Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-11-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_lw_me_rcla.pdf: 9933256 bytes, checksum: 86107fe3240cde47ad6045c934445dd4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A pesquisa tem como tema central o reconhecimento de áreas modificadas pela atividade de mineração como uma unidade geológico-geotécnica no Município de Estiva Gerbi (SP). As últimas décadas têm sido marcadas por grandes mudanças tecnológicas, pelo aumento da população e o decorrente aumento das cidades, tendo como reflexo a conseqüente elevação do consumo dos recursos naturais. Este estudo caracterizou cavas e pilhas de botafora, geradas pela atividade extração de argila para a indústria cerâmica, como modificadoras das características geológico-geotécnicas naturais dos terrenos. Para atingir o objetivo deste estudo foi realizado um mapeamento do Município de Estiva Gerbi onde a área de estudo foi dividida em 6 unidades geológico-geotécnicas: Unidade I - solos areno-argilosos, em relevo de média vertente da Formação Aquidauana; Unidade II - solos argilosos, em situação de baixa vertente da Formação Aquidauana; Unidade III - solo coluvionar, em situação de meia encosta de cobertura cenozóica indiferenciada; Unidade IV - solo residual, de topo de colinas amplas de cobertura cenozóica indiferenciada; Unidade V - solo aluvionar, de planície de inundação, e Unidade VI - áreas modificadas, onde foram agrupadas as áreas oriundas da atividade de mineração, individualizadas como uma unidade geológico-geotécnica específica. A pesquisa comprovou que as cavas e pilhas de bota-fora e sua área de influência possuem características particulares em relação às outras unidades. Através de observações de campo conclui-se que as principais alterações ambientais desta unidade são: a mudança no perfil de solo, a declividade do terreno, alterações no nível de água subterrâneo, a formação de lagos, as condições de permeabilidade, a aceleração de processos erosivos e a disposição de lixo.... / The research main issue is the recognition of areas modified by mining activity as a geological-geotechnical unit in the Municipality of Estiva Gerbi (State of São Paulo). The last decades have been marked by great technological changes, population boost and the resulting enlargement of cities caused the elevation of natural resources consume. This study characterized furrows and putting out piles, generated by the activity of clay extraction to the ceramic industry as modifiers of geological-geotechnical natural aspects of the soil. To achieve the aim of this study, the Municipality of Estiva Gerbi was mapped and the study area was divided in 6 geological geotechnical units. Unit I sand-clay soils on a mid hogback relief of Aquidauana Formation; Unit II - clay soils, on a low hogback situation of Aquidauana Formation; Unit III - adjacent to river soil on a mid cliff of surface finish; Unit IV - residual soil, on the top of wide hills with Cenozoic undistinguished surface finish; Unit V - river soil, on flooding plains and Unit VI - modified areas, where the areas deriving from mining activity where grouped, individualized as a specific geological-geotechnical unit. The researched proved that furrows and putting out piles and its influence area has particular characteristics comparing to other units. Through field observations, it was concluded that the main environmental alterations of this unit are: the modification of the soil profile, the declivity of the terrain, subterranean water level alterations, the formation of lakes, the conditions of permeability, the acceleration of erosive processes and the disposal of refuse. According to specific literature about technogenical deposits, the putting out piles are classified as a built layer of spolic type.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoTGA.pdf: 3343340 bytes, checksum: b7d667a5f20a1f26a7371755e94dcc8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte / As a contemporary tendency, it is been evidenced that the environmental changes theme, already admitted as a concernment to international economical and political reality, is also gaining repercussion on industrial and business sector. Firms are implementing actions on trial to minimize their own greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions impacts. However, the great majority of those actions of Corporative Social-Environmental Responsibility (CSR) are referred only to direct emissions of the main production systems. Direct emissions are those derived of an isolate process, without considering the upstream and downstream processes emissions, which respond for the majority of emissions originated because of respective firm‟s production system existence. Because the greenhouse effect occurs globally and the GHG emissions contribute to the environmental changes independently of their origin, it must be taken into account the whole productive life cycle of products and systems, since the energy invested on resources extraction and necessary materials to the final disposal. To do so, it must be investigated all relevant steps of a product/production system life cycle, tracking all activities which emit greenhouse gases, directly or indirectly. This amount of emissions consists in the firm‟s Carbon Footprint. This research purpose is to defend the Carbon Footprint relevance and its adoption viability to be used as an Environmental Indicator on measurement/assessment of CSR. It has been realized a study case on Petrobras‟s seat unity at Natal-Brazil, assessing part of its Carbon Footprint. It has been used the software GEMIS 4.6 to do the emissions quantifying. The items measured were the direct emissions of the own unity vehicles and indirect emissions of offset paper (A4), energy and disposable plastic cups consumed. To 2009, these emissions were 3.811,94 tCO2eq. We may conclude that Carbon Footprint quantification is indispensable to the knowledge of real emissions caused by a productive process existence, must serving as basis to CSR decisions about the environmental changes reversion challenge / Contemporaneamente, se est? constatando que o tema das altera??es clim?ticas, j? integralizado como preocupa??o da realidade pol?tica e econ?mica internacional, vem tamb?m adquirindo abrang?ncia e repercuss?o nos setores industriais e empresariais. As empresas, em seu enquadramento no novo conceito de combate ? mudan?a do clima, t?m adotado algumas medidas na tentativa de minimizar os impactos das suas pr?prias emiss?es de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE). Contudo, a grande maioria das a??es de Responsabilidade Socioambiental Empresarial (RSE) quanto a essa tem?tica referem-se apenas ?s emiss?es diretas dos principais processos produtivos empresariais. As emiss?es diretas s?o aquelas derivadas de um processo isolado, sem considerar os processos upstream e downstream, os quais respondem pela a maior parte das emiss?es derivadas da exist?ncia de uma determinada empresa. Haja vista que o efeito estufa sobrev?m de forma global, e que as emiss?es de GEE contribuem para as mudan?as clim?ticas independentemente de sua origem, deve-se levar em considera??o todo o ciclo de vida produtivo de produtos e processos, desde a energia investida na extra??o da mat?ria-prima e insumos necess?rios at? o descarte final. Para se fazer isso, deve-se esquadrinhar todos os passos relevantes ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto/processo produtivo, rastreando todas as atividades que emitam direta ou indiretamente GEE. O somat?rio dessas consiste justamente na Pegada de Carbono da empresa. A finalidade desse estudo ? defender a relev?ncia da Pegada de Carbono e viabilidade de ado??o desta para ser usada como Indicador de Sustentabilidade na avalia??o/mensura??o da RSE. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso na unidade sede da Petrobras em Natal-RN, avaliando-se parte de sua Pegada de Carbono. Para a quantifica??o das emiss?es, foi utilizado o software GEMIS 4.6. Os itens medidos foram as emiss?es diretas dos ve?culos pr?prios da unidade e emiss?es indiretas do papel offset A4, energia el?trica e copos pl?sticos descart?veis consumidos. Para o exerc?cio de 2009, mensuramos a emiss?o de 3.811,94 tCO2eq. Conclu?mos que a aferi??o da Pegada de Carbono ? imprescind?vel para conhecimento das emiss?es reais causadas pela exist?ncia de um processo produtivo, devendo servir de base para a tomada de decis?es de RSE quanto ao desafio da revers?o das mudan?as clim?ticas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Eloisa Gadelha.pdf: 3280502 bytes, checksum: 639494812b097159fe14213795eb8a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The Presidente Figueiredo Maroaga Cave Protected Area is located in the township of Presidente Figueiredo. It is a State regulated protected area and allows limited use. It is known for its geomorpholocial aspects such as caves and waterfalls. Due to these characteristics, tourism is present, as well as agriculture, mainly the cultivation of the cupuaçu fruit (Theobroma grandiflora). The protected area was created over fifteen years ago and does not yet have a management plan. This study addresses tourism, agricultural activities and the geomorphological changes due to these activities, looking at the current situation comparing it with the law. Tourism was analyzed in three geographically close areas: The Maroaga Cave, The Santuário Waterfalls and the Porteira Rapids. Infrastructure and the intensity of public use were selected as indicators. Agricultural analysis was studied using natural, social and economic indicators in four communities: Marcos Feire, São Francisco de Assis, Boa Esperança and Jardim Floresta. Tourism was characterized as a predatory activity due to large changes in waste dispersal, grafitti on outcrops and removal of vegetation which provoke erosion. Agriculture in the communities is of low productivity, mainly from families that are already self-sufficient, environmental changes are linked to removal of the vegetation which is on the average 9,5% per area and to the use of fertilizers on leafy vegetable cultivation . / A Área de Proteção Ambiental Presidente Figueiredo Caverna do Maroaga, situada no município de Presidente Figueiredo, é uma unidade de conservação estadual de uso direto, reconhecida por seus singulares aspectos geomorfológicos, como sistemas espeleológicos e quedas d´água. Devido a estes atributos, a atividade turística se faz presente, além da agricultura, destacada pelo cultivo do cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflora). A área foi criada há mais de quinze anos e ainda não dispõe de um plano de manejo. O presente trabalho analisou a prática das atividades de turismo e de agricultura, as alterações nos aspectos geomorfológicos, decorrentes destas atividades, e a atual situação da área, comparando-a com a legislação vigente. Infra-estrutura e intensidade de uso público foram os indicadores selecionados para a análise do turismo nos atrativos naturais caverna Refúgio do Maroaga, Cachoeiras do Santuário e da Porteira. A análise da agricultura foi feita a partir de indicadores de natureza social, econômica e ambiental, nas comunidades Marcos Freire, São Francisco de Assis, Boa Esperança e Jardim Floresta. Nos atrativos naturais, o turismo caracteriza-se como predatório. As alterações significantes são dispersão de resíduos, inscrições em afloramentos rochosos e retirada da cobertura vegetal, o que provoca erosões e assoreamento. Nas comunidades foi verificada a prática de uma agricultura de baixa produtividade, predominando famílias hipossuficientes. As alterações ambientais estão interligadas à retirada da cobertura vegetal, com um índice médio de 9,5% por terreno; e à utilização de agrotóxicos, concentrada no cultivo de hortaliças.

En raison des changements climatiques actuels, il est primordial de comprendre comment les écosystèmes vont réagir et tout particulièrement comment les chaînes trophiques vont être impactées. Pour cela, le comportement des oiseaux marins peut être utilisé comme des indicateurs des changements se déroulant au sein de l’écosystème. Cependant, un des défis actuels dans l’étude du comportement animal est d’identifier comment la structure temporelle du comportement est dépendante des conditions intrinsèques et extrinsèques et comment la complexité de cette organisation comportementale évolue sur un gradient allant de la stochasticité au déterminisme en fonction des changements environnementaux. Ma thèse a donc pour objectif d’étudier si un comportement complexe est adapté pour faire face à une perturbation du système chez les oiseaux marins et plus particulièrement chez deux espèces de manchots étant exposées à des changements environnementaux. / Due to ongoing climate change, it is necessary to understand how ecosystems will react and more particularly, how species may cope with the challenges of living in unstable systems. Seabirds’ behavior provides a way to monitor changes occurring in the marine environment, but identifying how the temporal structure and complexity of behavior depend on intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are underexplored topics in the field of animal behavior. My thesis aims to investigate if behavioral organization, through a gradient of stochasticity-determinism complexity, allows little and adélie penguins to buffer changes in the environment under a fractal analysis approach.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-22T10:04:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioteixeiradepaulajunior.pdf: 1054244 bytes, checksum: 9a7fcd05eea6d0d7ff59020571cb06a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:49:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioteixeiradepaulajunior.pdf: 1054244 bytes, checksum: 9a7fcd05eea6d0d7ff59020571cb06a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioteixeiradepaulajunior.pdf: 1054244 bytes, checksum: 9a7fcd05eea6d0d7ff59020571cb06a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A fauna bromelícola propicia um alto potencial para o entendimento da ecologia de paisagens. Com a expansão das atividades agropecuárias, remanescentes florestais têm sido reduzidos a pequenas manchas de vegetação, tornando as espécies mais vulneráveis aos efeitos decorrentes dessa modificação da paisagem. O presente estudo visa caracterizar a estrutura das comunidades de invertebrados aquáticos em quatro morfoespécies de bromélias situadas entre 0 e 1,9m de altura em relação ao solo em um gradiente de distância da borda em direção ao interior de fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica que apresentam diferentes tamanhos, formas e distâncias entre si e estão localizados próximos a áreas de pastagens e florestas plantadas, em uma região da Serra da Mantiqueira (Brasil). Os grupos mais abundantes foram Ostracoda, Culicidae, Chironomidae e Scirtidae. Maior diversidade e riqueza foram encontradas nos fragmentos menos isolados, provavelmente pela maior facilidade de dispersão entre os indivíduos. A riqueza observada e a diversidade de invertebrados foram similares nas diferentes distâncias da borda, sugerindo ausência de influência do gradiente sobre a fauna de invertebrados bromelícolas nos fragmentos estudados. Com relação ao tipo de matriz, tanto a abundância como a riqueza observada foram similares em matriz de floresta plantada e pastagem. A composição de táxons também não variou em relação ao tipo de matriz. A diversidade, a riqueza e a composição faunística não tiveram relação com a altura da bromélia em relação ao solo, a morfoespécie e o volume de água coletado, também não houve diferença entre as bromélias do início das coletas e as do do final. Foi possível concluir que a estrutura e distribuição de invertebrados bromelícolas não foram influenciadas pelos efeitos do gradiente de distância nem pelo tipo de paisagem do entorno. / The bromeliad fauna provides a high potential to understanding the landscape ecology. With the expansion of agricultural activities, forest remnants have been reduced to small patches of vegetation, making the species more vulnerable to the effects of this landscape modification. This study aims to characterize the community structure of aquatic invertebrates in four morphospecies of bromeliads between 0 and 1.9 m height above the ground in a gradient from the edge to the interior of forest fragments of Atlantic Forest that have different sizes, shapes and distances apart and are located near areas of grassland and planted forests in a region of Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil). The most abundant groups were Ostracoda, Culicidae, Chironomidae and Scirtidae. Greater diversity and richness were found in less isolated, probably by the ease of dispersion among fragments. The richness and diversity of invertebrates observed were similar in different distances from the edge, suggesting the absence of influence of the gradient on the invertebrate bromeliad fauna in the studied fragments. Regarding the type of matrix, both the abundance and richness observed were similar in planted forest and pasture. Nor does the composition of taxa varied in relation to the type of matrix. The diversity, richness and faunal composition were not associated with the bromeliad height from the ground, the morphospecies and the water volume gathered, there was no difference between the bromeliads of the beginning of the research and of the end. It was concluded that the structure and distribution of the bromeliad invertebrates were not influenced by the effects of the gradient away or by the type of the surrounding landscape.

自工業革命後，隨著科技的進步，人口、經濟、醫療技術皆快速發展，也因人類需求的增加而大量燃燒化石燃料，大規模的砍伐熱帶雨林，導致大氣中二氧化碳大量增加，進而衍生溫室效應的發生，甚至造成全球氣候變遷。 在全球暖化的狀態下，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約與京都議定書中都明確肯定森林可固定主要溫室氣體二氧化碳，由於森林具備吸收和儲存二氧化碳的能力，其對於生態系統中的碳循環功能扮演重要的角色。若能有效監控森林資源，便能管理溫室氣體，且能提出有效的控管方式。 而本研究將應用遙測技術於碳吸存與環境變化的監測，透過美國大地衛星影像（Landsat）進行不同時期與區域之碳吸存的評估，與以往研究之最大差異為可進行大尺度與多時期的碳吸存評估，並且達到經濟、準確、有效提升效率之目標。 本研究根據光能利用率（Light use efficiency）為基礎模型，計算2005-2010之植生淨初級生產量（Net Primary Productivity, NPP），且配合不同的研究區域：台北、高雄，進一步探討不同的氣候條件與土地利用的條件下，其差異性對於NPP之影響。 成果顯示，在不同環境條件下碳吸存能力受到氣候條件影響最大，且在資料具有缺漏狀態下，依然能反映不同區域之趨勢，雖無法有效評估年總量，但仍可供評估區域性碳吸存能力之趨勢。 / Since the industrial revolution, with the rapid progress of science and technology, population, economy, and medical technology also grow rapidly. Because of increased human demand, coupled with burning lots of fossil fuels, and large-scale felling of tropical rain forests, which result in a significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and then trigger the greenhouse effect to occur, hence causing global climate change. Under the global warming condition, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol (KC) both clearly affirmed that forests can fix the main greenhouse gas—carbon dioxide. Because forests have the ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide, they plan an important role in carbon cycle function for ecosystem. If we can effectively monitor forest resources, we will be able to manage greenhouse gases, and can come up with effective control methods. In the present study, we will use remote sensing technology to monitor carbon sequestration and environmental changes. Using Landsat images, we assessed carbon sequestration of different time periods and areas. The biggest difference between this study and previous researches is that large-scale and multi-temporal carbon sequestration assessment can be done, and the goals of economic, accurate, and increasing efficiency can be achieved. In this study, the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of 2005-2010 was calculated based on the light use efficiency model. By comparing the results of different research areas—Taipei and Kaohsiung, the effects of different climatic conditions and land use conditions on NPP was investigated. The results show that, under different environmental conditions, the carbon sequestration capacity is affected the most by climatic conditions. Furthermore, in the absence of data, it still can reflect the trend of different regions. Although not being able to effectively assess the total amount of a year, it still can be used to assess the trend of regional carbon sequestration capacity.

Sur la base de constats globaux concernant l’importance d’appliquer des modes de gestion durable des zones forestières et le manque d’investigation concernant l’histoire passée des feux en Europe centrale, il a été entrepris de reconstruire l’histoire des événements de feux et de la dynamique forestière pour des sites d’étude en Allemagne. L’ensemble des données obtenues et analysées ont été utilisées pour l’évaluation du niveau de naturalité des sites étudiés, cette notion étant essentielle pour la mise en place d’une gestion durable, et/ou pour des projets de conservation et / ou de restauration des systèmes perturbés. Concernant les dynamiques des écosystèmes en Europe centrale, il a été souvent mis en évidence que l’homme joue un rôle essentiel depuis des millénaires. Par conséquent, l’approche historique des événements de feux et de la dynamique forestière à été réalisée sur de longues échelles temporelles. Neuf sites d’étude ont été sélectionnés incluant une large gamme de systèmes forestiers d’Europe centrale. Les sites d’études sont répartis dans deux zones générales d’étude : le nord de l’Allemagne (Schleswig-Holstein), qui comprend quatre sites d’étude, et le centre de l’Allemagne (le Harz), qui comprend cinq sites d’étude. Quatre disciplines ont été principalement utilisées. Pour définir l’état actuel des sites d’études ceux-ci ont été caractérisés, utilisant divers indicateurs dendrométriques concernant la structure et la composition des parcelles analysées. Pour obtenir des informations à propos de la dynamique forestière des peuplements forestiers en place des analyses dendroécologiques ont été utilisées. Pour analyser la dynamique forestière sur une longue échelle temporelle, à une échelle spatiale comparable, des analyses pédoanthracologiques ont été menées, combinées à des analyses de sols. De plus, des analyses anthracologiques de séquences de tourbes ont été réalisées, fournissant, combinées avec les données pedoanthracologiques, des enseignements à propos de l’histoire des incendies. L’état actuel et la dynamique forestière récente des sites étudiés indiquent divers niveaux de complexité des peuplements forestiers, correspondant souvent à divers niveaux postulés d’impact anthropique. Il a été obtenu huit chronologies moyennes, standardisées en haute et moyenne fréquences, âgées au maximum de 1744 et au minimum de 1923 ans. A partir de ces chronologies des changements dans les conditions de croissance de peuplements forestiers ont été mises en évidence. Basées sur un ensemble de 71 charbons de bois datés par radiocarbone, il a été mis en évidence, à l’échelle locale et globale, deux principales phases présentant plus d’événements de feux datés, une durant le Pléistocène supérieur/Holocène inférieur, une autre durant l’Holocène supérieur. Pour les deux phases identifiées des forçages climatique et anthropogénique ont été respectivement postulés comme déterminisme des occurrences de feux. Finalement, les différentes données collectées ont été utilisées de façon combinée pour reconstruire l’histoire des feux et des forêts des sites étudiés, afin de contribuer à l’évaluation de leur niveau de naturalité. / Considering two global observations in Central Europe of, firstly, the need for, and development of, sustainable and biological conservation practices for forest and/or woodland areas and, secondly, the lack of long-term fire history, an attempt has been made to reconstruct the fire and the forest history at several investigation sites in Germany. The overall data set gathered and analyzed has been used for on-site naturalness assessment. This latter notion is crucial for forest system conservation/restoration planning, considering the past human impact on forest dynamics. Also, in view of this past human impact on forest systems, which is well-documented for Central Europe, as occurring on a multi-millennium scale, an historical perspective perceptive that combined a long and short temporal scale of investigation was used.Nine investigation sites were selected, in order to include various and representative types of Central European forest. Therefore, the investigation sites were located in two main investigation areas. One is in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) and includes four investigation sites. The other is in Central Germany (Harz Mountains) and includes five investigation sites. Four main approaches were used. To assess the current state of the investigated site, forest stand characterization was undertaken (i.e. based on various forest attributes that concern stand structure and composition). Tree ring series were analyzed to provide insights about short-term forest tree population dynamics. Then, charcoal records from soil (combined with soil analysis) and peat sequences were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. These last two approaches also provide information about the past fire history. Forest current and short-term dynamics illustrated various levels of stand complexity, often corresponding to various levels of human impact that had been postulated. Eight mean site tree-ring chronologies, standardized in high and mid-frequency signal, spanning at a maximum of up to AD 1744 and at a minimum of up to AD 1923, were obtained. The insight, about the identification of events of growing changes and the correlated temporal and, if possible, spatial patterns, was discussed. Charcoal analysis provided a long-term insight about fire history. Based on 71 charcoal radiocarbon dates, it was shown on a macro-scale that there were two phases that had a greater frequency of fire - one during the transition from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene, and one during the mid- and late Holocene. A strong human control during the most recent fire phase has been postulated. This is supported by on-site soil and peat charcoal record analysis, allowing one to point out the event of environmental changes (disturbances), at local scales. In the end, the on-site data from the various indicators were combined to assess the fire and forest history and the naturalness level of the investigated sites, based on past insights, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the present and helping to anticipate the future.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 115196.pdf.jpg: 15844 bytes, checksum: e62e5570a720846063e54bf738e7f5b1 (MD5) 115196.pdf: 1663792 bytes, checksum: 150a904d9fc839ebe46bd316faa7dc16 (MD5) 115196.pdf.txt: 371781 bytes, checksum: cc00e98a78511c8c3809940ea060cf66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z / This research is conducted within the fields of national cultures and Brazilian organizational culture. The research’s purpose is to investigate the Brazilian style of management considering as its base the cultural traits which define it. More specifically, this study aims to understand and describe how the Brazilian style of management is nowadays characterized taking into account the recent changes in the global and national contexts. Its relevance rests on the fact that these recent changes may have impacted the way management is conducted. The approach employed to the investigation is a qualitative and empirical one. In this sense, 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Brazilian managers who had worked in foreign management cultures and foreign executives working in Brazil. Results were interpreted according to one specific technique of content analysis: the thematic categorical analysis. Three main results were obtained: (i) the traits which compose the current Brazilian style of management can be organized in the following groups: interpersonal relationships, relations to power, work organization and planning, and relations to the environment and inside some of the groups there are traits which stand out and others which have a less impacting presence (ii) the changes that impact the current style of management are related to the national institutional environment, to the internationalization of management and to the profile of the Brazilian manager (iii) the current style reveals itself to be in a process of transformation and consolidation and is formed as a synthesis between global integration and local adaptation which characterizes it as a ‘glocal’ one. / A presente pesquisa situa-se no campo das culturas nacionais e da cultura organizacional brasileira. Seu objetivo é investigar o estilo brasileiro de gestão utilizando como base os traços culturais que o definem. Mais especificamente, o estudo visa compreender e descrever como se caracteriza o estilo brasileiro de gestão atualmente face às mudanças recentes nos contextos mundial e nacional. Sua realização é relevante, pois as mudanças recentes no contexto internacional e as alterações no contexto interno impactam a forma como a gestão é feita no país. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e empírica foram realizadas 25 entrevistas semiestruturadas divididas entre executivos brasileiros que trabalharam em culturas estrangeiras de gestão e executivos estrangeiros que estavam trabalhando no Brasil. Para interpretação dos resultados foi utilizada uma das técnicas da análise de conteúdo: a análise categorial temática. Três foram os principais resultados encontrados no estudo: (i) os traços que compõem o estilo da gestão no país organizam-se nos grupos relações interpessoais, relação com o poder, organização e planejamento do trabalho e relação com o ambiente sendo que dentro de alguns grupos há traços mais marcantes e outros menos (ii) as mudanças que influenciam o estilo atual estão relacionadas ao ambiente institucional nacional, à internacionalização da gestão e ao perfil do gestor e (iii) o estilo atual estaria atualmente em processo de transformação e consolidação e constituiria uma síntese entre integração global e adaptação local caracterizando-se como ‘glocal’.

Mangroves are intertidal ecosystems found along the tropical and subtropical coastlines.<p>Though globally recognised as ecosystems of ecological, biological and economical<p>remarkable importance, these ecotone formations are characterised by a continuously<p>increasing anthropization. However, very little studies have been focused on the impact of<p>various anthropogenic activities on the mangrove vegetation structure.<p>We have firstly (a) assessed the commercial and subsistence utilization of mangrove<p>wood products in the Littoral region (Cameroon estuary). Then, we have confronted the<p>subsistence usages of mangrove wood products in the Southern region (close to the mouth of<p>the Nyong River and Mpalla village (Kribi)) in comparison with the Littoral region. By doing,<p>we have compared the local residents‟ perceptions on environmental changes that occurred<p>within the two regional mangrove forests. Also, we have (c) studied the structural dynamic of<p>mangrove vegetation neighbouring the Douala city (Cameroon). Always in the vicinity of this<p>town, we have (d) reconstructed the original structure of largely disturbed mangrove forests.<p>Moreover, we have (e) map the mangrove structure in a non peri-urban setting located within<p>the Cameroon estuary. Here, we have finally (f) analysed the spatial distribution of a black<p>mangrove namely Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn.<p>Our results underlined an excessive utilization of mangrove wood products in the<p>Cameroon estuary. We have showed that the frequency of mangrove harvesting was relatively<p>fewer in Kribi (Mpalla) and the mouth of the Nyong River. The local people inhabiting these<p>two localities perceived mangroves as less degraded areas. In contrast, those established<p>within the Cameroon estuary stated that mangroves were largely disturbed. When combining<p>the local people statements with our field observations, we recorded that it a complex mix of<p>causes (e.i. clear-felled corridors, agriculture, sand and gravel extraction, over-harvesting and<p>anarchic urbanization) that have led to the largely degradation (vegetation and sediment) of<p>the peri-urban mangroves in Cameroon. A diachronic analysis (1974, 2003, 2009) of their<p>coverage revealed that over the 35-year period, mangrove had decreases in cover of 53.16%<p>around Douala. We have also showed that in the peri-urban settings, wood harvesting was<p>commonly applied on the structurally more complex (highly dense stands neighbouring the<p>habitations) mangrove forests (Mboussa Essengue) and, in a lesser extent, on the structurally<p>more developed mangrove stands (fewer dense stands faraway from Douala). On the other<p>hand, the mapping analysis of the non peri-urban mangroves (distant from Douala) has<p>revealed that the structure of these intertidal forests was relatively less impacted. In the<p>Cameroon estuary, we also showed that A. germinans trees were randomly distributed on<p>almost one-half of the sampling plots and clumped at some scales on the remaining plots.<p>Accordingly, this species might play a significant role in the recovery process of artificial<p>gaps found in the non peri-urban areas.<p>The multi-disciplinary approach employed in this study has allowed a better<p>understanding of the direct and indirect impacts of anthropogenic activities on the mangrove<p>vegetation structure in Cameroon. These results constitute a fundamental data base quite<p>useful for the multi-temporal monitoring of these littoral ecosystems perpetually disturbed.<p>The application of similar approach in other mangroves facing high anthropogenic pressures<p>appears important. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Global climate change has severe consequences at various trophic levels, especially tree plant species. In regions of Tropical Dry Forests (TDF) these impacts are extreme and still little studied. This work evaluated how environmental conditions (local, regional and global), imminent climate changes, influenced the dendroecology, wood anatomy and foliar ecophysiology of four tree species occurring in the TDF of two sites, Sergipe, Grota do Angico Natural Monument, and in a remnant of TDF in Fazenda São Pedro, municipality of Porto da Folha, Sergipe. Samples of wood and leaves of six individuals of each species, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Ziziphus joazeiro, Tabebuia aurea and Libidibia ferrea were randomly collected. For each individual, three wood samples were collected, two for dendroecology and one for the anatomy of the wood. Leaves, of the same plants were collected at both sites, in the dry and rainy periods, and intended for the ecophysiological analyzes. Collection data on species distribution (SpeciesLink project) were used in the construction of ecological niche models (ENM). Historical climate datas were obtained from INMET, AGRITEMPO, state data, the WolrdClim project, and the NOAA. The results of the dendroecological analyzes showed the formation of annual growth rings in the four species, that the chronologies of all the taxa have a significant relation with rainfall events in both sites, and some taxa had the chronologies related to the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean (TSA) and ENSO events, indicating a decrease in plant growth accompanied by lower rainfall volumes in the last decade. The ENM showed different responses of the species niche to the environmental variables (precipitation and temperature) in the TDF, with significant correlations with the anatomical and physiological data, and showed the occurrence of distinct functional groups among the taxa, changing as a function of the changes in the climate. The present study confirmed that the four TDF species have dendroecological potential for climate response, and that ENM's in line with functional (anatomical and physiological) traits analysis may be a viable solution to evaluate the responses of these taxa To xeric environments, in addition to serving as diagnoses of future global climate change, given its high correlation with the functional modifications of the species evaluated here. / As mudanças climáticas globais geram consequências severas em diversos níveis tróficos, em especial às espécies vegetais arbóreas. Em regiões de Florestas Tropicais Secas (FTS) estes impactos são extremos e ainda pouco estudados. Este trabalho avaliou como as condições ambientais (locais, regionais e globais), iminentes as mudanças do clima, influenciaram na dendroecologia, anatomia da madeira e ecofisiologia foliar de quatro espécies arbóreas ocorrentes na FTS de dois locais em Sergipe, no Monumento Natural Grota do Angico, e em um remanescente de FTS na Fazenda São Pedro, município de Porto da Folha, Sergipe. Foram coletadas aleatoriamente amostras de madeiras e folhas de seis indivíduos de cada espécie, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Ziziphus joazeiro, Tabebuia aurea e Libidibia ferrea. Para cada indivíduo foram coletadas três amostras de madeira, duas destinadas a dendroecologia e uma a anatomia da madeira. Folhas, das mesmas plantas foram coletadas nos dois locais, nos períodos seco e chuvoso, e destinadas às análises ecofisiológicas. Dados de coleções sobre a distribuição das espécies (projeto SpeciesLink) foram utilizados na construção de modelos de nicho ecológico (MNE). Dados climáticos históricos foram obtidos das plataformas do INMET, AGRITEMPO, estações estaduais, do projeto WolrdClim, e do NOAA. Os resultados das análises dendroecológicas mostraram formação de anéis de crescimento anuais nas quatro espécies, que as cronologias de todos os táxons possuem relação significativa com eventos de chuva em ambos os locais, e alguns táxons tiveram as cronologias relacionadas com a temperatura da superfície do Oceano Atlântico (TSA) e eventos de ENOS, indicando diminuição no crescimento das plantas acompanhando menores volumes de chuvas na última década. O MNE mostrou diferentes respostas do nicho das espécies às variáveis ambientais (precipitação e temperatura) nas FTS, com correlações significativas com os dados anatômicos e fisiológicos, e mostraram a ocorrência de grupos funcionais distintos entre os táxons, se alteram em função das mudanças no clima. O presente estudo confirmou que, as quatro espécies no FTS possuem potencial dendroecológico de resposta ao clima, bem como que MNE’s em consonância com a análise de traços funcionais (anatômicos e fisiológicos) podem ser uma solução viável para avaliação das respostas destes táxons a ambientes xéricos, além de servir como diagnósticos das mudanças climáticas globais futuras, vista sua alta correlação com as modificações funcionais das espécies aqui avaliadas.