Lima's primacy in the economy and socio-political sphere of Peru has made it an unstopable magnet that attracts migrants from the country's interior. The formal housing market has been unable to meet this ever-increasing demand, thus leaving the newcomers to settle in the peripheries through the illegal invasion of low-value public land on risk prone areas of the cityÕs edge. This places them outside of institutional structures, zoning laws and land tenure. Their location far away from the formal center lacks proper services and transportation, yielding socioeconomic impediments, such as fewer work opportunities and social isolation. Instead of adopting the common tabula rasa approach to dealing with informality, Lima has embraced this inherent process by incrementally urbanizing these areas, providing them with basic infrastructure, assuming that after surviving the critical initial phase, these settlements will go through different stages of consolidation into the formal city. However, available land, in the distant nooks and crannies of Lima's three cones of expansion, has started to run out, leaving newcomers to settle around older more consolidated informal neighborhoods in harsher topographical inclines that are much more prone to landslides and damage from earthquakes. This precarious location greatly complicates sustainable connections with the formal urban infrastructure. Continuing Lima's acceptance of informality, a new hybrid housing model can emerge that views self construction not as a threat to urban space, but as a way to customize it. The combination of a planned formal framework with informal, self-built adaptation can help guide a favorable urban environment that avoids the overcrowding and unhealthy conditions of most informal settlements, while facilitating a more rapid and cost-effective self-construction process, through targeted and efficient infrastructure, located within existing public clearings, the civic space of the ubiqiuitous concrete soccer pitch. The role of the architect is then to assist a self-improvement process with professional logistical support, empowering low-income dwellers to take control of their own economic and social mobility. / 0 / GR / archives@tulane.edu

No description available.

This research investigated the effects of Scientifically Estimated Environmental Risks (SEERs) and perceived risks of floods, hurricanes, and hazardous material releases, and hazard mitigation measures with other locational and neighborhood amenities on housing prices. This study also tested the relationship between demographic characteristics and SEERs as well as demographic characteristics and environmental risk perceptions. The relationships among these different types of variables were examined by means of statistical analyses such as correlational analyses, ANOVA, MANOVA, and hedonic price regression analyses. Major findings of this research are as follows: There were no statistically significant relationships between most of the demographic characteristics (age, sex, household size, marital status, tenure at the present home) and SEERs of the two natural hazards (a flood and a hurricane). By contrast, SEER of hazardous materials was correlated with all demographic characteristics. There were little differences in risk perceptions of natural and technological hazards across demographic groups. Specifically, the respondents' risk perceptions of both natural and technological hazards did not differ by age, household size, and marital status. By contrast, educational level, gender (male = 1), and median household income were negatively related to perceived risk of the natural hazards, whereas educational attainment and gender were negatively related to perceived risk of hazardous material releases. SEERs of floods and hurricanes were positively related to respondents' perception of property damage, but not related to injury or heath problems from those natural hazards. SEER of hazardous materials was related to all three categories of risk perception of a hazardous material release. Neither the SEERs of natural hazards nor risk perceptions of these hazards had impacts on housing prices. However, the SEER of hazardous material releases and risk perceptions of this hazard were significant housing price determinants. None of the variables representing household hazard mitigation measures contributed to the explanation of housing prices.

Climate patterns over the past century served to amplify the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards, including flooding, wind and heat. While indicators like SoVi and BRIC begin to characterize how people and places fair against hazards, they can be limited in scope. Through the administration of household surveys, I investigate the usefulness of such indicators by examining the roles communication, infrastructure, institutional efforts, financial independence, knowledge, mobility and social capital play in producing resilience within the Estates of Fort Lauderdale Community in Dania Beach, FL. While results confirm BRIC’s Medium-High Resilience community classification, they push beyond Census data to pinpoint underlying resilience processes. Responses indicate community classification, they push beyond Census data to pinpoint underlying resilience processes. Responses indicate that place attachment and community connectedness encourage weather-related information sharing, limited experiences and skills impede weather preparedness and response actions, and weather preparedness and response experiences are associated with less evacuation than expected. Findings prove to be richer and more policy and program actionable. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This research examines historic preservation, sustainability, and environmental hazards in the face of climate change in reference to World Heritage Sites; particularly focusing on the question: Can UNESCO World Heritage Sites be conserved and protected in the face of climate change and environmental hazards? There are 1,121 World Heritage Sites listed by UNESCO and are categorized as cultural, natural, or a mix of both. The majority of these sites are at risk from different environmental hazards that could threaten their existence or long-term survival; however, policy initiatives can mitigate some of these impacts. It was discovered that every continental region, with the exception of Oceania, had a site considered to be the most vulnerable. There were 27 sites deemed most vulnerable, only 2.4% of the World Heritage Sites. Most of these sites were located along the Pacific Coasts of Asia, and both North and South America. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Karst topography is the result of a specific combination of geological conditions, precipitation, biota, and temperature, and is characterized by the gradual solution of the underlying bedrock and the development of underground drainage routes for surficial runoff. Many of these karst landscapes are found in urbanized areas, where the potential for anthropogenic impact is quite high. In many instances, municipalities on karst terrains choose to mitigate these impacts by implementing ordinances that place restrictions on permissible land uses near karst landforms. This dissertation asks the question: are the impacts of karst-related land use regulation on human / social systems significant enough to merit consideration during the regulation writing and implementation process? In the process of answering this question, it is hoped that a broader understanding will be developed of how land use regulations are used to control and regulate human activity on karst lands, particularly (but not exclusively) in the United States; and that the conclusions drawn from that overview might serve as the beginnings of a generally applicable framework for the development of karst regulation.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att ge en forskningsöversikt kring begreppet social sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer i allmänhet. Sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer har kartlagts och studerats vetenskapligt under en kortare period, medan social sårbarhet, som är en undergrupp till sårbarhetsfältet, har studerats förhållandevis lite. Genom att ta reda på vilka människor/grupper av människor som är mest utsatta för naturkatastrofer finns det en möjlighet för beslutsfattare att fatta välgrundade beslut om var förebyggande insatser bör göras, såväl som akuta insatser i händelse av en naturkatastrof. Tanken är att denna uppsats skall ligga till grund för en lokal studie 2009-2010 av social sårbarhet i en utvald kommun vid Vänerns strand. Vänern är som känt hotad av ökad översvämningsrisk i samband med klimatförändringar och vikten av att undersöka social sårbarhet där är stor. Det huvudsakliga resultatet är att social sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer är bristfälligt kartlagt i vetenskaplig litteratur. Den metodik som har utarbetats för att mäta och hantera social sårbarhet i olika samhällen är fortfarande på ett experimentellt stadium. Att mäta och analysera social sårbarhet i Sverige är möjligt, om än med tydliga begränsningar, men det är av största betydelse att hänsyn tas till de unika förhållanden som råder på den plats som skall studeras. De variabler som används i utländska studier för att mäta social sårbarhet är förmodligen annorlunda från vilka variabler som är lämpliga att använda i Sverige. De studier som undersökts i rapporten använder sig av variabler som är lätta att kvantifiera. Kvalitativa variabler skulle sannolikt vara mer intressanta att mäta i en studie om social sårbarhet i Sverige.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats är att ge en forskningsöversikt kring begreppet social sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer i allmänhet. Sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer har kartlagts och studerats vetenskapligt under en kortare period, medan social sårbarhet, som är en undergrupp till sårbarhetsfältet, har studerats förhållandevis lite. Genom att ta reda på vilka människor/grupper av människor som är mest utsatta för naturkatastrofer finns det en möjlighet för beslutsfattare att fatta välgrundade beslut om var förebyggande insatser bör göras, såväl som akuta insatser i händelse av en naturkatastrof. Tanken är att denna uppsats skall ligga till grund för en lokal studie 2009-2010 av social sårbarhet i en utvald kommun vid Vänerns strand. Vänern är som känt hotad av ökad översvämningsrisk i samband med klimatförändringar och vikten av att undersöka social sårbarhet där är stor. Det huvudsakliga resultatet är att social sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer är bristfälligt kartlagt i vetenskaplig litteratur. Den metodik som har utarbetats för att mäta och hantera social sårbarhet i olika samhällen är fortfarande på ett experimentellt stadium. Att mäta och analysera social sårbarhet i Sverige är möjligt, om än med tydliga begränsningar, men det är av största betydelse att hänsyn tas till de unika förhållanden som råder på den plats som skall studeras. De variabler som används i utländska studier för att mäta social sårbarhet är förmodligen annorlunda från vilka variabler som är lämpliga att använda i Sverige. De studier som undersökts i rapporten använder sig av variabler som är lätta att kvantifiera. Kvalitativa variabler skulle sannolikt vara mer intressanta att mäta i en studie om social sårbarhet i Sverige.

No description available.

Mozambique is a developing country specifically targeted by the impacts and consequencesthat are caused by climate change. This is due to the inconvenient geographical location interms of climate change but also due to their economical and infrastructural disadvantagewhich makes the countries populations more prone to suffer from the consequences in amanner that makes adapting and coping with the circumstances significantly difficult. At the same time Mozambique has high rates of gender inequality, which impacts women inthe country who live in poverty, in unfavourable forms in everyday life.These two topics are investigated throughout the thesis, from both a broader and closerperspective. The idea with this research is to come closer to cover the research gap that isconcerned with how women in Mozambique who are already targets of gender inequality inthe country suffer from the hard impacts of climate change and how the two issues may relateor influence each other. The research is performed as a qualitative study with the ecofeminist theoretical approach asa lens on the investigation, and the findings were obtained through the text-analysis method.The findings of the research present evidence on how climate change affects Mozambiqueand its society as well as the gender inequality circumstances women live in the samecountry. From empirical studies the findings chapter provides a perspective that helps betterexplain and understand how women's vulnerable position in society along with theirexpected responsibilities due to cultural norms sets them in a directly exposed climatechange-affected position. The research culminates with a response to the research gapsuggesting that the relation between climate change and gender inequality in Mozambiquehas an unbalanced impact on women, where the gender roles forced upon women in thecountry set a targeted situation for them by climate change resulting in a double-burdencircumstance for women.