social processes. The studied area understands a segment of the bass course of the river located Maranguapinho in the city of Fortaleza in his/her portion west, being understood among the neighborhoods AntÃnio Bezerra, Autran Nunes, Henrique Jorge, Parque Genibaà and JoÃo XXIII.
|
63 |
AnÃlise de sustentabilidade do sistema agroflorestal com agricultores de Nova Olinda e Santana do Cariri -CE / Analysis of sustainable agroforestry system with farmers in Nova Olinda and Santana do Cariri-CEManoel Jorge Pinto da Franca 29 October 2004 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agroflorestais difundidos pela OrganizaÃÃo NÃo Governamental ACB â AssociaÃÃo Cristà de Base e implantados por agricultores familiares, nos municÃpios de Nova Olinda e Santana do Cariri. Procurou-se realizar um trabalho objetivo, identificando fatores ambientais, sociais e econÃmicos, que devem ser considerados e que tenham relevÃncia para o desenvolvimento dos sistemas agroflorestais na regiÃo semi-Ãrida em estudo. A Ãrea de estudo foi a comunidade de Taboleiro â Nova Olinda e Catolà â
Santana do Cariri, onde havia as duas experiÃncias que mais caracterizavam a implantaÃÃo dos sistemas agroflorestais. Para o enriquecimento e visando-se estabelecer bases comparativas,
entrevistou-se agricultores familiares que nÃo trabalham a proposta da âAgroflorestaâ, denominados no estudo de agricultores convencionais. Para a anÃlise ambiental, calculou-se performance ambiental dos sistemas utilizando-se a Metodologia do Guia do Produtor Rural. BNB (1999). Na
anÃlise social, verificou-se os aspectos que podem influenciar decisivamente na validaÃÃo da proposta, como organizaÃÃo social, capacitaÃÃo, educaÃÃo, saÃde, habitaÃÃo, acesso a utensÃlios domÃsticos e lazer. Na anÃlise econÃmica utilizou-se o cÃlculo da Renda Familiar Per Capita e Renda Percentual por Setor/OcupaÃÃo dos agricultores do sistema. De uma maneira geral, analisando os aspectos ambientais, sociais e econÃmicos, os sistemas agroflorestais se mostraram melhores em relaÃÃo aos sistemas convencionais. A anÃlise ambiental constatou a sustentabilidade ambiental em uma Ãrea pesquisada. Percebe-se que as diferenÃas nos fatores ambientais e sociais das comunidades e entre as propriedades trabalhadas influenciam no resultado final do sistema implantado. Constata-se que mesmo com as melhorias apresentadas pelos sistemas agroflorestais,
estes nÃo conseguem a curto prazo resolver todas as dificuldades apresentadas, nÃo podendo, portanto, ser caracterizado como sustentÃvel, em relaÃÃo aos trÃs aspectos estudados. Daà à necessÃrio compreender que as conclusÃes aqui apresentadas sÃo parte de um processo e nÃo podem
neste momento contemplar o todo. Mas, apresenta, portanto, indicativos importantes para a consolidaÃÃo de propostas sustentÃveis de convivÃncia como o Semi-Ãrido.
|
64 |
Language Environmental Analysis System (LENA) Introductory TrainingBoyce, Sarah 01 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
|
65 |
Environmental Analysis of the Upper Cambrian Nounan Formation, Bear River Range and Wellsville Mountain, North-Central UtahGardiner, Larry L. 01 May 1974 (has links)
The Nounan Formation in north-central Utah thickens northward from 696 feet near Causey Dam to 1147 feet at High Creek in the Bear River Range, and northwestward to 1149 feet at Dry Canyon in Wellsville Mountain. The basal contact of the Nounan Formation is sharp, but dolomite extends irregularly downward into limestones of the Bloomington Formation as much as 6 feet.
The Nounan Formation is divided into three members based on lithologic characters: (1) a lower member composed of dark, medium-crystalline dolomite; (2) a middle member composed of white, coarse-crystalline dolomite with tongues of dark dolomite; and (3) an upper member of interbedded light and dark dolomites and limestones with local arenites and sandy carbonates.
The lower member was deposited in a high-energy, shallow-marine subtidal to intertidal environment. Evidence includes sets of low-angle cross stratification (dunes), oncolites, oolites, and rip-up clasts.
The middle member forms distinctive ledges and cliffs. The presence of thinly laminated algal stromatolites and relict structures seen also in the lower member indicate a subtidal to intertidal environment similar to that inferred for the lower member. The white color and coarse crystallinity may have resulted from recrystallization of the dark, finer grained dolomite that comprises the lower member.
The upper member is characterized by lithologic variability. Thicknesses of limestone are greatest in the north, and decrease to only a few feet in the south. Quartz and other terrigenous minerals are scattered at intervals throughout the upper member, with a marker of sandy (arenaceous) dolomites at the base and near the middle and an increase of sand near the top also. The upper contact, with quartz-rich arenites (subarkosic quartzites) of the Worm Creek Member of tho St. Charles Formation, is gradational overall, but is sharp and planar in each section and readily located. In the upper member, algal mats trapped a varying but overall increasing influx of quartz and feldspar, probably in shallow subtidal environments, and vertically stacked hemispheroids suggest that depositional conditions may have included intertidal.
Virtually all of the dolomite in the Nounan Formation must have formed by replacement of lime sediments by downward-moving high-magnesium brines. It is that these brines originated in restricted, shallow, subtidal evaporating basins, such as the Great Bahama Banks today, and associated supratidal flats. Lateral changes from limestone to dolomite overall and also in individual beds of the upper member indicate that the brines travelled laterally as well as vertically, and dolomitization may have been limited as much by prior diagenetic alteration and cementation as by the volume, concentration, and proximity of the brine itself.
|
66 |
The Establishment of Sihziwan Marine Test Field: Environmental AnalysisHsu, Teng-yi 03 September 2007 (has links)
The so-called "Marine Testing Field (MTF)" is a concept to set up a natural site so that a laboratory experiment may be implemented directly at sea. In viewing the geographical advantage of National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), an MTF has been proposed near the Shziwan bay area, which is particularly suitable to conduct research on near shore processes and harbor monitoring and protection. The purpose of this study is implemented the first phase towards the establishment of Shziwan MTF, that is, to conduct a complete survey of this area, including topological, morphological, geological, and dynamical properties of this area. The survey employs various equipment including sidescan sonar, subbpttom profiler, multibeam system, and seabed sampling, etc. To achieve a good quality, the survey routes were carefully planned, and 10 seabed samples were taken. The results have shown that the slope of the seafloor is about 145:1, indicating that the area has a very slow varying topography. Sidescan images have been carefully analyzed, and several objects on the seabed have been identified; furthermore, the subbottom images have shown layering structure in this area. The seabed sampling shows that the seabed is mostly consisted of fine sand with average particle size of about 0.263 mm. Overall, the field already explored shows that it is about 4116725m2 in area, in which 88.1% is sand, 7.2% sand with ripple marks, and 4.7% rocks.
|
67 |
The dilemma of Polish subcontractors : A study of sustaining competitiveness in a changing environmentKöhnke, Johanna, Chmiel, Ewa, Kuska, Pawel January 2008 (has links)
Our interest in this thesis is based on the discussion we had in previous courses about the development of emerging countries. Since two of the writers of this thesis are from Poland we tried to found a common interest, hence the relationship between the Polish subcontractors and Swedish customer is analyzed. Poland is also known as a low cost country and that make it favorable when it comes about hiring subcontractors. The subcontractors in Poland are also known for the skills and expertise to produce quality. Something that is important for many foreign companies. IKEA has more than 40 subcontractors in Poland; the reason is just the factors mentioned above, to be able to produce good quality to low cost. (www.ikea.com) Earlier research indicate that Poland is developing rapidly compare to other emergent countries in Eastern Europe. There have been and will be changes in the environment that most likely will affect the competitive advantage that the subcontractors are the leader in. In other words these changes might lead to that Poland loses its customers which choose other markets that still are able produce at lower costs. The main problem for the thesis is to investigate how can polish subcontractors cope with environmental changes to sustain competitive advantage? In order to answer this, we used a qualitative approach where the characteristics of a case study are conducted. We collected and analyzed data in an abductive way. The interviews with the three Polish subcontractors were made in a semi structure form via telephone. To be able to solve the above problem an environmental analysis of Poland was done, in order to found those factors that are mentioned as worries and are likely to change in the future. The changes are presented from subcontractors’ perspective and recommendation how to cope with them is given.
|
68 |
Canadian Solar Road Panel Design: A Structural and Environmental AnalysisNorthmore, Andrew 05 February 2014 (has links)
Solar road panels are a technology that have the ability to revolutionize the way that roads are built and how electricity is generated. Strong incentives towards sustainable solutions in both of these fields have led to the design of innovative, multifaceted solutions, of which solar road panels are one of the most recent entrants. This research presents some initial analysis into the design of solar road panels from the perspective of Canadian pavement engineering. The hypothesis of this research was as follows:
A specially designed modular panel can be constructed to withstand the structural and environmental loads on Canadian pavement structures while simultaneously generating electricity through embedded photovoltaic cells.
Through a process that covers the design, construction, and analysis of the structural elements of a solar road panel prototype, this research evaluated the impact that solar road panels can have for Canada???s pavement infrastructure. Specific elements researched include the material selection for such a panel, the flexural response of the composite structure, how the panel will interact with traditional pavement and geotechnical materials while in use, and the change in performance of transparent layer materials as they are subjected to freeze-thaw cycling and scaling.
The research found that the initial prototype design included a two 10-mm tempered glass pane transparent layers with a 12.7-mm GPO-3 optical layer and 19.1-mm GPO-3 base layer. The concept being that the glass would provide the rigidity required to protect the fragile solar cells while the fiberglass laminate has demonstrated performance as a traffic-supporting material in adverse conditions.
Testing of this structure found that the performance was easily duplicated through finite element analysis, given that the material properties were assumed to be more rigid than the averages for tempered glass and GPO-3. Further finite element analysis demonstrated that the prototype solar road panel would not fail through traditional fatiguing methods, and in all cases on concrete, asphalt, granular, and subgrade bases the panels improved the performance characteristics of the structural base.
The environmental conditioning of acrylic, glass, and polycarbonate specimens demonstrated that glass is the ideal material choice for the transparent layer for Canadian solar road panels. It proved to have the greatest freeze-thaw and scaling resistance of the three materials, and while the friction characteristic of the flat glass samples would not be suitable for driving on, avenues of research were identified that could improve this characteristic.
In summary, the research conducted clearly proved the hypothesis; it is possible to build a structure that can house a photovoltaic system while supporting the structural and environmental loads that Canadian pavement are exposed to. The ideal panel would be constructed with a tempered glass transparent layer, GPO-3 optical and base layers, and the structure would be installed on a concrete structural base. The refinement of this design will be the scope for future research.
|
69 |
The dilemma of Polish subcontractors : A study of sustaining competitiveness in a changing environmentKöhnke, Johanna, Chmiel, Ewa, Kuska, Pawel January 2008 (has links)
<p>Our interest in this thesis is based on the discussion we had in previous courses about the development of emerging countries. Since two of the writers of this thesis are from Poland we tried to found a common interest, hence the relationship between the Polish subcontractors and Swedish customer is analyzed.</p><p>Poland is also known as a low cost country and that make it favorable when it comes about hiring subcontractors. The subcontractors in Poland are also known for the skills and expertise to produce quality. Something that is important for many foreign companies. IKEA has more than 40 subcontractors in Poland; the reason is just the factors mentioned above, to be able to produce good quality to low cost. (www.ikea.com)</p><p>Earlier research indicate that Poland is developing rapidly compare to other emergent countries in Eastern Europe. There have been and will be changes in the environment that most likely will affect the competitive advantage that the subcontractors are the leader in. In other words these changes might lead to that Poland loses its customers which choose other markets that still are able produce at lower costs.</p><p>The main problem for the thesis is to investigate how can polish subcontractors cope with environmental changes to sustain competitive advantage?</p><p>In order to answer this, we used a qualitative approach where the characteristics of a case study are conducted. We collected and analyzed data in an abductive way. The interviews with the three Polish subcontractors were made in a semi structure form via telephone. To be able to solve the above problem an environmental analysis of Poland was done, in order to found those factors that are mentioned as worries and are likely to change in the future. The changes are presented from subcontractors’ perspective and recommendation how to cope with them is given.</p>
|
70 |
Energiåtgärder Säve Hotell : Minskning av uppvärmningsbehov / Energy measures on Säve Hotel : Reducing the energy needed for heatingSalbom, Björn January 2014 (has links)
En modern byggnad enligt gällande normer. Hur hårda är kraven som ställs och skulle de kunna vara hårdare? I den här rapporten undersöks en hotellbyggnad belägen i Säve. Dess värmebehov skulle sänkas med 50 %. Målet skulle uppfyllas med miljövänliga material, enligt SundaHus, men samtidigt fanns ekonomiska mål. Projektet skulle vara ekonomiskt försvarbart. Byggnadens ritningar undersöktes och genom att öka på isoleringstjockleken i klimatskalet sänktes transmissionsförlusterna till 127 500 kWh/år, från 146 280. Genom att göra det tätare sänktes den energi som försvinner via luftläckaget till 3 580 kWh/år, från 28 650. Även ventilationssystemet gjordes effektivare vilket fick ner ventilationsförlusterna till 90 650 kWh/år, från 120 835. Trots dessa förbättringar lyckades inte värmebehovet sänkas till 50 % av ursprungliga 266 500 kWh/år. Det värmebehovet som arbetet resulterade i blev 192 450 kWh/år, vilket är en sänkning med endast 28 %. Detta kan förklaras av att vid tjocka isolerskikt uppstår problem med att torka ut fukten i klimatskalet. Risken med höga fukthalter är mögel som kan uppstå och påverka integriteten i konstruktionen. Genom att begränsa isolertjockleken kan fukthalten hållas i rimliga nivåer där den kan tänkas torka ut under årets varmare del. Ytterligare ett mål med projektet var att förbättringar skulle ske med miljövänliga material. Många av de material som används i dagens byggnader går att ersätta med trä. Ett material som Sverige borde använda mer. Inte minst för att det binder koldioxid. Alla material är inte lika lätta att byta ut. Betong är ett sådant material. Det är inte direkt farligt för miljön men är inget som SundaHus rekommenderar utom i prefabricerade element. Dess höga tryckhållfasthet och armeringsmöjligheter är tillsammans med att det är lättarbetat, så länge det inte bränt, svårslaget. Totalkostnaden för att göra ovan nämnda förbättringar var beräknat att kosta ungefär 3 miljoner. Sett till hur mycket som det sänker månadskostnaden på 50 år varierar resultatet beroende på elpriset. Ligger elpriset på 0,60 kr/kWh hamnar projektet på en förlust med ungefär 1,85 miljoner. Är elpriset istället så högt som 1,50 kr/kWh vänds förlusten till en vinst på 4,16 miljoner. Slutsatsen blir att det går att förbättra byggnader, men att sätta skyhöga mål om att minska värmebehovet med hela 50 % är orimliga. Tjocka isolerskikt kan ge mer problem än vad de löser. Fukt skulle ge upphov till mögel som kan påverka konstruktionens stabilitet samt även påverka hälsan negativt för de boende. Om dessa problem rent konstruktivt skulle kunna lösas är det långt ifrån säkert att kostnaderna bär sig. Elpriset är en avgörande faktor för om projektet blir en förlust eller vinst. / Looking at a modern building built in accordance with current standards. How high they are set and could they be higher? This report examines a hotel building located in Säve, just north of Gothenburg. One of the targets of this report was to reduce its heating demand by 50%. The goal would be reached by using environmentally friendly materials, as well as upholding financial targets. An important target was for the project to be economically viable. By increasing the insulation thickness of the buildings climate barrier and thus reducing the transmission losses to 127 500 kWh / year, from 146 280, and making it more airtight lowered the energy lost through air leakage to 3 580 kWh / year, from 28 650. The efficiency of the ventilation system was improved as well, reducing the ventilation losses to 90 650 kWh / year, from 120 835. Despite these improvements the amount of energy needed for heating was reduced to 192 450 kWh / year, a mere 28%. The target was 50% of the original 266 500 kWh / year. By having a thick layer of insulation problems with drying out the moisture will occur and thus it is also important to keep the thickness at a reasonable level. Otherwise mold would start to grow, affecting the integrity of the structure as well as the health of the residents. By limiting the insulation thickness moisture levels can be maintained in reasonable levels and to dried out during the warmer part of the year. Another goal of the project was that improvements could be made with environmentally friendly materials. Many of the materials used in today’s buildings can be replaced with wood. An abundant material in Sweden that should be used more, not least as it’s a benefit to the environment as it binds carbon dioxide. All the materials are not easy to replace. Concrete being one such material. It is not directly harmful to the environment but nothing SundaHus recommends using, except prefabricated elements. Its high compressive strength and ability to work with reinforcement is hard to beat. The costs of making these improvements and modifications were estimated to cost roughly SEK3 million. The true benefits or costs over the course of the buildings life span of 50 years are more difficult to estimate, as it’s highly dependent of the cost of electricity. At the price of SEK0.60 / kWh the project would be a loss of approximately SEK1.85 million whereas if the price would had been SEK1.50 / kWh it’s estimated that the project would turn to a profit of SEK4.16 million. The conclusion is that it’s possible to improve buildings, but putting exorbitant goals to reduce heating requirements by as much as 50% is unreasonable. Thick insulation layer can give more problems than they solve. Moisture could cause mold that can affect the structural stability and also negatively affect the health of the residents. If these constructive problems could be solved, it is still far from certain that the cost of carrying themselves. The electricity price is a determining factor to whether the project will turn to a loss or be profitable.
|
Page generated in 0.1049 seconds