Orientador: Maria Lucia Galves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_BrunoBernardes_M.pdf: 2867644 bytes, checksum: 430fb62cdd05f3b640fc38df56f25a57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Em que pese a característica de ser um equipamento indutor de desenvolvimento e fundamental para a integração nacional, um aeroporto também é responsável por diversos impactos ambientais associados à sua implantação e operação. Sob esse contexto, é fundamental que as decisões relacionadas à expansão da infraestrutura aeroportuária estejam inseridas em um processo sistemático de planejamento que considere os variados aspectos de ordem econômica, social e ambiental. Reconhecidamente, a ferramenta que insere critérios de sustentabilidade em Políticas, Planos e Programas é a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE). Esta é um instrumento com procedimentos flexíveis, variando conforme a decisão estratégica em que é aplicada, cuja metodologia e abordagem apresentam ainda algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar um estudo para elaborar uma estrutura de Plano Diretor Aeroportuário de caráter ambiental, a partir dos preceitos da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica e do Auxílio Multicritério à Decisão (AMCD). Para isso, foram estudados os principais procedimentos e práticas desenvolvidos no âmbito do setor aeroportuário, além de serem objetos de análise específica as etapas de scoping da AAE e de Estruturação do AMCD. Como resultado foi elaborada uma metodologia, baseada nessas duas etapas das diferentes ferramentas, a ser seguida para elaboração de Planos Diretores Aeroportuários que contemplem a variável ambiental. Como estudo de caso, essa metodologia proposta foi aplicada no Plano Diretor do Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos/Campinas, possibilitando uma análise crítica sobre como a ferramenta proposta pode impactar o planejamento em estudo / Abstract: Despite the characteristic of being an inducer of development and a key aspect to national integration, an airport is also responsible for various environmental impacts associated with its implementation and operation. In this context, it is important that the decisions related to the expansion of airports are inserted into a systematic planning process that considers the various aspects of economic, social and environmental considerations. Admittedly, the tool capable of insert sustainability criteria in Policies, Plans and Programs is the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). This is an instrument with flexible procedures, varying according to the strategic decision that is applied, whose methodology and approach still have some gaps to be filled. The objective of this work is to conduct a study to develop a structure of airport master plan with environmental aspects, from the contribution of Strategic Environmental Assessment and Multiple Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA). For this, the main procedures and practices developed under the airport sector were studied, besides being objects of specific analysis the scoping step of SEA and structuring step of MCDA. As a result it was developed a methodology based on these two stages of different tools, to be followed for preparation of airport master plans that address the environmental variable. As a case study, this proposed methodology was applied in the Viracopos International Airport master plan, providing a critical analysis of how the proposed tool can impact the study planning / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The main aim of this thesis is  to demonstrate and critically assess life cycle approaches’ and environmental certification (EC) tools’ potential for supporting decisions for improved environmental performance in the building and real estate sectors. Using life cycle approaches, the thesis shows that for new build and renovation cases aiming for low operational energy use that embodied global warming potential (GWP) due to material production can constitute a large portion of a building’s lifetime GWP. Therefore life cycle based information about materials’ embodied GWP needs to be made available to and utilized by design process decision makers. It was also shown that applying the Swedish EC tool Miljöbyggnad was useful in highlighting potential positive and negative changes in indoor environmental quality arising from renovation packages aiming at significant operational energy use reduction in existing multifamily buildings. However such renovation packages are not profitable from a property owner perspective. Miljöbyggnad may be useful when designing policy instruments to overcome this.    The thesis also showed that EC and related environmental enhancements contribute to achieving property owners’ and tenants’ overall strategic objectives for value creation. For property owners this arises for example through lower energy costs and attracting desirable tenants. For tenants, value creation arises as support for internal and external environmental communication. For the further development of life cycle approaches’ and EC tools’ application to buildings and real estate it is important to consider how they can be adapted to consider ‘distance to sustainable’ targets referencing for instance the planetary boundaries approach. It is also interesting to investigate how valuation of buildings and real estate may be performed in a way that expands from the current narrow focus on the economic perspective to also include environmental and social perspectives. / <p>QC 20170210</p>

Substantial hunting pressure and habitat destruction caused by oil extraction has critically endangered the Amazonian manatee in Ecuador. The current population status is unknown because an effective method to observe them in the wild has yet to be developed. This study explored whether the Amazonian manatee persists or has been extirpated in the eastern Ecuadorian Amazon utilizing side-scan sonar to increase odds of detection. Spatial differences in probability of detection were quantified if manatees were observed. The level of chemical contamination was determined and compared spatially and temporally against historical data. Data were collected using opportunistic transect surveys and grab sampling of surface water in Yasuni National Park, Lagartococha, and Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve. Surveys confirmed that the manatee population is extant. Manatees were encountered more often in Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve than in Lagartococha and Yasuni. Side-scan sonar detected more manatees than previously reported in 1996-1999. Side-scan sonar is a viable method for detection of manatees in the Ecuadorian Amazon system and resulted in greater detection as a function of effort. All future population studies should incorporate side-scan sonar. Lead, arsenic, mercury, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], and volatile organic compounds [VOCs] were not detected in the waters of the study region. High total petroleum hydrocarbon [TPH] levels were measured in 7 samples from Yasuni National Park. The concentrations of TPH were higher in Yasuni National Park than in Lagartococha and Cuyabeno. TPHs were detected only in the study region with a recent oil spill; there was no evidence that TPHs were higher near oil production wells and pipelines. The concentrations of TPH were significantly different than those measured in 1998 (z =3.01710, p=0.0026). A dedicated study should be performed to develop a protocol for monitoring persistent oil contaminants in the Ecuadorian Amazon and determine their sink.

Anaerobic digestion technologies have been utilized in Vietnam for more than 30 years with thousands of domestic small scale plants, mostly for agricultural and livestock wastes. For municipal solid waste (MSW) the development of biogas plants is far below the current high waste generation rates. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a feasibility assessment of implementing AD to treat the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in Vietnam. For this purpose, an environmental analysis was performed comparing three treatment scenarios: two hypothetical AD technologies (a wet and a dry fermentation system) and the existing industrial composting facility at Nam Binh Duong Waste Treatment Complex in South Vietnam. This study sought for the technology to recover the most possible resources and energy from the OFMSW, and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results were then combined with a policy review to support a holistic approach on the feasibility of these technologies in Vietnam. The outcome indicates that by implementing the dry AD system, up to 16.7 GWh of power and 14.4 GWh of heat energy can be generated annually and it can potentially save up to 5,400 Mg of CO2 equivalent per year, presenting the highest resource/energy benefits. The performance of the wet system and composting facility present some advantages particularly if there is a previous segregation of the organic material from the rest of the household wastes. Moreover, current reforms in Vietnam demonstrate the government’s interest in AD technologies, translated into the development of fiscal and financial revenues which incentivize participation from the public and private sector. Finally, these technologies are constantly under development and have the potential to be further improved, which gives hopes that waste treatment systems can be optimized to meet the waste and energy challenges of the future generations. / Phương pháp lên men kị khí đã được áp dụng tại Việt Nam từ hơn 30 năm nay với hàng nghìn các công trình nhỏ chủ yếu xử lý chất thải nông nghiệp và chăn nuôi. Sự phát triển hiện nay của các nhà máy sinh khí biogas còn quá ít cho xử lý lượng phát thải cao rác thải đô thị. Bài báo này trình bày các kết quả việc đánh giá tính khả thi khi áp dụng công nghệ lên men kị khí xử lý phần hữu cơ của chất thải rắn đô thị tại Việt Nam. Với mục đích này, phân tích môi trường được thực hiện để so sánh ba kịch bản xử lý: hai công nghệ lên men kị khí giả định (một cho công nghệ lên men ướt và một cho công nghệ lên men khô) và nhà máy hiện hữu lên men hiếu khí làm phân bón compost tại khu liên hợp xử lý chất thải Nam Bình Dương ở miền Nam Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này tìm kiếm giải pháp công nghệ để thu hồi nhiều nhất có thể các tài nguyên và năng lượng từ rác thải đô thị và và giảm phát thải khí nhà kính. Các kết quả sau đó được kết hợp với đánh giá chính sách để hỗ trợ cách tiếp cận toàn diện về tính khả thi của các công nghệ này vào Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy áp dụng công nghệ lên men kị khí khô có thể tạo ra đến 16,7 GWh điện năng và 14,4 GWh nhiệt năng hàng năm và có khả năng làm giảm đến 8,000 Mg CO2 tương đương mỗi năm, thể hiện lợi ích cao nhất giữa tài nguyên và năng lượng. Hiệu suất của hệ thống lên men kị khí ướt và lên men hiếu khí thể hiện một số lợi thế đặc biệt khi nguyên liệu hữu cơ cho quá trình lên men được tiền phân loại ra khỏi hỗn hợp rác sinh hoạt. Hơn nữa, các đổi mới hiện nay ở Việt Nam thể hiện sự quan tâm của Chính phủ đến các công nghệ lên men kị khí, thể hiện qua sự tăng trưởng tài chính và doanh thu để khuyến khích sự tham gia của khu vực công và tư nhân. Chắc chắn rằng các công nghệ sẽ liên tục được phát triển và có khả năng được cải tiến tốt hơn, mang đến cho chúng ta những hy vọng rằng các hệ thống xử lý chất thải được tối ưu hóa để đáp ứng được các thách thức về chất thải và năng lượng của các thế hệ tương lai.

L'évaluation environnementale est un processus contraignant et dédié qui s’inscrit dans une dynamique environnementale affectant le droit local de l’urbanisme depuis plusieurs décennies (de la prise en compte des préoccupations d’environnement à l’intégration de l’environnement au sein des documents d’urbanisme). L’évaluation environnementale constitue un outil d'intégration de l’environnement pour les plans locaux d’urbanisme. De façon complémentaire, l’évaluation environnementale est un vecteur de transformation du plan local d’urbanisme. Elle nourrit d'une valeur ajoutée environnementale ses mécanismes (gouvernance, caractères et contrôle), tout en commandant un renouvellement de sa méthodologie. L’évaluation environnementale porte également transformation de la nature du plan local d’urbanisme, quant à ses sources et ses finalités. Ainsi, la transformation du plan local d’urbanisme évalué exprime le mouvement plus général d'enrichissement des sources d’un droit de l'urbanisme poreux à la thématique environnementale / Environmental assessment is a constraining and dedicated process that falls within an environmental dynamics. This environmental dynamics impacts planning law for several decades, from the insertion of environmental concerns to the integration of environment into local planning. Environmental assessment is a tool for integrating environmental concerns into local planning. Complementarily, environmental assessment is a vector of transformation of local planning that fuels its mechanisms (governance, characteristics, and control) with an environmental added value, while imposing a renewal of its methodology. Environmental assessment also transforms the very nature of local planning, as for its sources and purposes. Thus, the transformation of local planning submitted to environmental assessment expresses the broader movement of enrichment of the sources of planning law, now open to the environment thematic

L'usage efficient de matières résiduaires devient essentiel lorsque les ressources se raréfient. Afin de répondre à cette problématique par une approche industrielle, des stratégies à adopter sont plus efficientes lorsqu'elles sont développées à des échelles systémiques, notamment par des symbioses industrielles territoriales (SIT), plutôt qu'à un niveau individuel ou isolé. Un projet de SIT invite ainsi différentes activités économiques présentes sur un territoire à s'engager de manière collective afin de modifier structurellement le métabolisme territorial. Ce type de projet peut être impulsé par des organisations ou individus légitimés par le réseau d'acteurs de la SIT en devenir. Une équipe facilitatrice peut initier la démarche en se basant sur la formulation d'une promesse plausible de bénéfices, progressivement adaptée avec la participation des acteurs qui concourent à la conception, puis l'implémentation des scénarios, dépendamment de leurs "modèles de décision", lesquels incluent entre autres des dimensions environnementales. Alors que l'évaluation environnementale de produits a fait l'objet d'intenses efforts de développements, la considération concrète de conséquences environnementales de projets de SIT reste très vaguement explorée et l'Analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est présentée comme une méthode de choix pour l'évaluation environnementale de SIT. L'ACV n'intègre cependant ni le caractère subjectif de l'environnement pour appréhender le modèle de décision des acteurs, ni les changements structurels industriels pluriannuels induits par une SIT et leur effets sur l'environnement dans le temps. Partant de ces constats, et nous basant sur des recherches en sciences sociales, nous proposons une approche de conception anthropocentrée de l'environnement invitant à conceptualiser l'environnement comme un système de relations complexes sujet-objet, et pour lequel nous identifions des éléments clés de représentation de conséquences environnementales. L'identification de ces éléments clés nous a permis de constituer une base logique composée de trois environnements, permettant donc de couvrir la perception de --et donc de considérer conséquences sur-- l'environnement du point de vue des acteurs. Nous présentons une méthode participative qui intègre cette base logique et permet successivement 1) d'identifier les phénomènes environnementaux d'intérêt du projet de SIT, 2) de concevoir des indicateurs afférents au regard des connaissances relatives au territoire dans sa dimension biophysique et des mécanismes biophysiques mis en jeux, 3) d'estimer les conséquences environnementales du projet. Nous illustrons l'application de ces propositions méthodologiques pour un projet de gestion territorialisée de résidus organiques valorisés en agriculture à la Réunion. / Efficient use of by-products is essential as natural ressources are increasingly scarce. Industrial strategies to adress this issue are more efficient when they are developed on a system-based level, such as with regional industrial symbioses,rather then with individual or isolated approaches.Regional industrial symbiosis projects involve different industrial activities based on a territory and that are to be engaged collectively in order to make structural changes within the regional metabolism. This kind of project might be promoted by individuals or organisations legitimated by the whole of industrial symbiosis'actors. A facilitator group initiates the project, catalysing changes, based on a plausible promise of benefits. Those considered changes are gradually adapted and refined by the involved actors. In such a way, plausible benefits must match to their model of choice that comprises environmental, among others, dimensions.While methods and tools dedicated to environmental assessment of product were developped under strong research effort, the issue of environmental assessment fo regional industrial symbioses so far as has been weakly studied. For that purpose Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is presented as an ultimate environmental assessment method. However, LCA was not elaborated in oder to account for individual environmental perspective, nor to address structural system changes induced consequently to the implementation of a regional industrial sysbiosis nore its temporal effects on the environment, but instead LCA addresses global environmental issues related to a product. Starting from this analysis, and dealing with outcomes from social sciences, we propose to adopt an anthropocentric conception of the environment, as a system of complex subject-object relationships, for which we identify key elements of the perception of environemental consequences. Those key elements enable to build a logical basis composed of three environments that enable to cover, and thus to consider, actors' perception of environmental consequences related to the project. We present a participatory method that embeds this logical basis and suggests successively to 1) identify the environmental phenomena of interest related to the project, 2) design corresponding indicators considering concomitantly available data about the biophysical characteristics and scientific knowledge about the impact chains, 3) assess the environmental consequences. We illustrate the method and its epistemological foundations with a case study: a project that aims to recycle organic residues in agriculture in Réunion Island.

The role and scale of human impact on the global environment is a question of special importance to the scientific community and the world as a whole. This impact has dramatically increased since the beginning of industrialisation, yet its understanding remains patchy. The sub-Arctic plays a central role in forming the global environment due to the vast territory of boreal forest and tundra. Severe climatic conditions make its ecosystems highly sensitive to any natural and human disturbances. In this context, the dynamics of boreal vegetation, and of the forest/tundra interface (the treeline), is the most representative indicator of environmental changes in the sub-Arctic. For some time now, monitoring land cover and vegetation changes using remote sensing techniques have been a powerful method for studying human impact on environment from landscape to global scales. It is particularly efficient when applied to the sub-Arctic ecosystems. Remote sensing gives access to accurate and specific information about distant and hard-to-reach areas across forest and tundra. Despite all the e orts, there is a lack of uniformity in studying human impact, a shortage of mapping of impact over large territories and a lack of understanding of the relation between human activity and environmental response. This dissertation develops a systematic approach to monitoring land cover and vegetation changes under human impact over northern Fennoscandia. The study area extends north and south of the treeline and covers around 400,000km2 reaching from Finnmark in Norway, through Norrbotten in Sweden, Lapland in Finland up to the Murmansk region in Russia. This is the most populated and industrially developed region of the whole sub-Arctic and, therefore, suffering most from human impact. This dissertation identifies industrial atmospheric pollution, reindeer herding, forest logging, forest fires and infrastructure development as the primary types of human impact close to the treeline. For each type characteristic hotspots are identified and human impact is analysed in the context of physical environment as well as cultural, economical and political development of the area. This dissertation presents an automated workflow enabling large-scale land cover mapping in northern Fennoscandia with high throughput. It starts with automated image pre-processing using image metadata and ends with automated mapping of classification results. A single classifier for multispectral Landsat data is trained on extensive field data collected across the whole region. Open source tools are used extensively to set up the processing scripts enabling rapid and reproducible analysis. Using the developed advanced remote sensing methodology land cover maps are constructed for all identified hotspots and types of human impact. Changes in vegetation are analysed using three or four historical land cover maps for each hotspot. More than 35 Landsat TM and ETM+ images covering the period from the 1980s until 2011 are processed in an automated manner. A strong correlation between the level of impact and the scale of vegetation change is confirmed and analysed. The structure and dynamics of the local treeline and the quality of environment are analysed and assessed in the context of changing levels of impact at each hotspot and regionally.

Chaque année, 65 millions de m3 de sédiments sont extraits par dragage des ports, des canaux, des rivières et des fleuves français. Ces matériaux sont souvent contaminés par des métaux lourds, pesticides et autres polluants organiques accumulés au cours du temps, et doivent être stockés à terre. La valorisation des sédiments contaminés est encadrée par des guides techniques et par la réglementation en vigueur. Ces guides proposent une méthodologie d’évaluation et des valeurs seuils protectrices pour la santé humaine et l’environnement, utilisant les teneurs totales en composé organique hydrophobe (COH). Ce travail évalue le comportement environnemental à long terme de sédiments contaminés et précise quels sont les paramètres et les mécanismes contrôlant la mobilité des polluants organiques, afin de passer dans les études du danger au risque. 5 sédiments de natures différentes ont été suivis au laboratoire pendant 18 mois, et diverses méthodes de mesure des fractions solides, colloïdales et dissoutes ont été pratiquées. La matière organique des sédiments est hétérogène et possède une multitude de sites de sorption. La présence d’origine exogène de suie et de matières organiques condensées (Black Carbon) et d’hydrocarbures est responsable de la forte rétention des COH dans le sédiment (coefficients de partage Kd élevés et cinétiques de désorption très lentes).Une modélisation à partir des coefficients de partage, même avec des estimations très fines, peut largement sous-évaluer le risque environnemental (facteur 1000) car la mobilité des COH au travers des colloïdes ou macromolécules dissoutes n’est pas prise en compte dans les modèles d’émission et de transport classiques. / Each year, 65 million m3 of sediment are removed by dredging of harbors, canals, rivers and French rivers. These materials are often contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides and other organic pollutants accumulated over time, and should be stored ashore. The re-use of contaminated sediments under various scenarii is supervised by technical guidelines and regulations. These guides offer an evaluation methodology and thresholds for protecting human health and the environment, using the total solid concentrations of hydrophobic organic compound (HOC). This work evaluates the long-term environmental behavior of contaminated sediments and precisely what are the parameters and mechanisms controlling the mobility of organic pollutants, to assess risk rather than hazard. 5 sediments were monitored in the laboratory for 18 months, and various methods of measuring solid, colloidal and dissolved fractions were performed. The organic matter in sediments is heterogeneous and has a multitude of sorption sites. The presence of exogenous origin of soot and condensed organic matter (Black Carbon) and hydrocarbons is responsible for the high retention of HOC in the sediment (high partition coefficients Kd and very slow desorption kinetics). Classical modeling of the dissolved phase by partition coefficients, even refined, may significantly under-estimate the environmental risk (factor up to 1000) because the mobility of COH through colloids or dissolved macromolecules is not taken into account in the conventional transmission and transport models.

A Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) tem se destacado como um instrumento que auxilia no processo de tomada de decisões de Política, Planos e Programas, com aplicações que se distribuem por vários setores. Nos países desenvolvidos, os sistemas de Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica dispõem dos elementos essenciais para a integração do instrumento aos processos de tomada de decisões estratégicas, ao contrário dos países em desenvolvimento. Nesses países, as Agências Multilaterais de Desenvolvimento (AMD) despontam como grandes responsáveis pela disseminação da aplicação da AAE, o que remete à necessidade de sua adaptação aos diferentes contextos verificados. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação de Mestrado é voltada para a caracterização e análise da utilização da AAE pelas AMDs no contexto dos acordos multilaterais de financiamento estabelecidos com países em desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foram identificados o perfil geral de aplicação das AAES pelas AMDs selecionadas (Banco Mundial, Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento, Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento), bem como as diretrizes operacionais estabelecidas pelas agências para o uso do instrumento, tendo sido cotejadas diante de princípios de boas práticas para a aplicação da AAE. De modo complementar, para seis casos selecionados, foram aplicados procedimentos voltados à identificação dos aspectos estratégicos relacionados aos objetos submetidos à avaliação, bem como o alinhamento entre os Termos de Referência e as Avaliações Ambientais. Finalmente, foram aplicados critérios para revisão da qualidade dos relatórios das AAEs selecionadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as AMDs analisadas têm contribuído para a disseminação da AAE nos países em desenvolvimento, tendo solicitado 214 estudos em 59 países até o ano de 2014. Contudo, a abordagem empregada pelas AMDs - derivadas basicamente a partir das diretrizes operacionais estabelecidas em 1999 pelo Banco Mundial - apresenta diferenças importantes com as boas práticas internacionais no que diz respeito à avaliação de alternativas estratégicas e participação pública, além de serem aplicadas a objetos com baixo enfoque estratégico. Os resultados obtidos a partir da revisão de qualidade dos relatórios analisados mostram-se coerentes e alinhados com o contexto de aplicação das AAEs, apresentando baixa qualidade em termos da descrição da baseline, estabelecimento de alternativas e participação pública. / Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been highilighted as an instrument that assist the process of Policy, Plan and Program decision making, with applications distributed in various sectors. In developed countries, the SEA systems have the essential elements which promote the integration of this instrument to strategic decision making processes, as opposed to developing countries. In these countries, the Multilateral Development Agencies (MDA) emerge as responsible for the widespread of SEA application, which lead to the need to adapt this tool to different contexts. In this sense, this Master\'s thesis is focused on the characterization and analysis of the use of SEA by MDAs in the context of multilateral financing agreements established with developing countries. Thus, the general profile of SEA applications required by MDAs (World Bank, African Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank and Asian Development Bank) and the SEA operating guidelines established by these agencies have been identified, and faced to principles of SEA good practice. Moreover, to six selected cases, procedures were applied aimed at identifying the strategic aspects related to the objects undergoing assessment as well as the alignment between the Terms of Reference and Environmental Assessments. Finally, criteria to review the quality of reports were applied to the selected SEAs. The results indicate that MDAs analyzed have contributed to the spread of the SEA in developing countries, requiring 214 studies in 59 countries by 2014. However, the approach used by MDAs - basically derived from the operational guidelines established by the World Bank in 1999 - has important differences compared to international best practice with regard to the evaluation of strategic alternatives and public participation, beside being applied to objects with low strategic focus. The results from the reports quality review are conherent and aligned to the SEAs context application, showing low quality in the baseline description, alternatives establishment and public participation.

A consideração da variável ambiental nos processos decisórios de Políticas, Planos e Programas vem se mostrando um fator importante na busca pela sustentabilidade. A Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica se apresenta como o principal instrumento de planejamento para esta finalidade, em especial nos países que já possuem uma estrutura jurídica e institucional sólidas, além de tradição na prática de planejamento. A experiência internacional abordada pela pesquisa (Nova Zelândia, Inglaterra e Portugal) evidencia que arranjos institucionais já consolidados, dentre outros fatores, possibilita a utilização da AAE mediante a adequação de suas etapas às especificidades do contexto onde será adotada, em face de sua flexibilidade, ainda que aplicável a realidades distantes. Apesar de possuir uma estrutura de planejamento frágil, o Brasil apresenta iniciativas institucionais para operacionalização da AAE, no entanto, desfocadas em virtude de ausência de marcos conceituais claros e procedimentos definidos, ao contrário do que ocorre no cenário internacional. Através da análise integrada dos cenários internacional e nacional, este trabalho discute e investiga, a partir da experiência observada nos países selecionados, alternativas jurídicas, institucionais e de procedimentos para a incorporação da AAE em sua estrutura interna, incluindo a relação desta ferramenta com instrumentos da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente. A pesquisa evidenciou que o Brasil não apresenta ações efetivas e práticas no sentido de tutelar os recursos naturais, embora haja previsões neste sentido tanto na Constituição Federal quanto na Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente. A experiência internacional retratou que a utilização da AAE pode se mostrar importante para mitigar este quadro, mediante o estabelecimento de um sistema que possibilite integrar os diversos níveis estratégicos de planejamento, incorporando o valor ambiental em todas as suas agendas e influenciando a tomada de decisão. Este trabalho apresenta, então, alternativa para que, tanto a aplicação da AAE quanto outras ferramentas (Licenciamento Ambiental e Estudo de Impacto Ambiental) não sejam objeto de submissão ou pressão imposta pelo poder econômico, concluindo que a eventual adoção formal da AAE no Brasil necessita de regras jurídicas claramente definidas que permitam implementar uma estrutura de planejamento participativo transparente e que possibilite a participação popular. / The environmental variable in the decision processes of Policies, Plans, and Programmes has been taken in consideration as an important factor in the pursuit of sustainability. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is presented as the main planning instrument for this purpose, particularly in countries with tradition in the planning practice and solid legal and institutional structures. This research addresses an international experience (New Zealand, England, and Portugal) which shows that, among other factors, established institutional arrangements enables the use of SEA once their steps are adjusted, taking its flexibility into account, to the specificities of the context where it will be adopted, even when dealing with distant realities. Brazil, despite its fragile planning structure, presents institutional initiatives to operationalize the SEA, however, such initiatives are blurred due the lack of clear conceptual frameworks and well defined procedures which are already internationally established. By analyzing both national and international scenarios, this research discusses and investigates, based on the experiences observed in the selected countries, legal, institutional, and procedural alternatives for the incorporation of the SEA in its internal structure, what includes the relationship of this device to National Environmental Policy instruments. The research also shows that Brazil doesn\'t offer effective and practical actions to protect the natural resources, even in a scenario where such protection is planned by the Federal Constitution and the National Environmental Policy. The international experience demonstrates that the use of SEA may mitigate this scenario by establishing a system that allows the integration of the varied strategic levels of planning, adding environmental value and influencing the decisions. This research then presents an alternative so that the use of SEA and other devices may be free of submission or pressure imposed by the economic power, concluding that any formal adoption of SEA in Brazil requires clearly defined legal rules that allow to implement a transparent participatory planning structure that enables citizen participation.