Denna rapport har till syfte att belysa varför förvaltande fastighetsbolag, med en långsiktig ägarstrategi på sitt fastighetsbestånd, väljer att miljöcertifiera sina lokaler. Samt hur de upplever investeringskostnaden som en certifiering medför, om de ser några problem eller brister i systemen och vad de tror om framtiden för miljöcertifieringar. Rapporten är avgränsad till miljöcertifieringssystemen GreenBuilding, LEED, BREEAM och Miljöbyggnad. Metoden som använts för att uppfylla rapportens syfte är semi-strukturerade expertintervjuer. Nyckelpersoner inom hållbarhetsarbete på åtta av de större fastighetsbolagen i Stockholmsområdet har intervjuats. Svaren från dessa intervjuer har sedan analyserats mot tidigare forskning på området och slutsatser har frammanställts utifrån denna analys.  Av rapporten framkommer att det idag finns många anledningar för en fastighetsägare att certifiera sina kommersiella lokaler. Certifierade lokaler är efterfrågade av hyresgäster, certifieringen medför en kvalitetssäkring för byggnaden samt upplevs ge en bra miljöstyrning vid såväl projekt som vid förvaltning. Utöver detta uppenbaras att det även finns ekonomiska incitament. Certifieringen medför lägre driftkostnader och förmånligare finansiering; både i form av tillgång till mer kapital och fördelaktiga lånevillkor. Företag som emitterar obligationer öronmärkta för gröna projekt (gröna obligationer), kan även se prisskillnader på dessa gentemot vanliga obligationer.  Fastighetsbolagen upplever likväl att det finns brister och förbättringsmöjligheter för certifieringssystemen. Att certifiera en byggnad är resurskrävande, både i form av tid och pengar, och den allmänna kännedomen kring miljöcertifieringar är fortfarande relativt låg. Ett införande av färdiga systemstöd för certifieringsprocessen efterfrågas och vi anser att marknadsföringen av systemen bör bli bättre. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att framtiden ändå ser ljus ut för miljöcertifieringssystemen. I Stockholmsområdet anser fastighetsbolagen att det för nyproduktion av kommersiella lokaler numera nästan är en hygienfaktor. De incitament som finns för att certifiera tycks överstiga de brister som uppmärksammats, och att det numera även går att certifiera med en ekonomisk vinning indikerar att certifierandet av kommersiella lokaler enbart kommer öka. / The objective behind this thesis is to clarify why real estate companies choose to environmentally certify their commercial buildings, how they feel about the investment cost of a certification and if they are experiencing any flaws with the certification systems. The report is delimited to the systems GreenBuilding, LEED, BREEAM as well as the Swedish system Miljöbyggnad; the future of these systems is also studied and discussed. The method used to carry out this objective is semi-structured expert interviews. Key persons in sustainability work at eight of the larger real estate companies in the Stockholm area has been interviewed. The answers from these interviews has then been analyzed and compared with previous research in the field, from this analysis conclusions have been made.  The results from the report shows that there are a lot of reasons for a real estate owner to environmentally certify their commercial buildings. Certified buildings are in demand from tenants, the certifications entail a quality reassurance for the buildings as well as provides a good instrument for environmental work both for projects and for asset management. In addition to this it is revealed that there are economic incentives to certify. It results in lower operating costs and advantageous financing; both in terms of access to more capital and more profitable loan conditions. Companies that emit bonds earmarked for green projects (green bonds), can also see differences in price on these compared to regular bonds.  Despite this, the real estate companies in Stockholm are experiencing some issues with the certification systems. To certify a building is demanding in resources; both time and money. The general population seem to have little understanding of the certification systems and what they entail. An implementation of complete system support for the certification process is requested and we believe that there is room for improvement when it comes to marketing the certification systems. In conclusion, the future of the environmental certification systems seems bright. In the Stockholm area, the real estate companies consider certifications on newly produced commercial buildings almost a requirement. The incentives to certify seems to be greater than the issues that has been brought up; and the fact that an economic profit can now be made by certifying indicates that the number of certifications carried out should increase.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T17:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A produção de empreendimentos habitacionais no Brasil tem como desafios atender as expectativas que correspondam às realidades socioeconômicas, de déficit e de demanda. Além disto, é necessário produzir em grande quantidade, em menor tempo e pelo menor preço. Essa produção em larga escala e sem parâmetros mínimos de desempenho resultou, durante anos, na construção de moradias precárias com qualidade bastante inferior às necessidades dos usuários. Diante deste histórico de baixa qualidade das habitações surge a necessidade de estabelecer o desempenho mínimo para a construção das novas moradias proposta pela norma ABNT NBR 15575:2013 – Edificações habitacionais – Desempenho. Outro desafio para os países em desenvolvimento está em atender aos conceitos de sustentabilidade por meio dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. Com a norma em vigor e sua obrigatoriedade de aplicação, torna-se imprescindível que os conceitos de desempenho sejam contemplados pelos sistemas de certificação, uma vez que estão orientados a uma avaliação ambiental e prescritiva. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o quanto os sistemas nacionais de certificação ambiental para edifícios habitacionais já estão atendendo aos critérios estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de desempenho. O método de pesquisa adotado foi uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho descritivo e exploratório, em que foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os critérios estabelecidos pelo AQUA, Selo Casa Azul e RTQ-R e os critérios de desempenho exigidos pela norma NBR 15575:2013. Os sistemas de certificação brasileiros sofreram adaptações e influências das metodologias internacionais, orientadas a uma avaliação ambiental. No entanto, os sistemas de certificação analisados já estão atendendo a algumas exigências da norma brasileira de desempenho. Neste caso, construtoras e escritórios de projetos que já atendem a alguma destas metodologias terão menos dificuldades para aplicação da norma, uma vez que algumas exigências já foram contempladas. A norma NBR 15575 visa assegurar a qualidade das habitações durante seu ciclo de vida, cujas exigências já estão sendo incorporadas, ainda que aos poucos na forma de projetar e construir, a exemplo dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. / The production of housing projects in Brazil is to meet the challenges and expectations correspond to socioeconomic realities, of deficit and demand. Moreover, it is necessary produce in large quantities, in less time and at the lowest price. This large-scale production and no minimum parameters resulted, for years, in the construction of substandard housing with much lower quality to user needs. Given this historical low quality of housing it is the need to establish minimum performance for the construction of new housing through of the standard ABNT NBR 15575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance. Another challenge for developing countries is to cater to the concepts of sustainability through environmental certification systems. With the agreed standard and its mandatory application, it is essential that the concepts of performance are contemplated by certification systems, since they are oriented to an environmental assessment and prescriptive. This research aims to identify how national systems of environmental certification for residential buildings are already meeting the criteria established by the Brazilian standard of performance. The research method used was a literature review of descriptive and exploratory nature, where comparative analyzes of the criteria established by AQUA, Blue House Seal and RTQ-R and the performance criteria required by the standard NBR 15575:2013 were performed. Brazilian certification systems have been adapted and influenced of the international methodologies, oriented to an environmental assessment. However, certification systems analyzed are already catering to some criteria of the Brazilian standard of performance. In this case, construction companies and design offices that already meet any of these methods will have less difficulty in applying the rule, since some criteria were already attended. The standard NBR 15575 is intended to ensure the quality of housing during their life cycle, whose demands are already being incorporated, albeit slowly as design and build, the example of environmental certification systems.

Syfte: CEEQUAL är det enda miljöcertifieringssystemet för anläggningsbranschen som används i Sverige. Trots att systemet inte är utsatt för någon som helst konkurrens är efterfrågan av det väldigt liten. För att förstå hur arbetet med CEEQUAL utvecklats från då att en översättning av manualen gjordes till svenska 2014 var målet att genom en undersökning av entreprenadföretagens attityder, resurser och implementering av CEEQUAL bedöma klimatet för framtida CEEQUAL-projekt. Metod: Intervjuer gjordes med respondenter från fyra stora entreprenadföretag i Sverige, där två företag tidigare utfört CEEQUAL-certifierade projekt och två inte hade det. Samma frågor ställdes vid varje intervju men följdfrågor varierade beroende på respondenternas svar. Varje intervju spelades in, transkriberades och verifierades av respondenten. Intervjuerna kompletterades med litteraturstudie för att få en ännu mer omfattande bild av hur arbetet ser ut med CEEQUAL. Resultat: CEEQUAL är ett bra certifieringssystem som bidragit till olika former av utveckling inom alla representerade företag. LCA är ett bidrag som förmodligen kommer användas vid allt fler projekt. När det talas om CEEQUAL påpekas allt för ofta att CEEQUAL skulle behöva anpassas till de svenska förhållandena. En översättning gjordes men att anpassa CEEQUAL mer till svenska lagar och arbetssätt har inte kunnat göras. Detta på grund av CEEQUAL-organisationen som varit tydliga med vilka riktlinjer som ska följas vid certifieringen av CEEQUAL, något som måste respekteras om det är CEEQUAL som ska användas. Vidare anser entreprenörerna att högre miljökrav måste komma från beställarsidan. Parallellt måste en skärpt lagstiftning eller en miljöpolicy tas fram av staten för att vägleda beställare vid offentlig upphandling för att uppnå bättre miljöarbete. Konsekvenser: CEEQUAL är ett väl fungerande miljöcertifieringssystem och genom att sätta sig in i det kan man hitta delar som kan bidra till verksamheten. Det framgår att det inte görs mer än vad lagar kräver, därmed kan staten bidra genom att skärpa de lagar och regler som finns. Entreprenörerna vill utmanas och ser positivt på att det ställs högre krav på dem. Ökad kommunikation mellan aktörerna är en nyckelfaktor för att hållbarhetsarbetet ska fortsätta utvecklas. Begränsningar: Arbetet har endast inkluderat entreprenörer, då syftet har varit att spegla deras framtid med CEEQUAL. Även om det finns fler certifieringssystem för anläggning än CEEQUAL har de inte inkluderats då de inte används i Sverige. En enkätundersökning hade kunnat ge en större bredd till arbetet, men inte det djup som har krävts för att svara på frågeställningarna. Nyckelord: Attityder, CEEQUAL, entreprenadföretag, hållbar utveckling, implementering, miljöcertifieringssystem, resurser. / Purpose: CEEQUAL is the only environmental certification system adapted for civil engineering that is used in Sweden. Although the system meets no competition, the demand for it is low. In order to understand how working with CEEQUAL developed from the translation of the manual to Swedish in 2014, the aim was to assess the climate for future CEEQUAL projects by examining the entrepreneurship’s attitudes, resources and implementation of CEEQUAL. Method: Interviews were conducted with respondents from four major construction companies in Sweden, where two companies previously performed CEEQUAL certified projects and two did not. The same questions were asked at each interview but follow-up question varied depending on the respondents’ answers. Each interview was recorded, transcribed and verified by the respondent. The interviews were supplemented with literature studies to get an even more comprehensive picture of what working with CEEQUAL looks like. Findings: CEEQUAL is a good certification system that contributes to various forms of development within all represented companies. LCA is a contribution that will probably be used for more and more projects. When it comes to CEEQUAL, it is often pointed out that CEEQUAL would be adapted to Swedish conditions. A translation was made but adapting CEEQUAL more to Swedish laws and working methods has not been possible. This because the CEEQUAL organization has been clear about the guidelines to be followed in CEEQUAL certification, which must be respected if CEEQUAL is the system to be used. Furthermore, the contractors consider that higher environmental requirements must come from the clients. In parallel, a sharpened legislation or environmental policy must be developed by the state to guide procurers in public procurement in order to achieve better environmental work. Implications: CEEQUAL is a well-functioning environmental certification system and by signing into it, you can find parts that can contribute to the business. It is apparent that no action is taken than law requires, so the state can contribute by tightening the laws and regulations that exist. Entrepreneurs want to be challenged and look forward to higher demands being requested. Increased communication between actors is a key factor in ensuring that sustainability work continues to evolve. Limitations: This paper has only included entrepreneurs, as the purpose has been to reflect their future with CEEQUAL. Although there are more certification systems regarding civil engineering than CEEQUAL, they are not included as they are not used in Sweden. A survey could have provided a broader scope for the work, but not the depth required to answer the questions.