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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

A General Evolutionary Methodology for Sustainable Development

Hwang, Sang Won 04 September 1998 (has links)
In order to determine the dynamic factors inducing the evolution of environmental management strategies in the context of sustainable development, I draw upon theory from the field of general evolutionary sciences (including chaos theory, complexity science, and nonlinear thermodynamics). I translate this emerging theoretical worldview to a general evolutionary methodology for the analysis of sustainable development strategies. Application of the methodology to selected case studies indicates that sustainable development strategies co-evolve in response to organizational values, technology, and organizational structure inside the firm, and to the environmental management field outside the firm. Competing notions of sustainable development influence the politicization process that limits the types of sustainable development strategies chosen and implemented. The evidence also indicates that new pathways of efficiency are emerging in sustainable development based on market driven strategies, institutional partnerships, and the formation of new industries. The dissertation is based on case study analysis of three sustainable development projects of three different environmental organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation, the Environmental Law Institute, and Sanders International. The results have implications for sustainable development theory and practical implications for policy analysts and sustainable development advocates, as well as for a subtler and deeper personal understanding of our place in the world. / Ph. D.
112

Ecosystem Management in the USDA Forest Service: A Discourse Analysis

Predmore, Stephen Andrew 30 April 2009 (has links)
This dissertation examines the environmental discourse of the USDA Forest Service, focusing on the language of ecosystem management (EM). A two pronged approach was employed: eleven interviews were conducted with agency executives (chapter two); thirty-three interviews were conducted with agency staff specialists and decision-makers, working at the agency's operational levels (chapter three and four). Differences between how agency executives view EM and how agency operators view EM were identified. Chapter two shows that agency executives generally believed that the process of EM is ingrained in the agency. Chapter three explores this assertion at the forest and district levels, and reveals conflicting stories concerning the current practice of EM. Agency operators explained EM as a process driven by ecological science, but also revealed an alternate planning process. The alternate planning process is driven by the agency's budget and strict employee roles. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with agency operators, a model of how agency operators construct agency planning was created. It illustrates the potential mismatch between planning focused on ecological science and an agency focused on budgets, cost-benefit calculations, and strict employee roles. The model also shows that agency operators described active and passive publics in their constructions of agency planning. Chapter four focuses on these constructs of the public, and shows how they are partly created by agency interpretations of the public involvement processes required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). In some cases, the agency applies a standard for public participation (substantive sieve) that requires publics to couch their concerns in scientific or legal terms. Publics that are able to navigate the substantive sieve are typically viewed as active publics, while those that cannot meet this standard are viewed as passive publics. A feedback mechanism was identified between constructs of the public and agency process; constructs of the public shape agency process and agency process shapes agency constructions of the public. The dissertation concludes by showing that agency focus on budgetary targets and the use of the substantive sieve can be understood as attempts to instill accountability into a decentralized agency with an ambiguous mission. / Ph. D.
113

Fish Consumption Advisories in Tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay: Improving the Communication of Risk to Washington, DC Anglers

Gibson, Joshua Charles 13 June 2005 (has links)
Fish consumption advisories are increasingly being issued by state and municipal governments with concerns about pollution in local waterways. These advisories are developed to inform the public about the potential dangers of consuming excessive amounts of locally caught fish. They are not enforceable limits, however, and are only guidelines and suggestions on what are considered safe meal sizes, safe meal frequencies, and species fit for consumption. As a result, few efforts are made to determine how well these advisories are being followed. In order to determine the efficacy of such urban advisories, anglers are interviewed in Washington, DC on the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers. Anglers are asked a number of questions pertaining to their fishing and consumption habits, advisory knowledge, and risk perceptions. The results suggest that several improvements can be made to better implement advisory efforts. Most importantly, minority anglers—particularly African-Americans—appear to be receiving the message in advisories, but are failing to comply with advisory recommendations. Cultural beliefs and influences, as well as information dissemination inadequacies, are cited as possible reasons for this failure. Lastly, strategies are presented that health and fisheries planners can use to better understand angler risk perception and better educate anglers about the risks of ignoring advisory recommendations. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning
114

Transforming Sustainability thru Adaptive Co-Management: A Critique of Louisiana’s Coastal Master Plan

Sand, Melanie G. 02 August 2012 (has links)
To achieve true sustainability, planners must balance the interests of environmental protection, economic development, and social equity. In a critically changing, complex ecosystem such as Louisiana’s coast, challenges to achieve the perfect equilibrium are further compounded. Following the logic of emerging adaptive co-management literature, the planning framework for Louisiana’s Coastal Master Plan could be transformed into a more collaborative, democratic process. Adaptive co-management is a regime which provides power to local citizens, often in possession of invaluable traditional ecological knowledge. In general, it focuses on constant learning and collaboration. Through power-sharing and participatory action, we embrace science, but step back from technocracy. We utilize local knowledge, and combine it with expertise.
115

Water Related Ecosystem Services in Brazilian savannas, in landscapes of natural vegetation and eucalyptus plantations / Serviços ecossistêmicos hí­dricos em paisagens savânicas sob gradiente de florestas naturais e plantios de eucalipto

Bispo, Giulia Baldaconi da Silva 25 June 2019 (has links)
The ecosystem services approach has increased throughout the years, becoming a powerful tool for environmental planning as well as guideline for resources management and decision-making. Changes in land use/cover are the main human-driven impact over natural ecosystems, which implies directly in ecosystem services provisioning capacity and the ability to sustain those benefits. Water resources are strongly related to human well-being and survival, as one of the most valuable benefits humans acquire from nature. In this regard, landscapes suffering from extreme or vast changes in land use/cover represent threats over water resources, as is the case for Brazilian Cerrado savannas. The prediction of impacts of land cover exchanges over water-related ecosystem services may become one way to avoid its loss, diminishing uncertainties in decision making of land uses. In this sense, our work aimed the measurement and recognition of thresholds that indicates changes in the availability of seven essential water-related ecosystem services, within Cerrado landscapes of São Paulo State, that are facing the conversion of native forests into eucalyptus plantations. We analyzed water resources at 11 low order catchments which comprised a gradient of forested savanna and eucalyptus plantations. Stream water quality data were obtained for 13 physical-chemical-biological parameters, previously known as indicators for seven water-related ecosystem services. Results highlight the importance of monitoring Turbidity, pH, electric conductivity as indicators of services provision. Best potential gains of the seven services occurred above 45% of natural forest coverage. Landscapes with less than 20% of forest tend to become too unsustainable / A abordagem dos serviços ecossistêmicos aumentou ao longo dos anos, tornando-se uma ferramenta poderosa para o planejamento ambiental, guiando a tomada de decisão sobre o manejo de recursos naturais. Mudanças no uso/cobertura da terra são os principais impactos sobre os ecossistemas naturais, o que implica diretamente na provisão de serviços, e na capacidade do ambiente de sustentar esses benefícios. A água fornece diversos serviços ecossistêmicos hídricos, vitais para a sobrevivência humana. Então, neste contexto, paisagens submetidas a vastas mudanças de uso e cobertura representam uma séria ameaça aos serviços hídricos, como é o caso das áreas em domínio de Cerrado brasileiro. Prever e valorar as conseqüências da conversão de áreas naturais para usos da terra sobre os serviços hídricos pode se tornar uma forma de evitar sua perda e diminuir as incertezas nos processos de tomada de decisão territorial. Com esse propósito, objetivamos mensurar e definir limiares em relação às mudanças na disponibilidade de sete serviços essenciais de água em paisagens savânicas do Estado de São Paulo que sofreram conversão de florestas nativas para reflorestamentos. Analisamos recursos hídricos de onze bacias hidrográficas de pequena ordem, que compreendem composições de sistemas florestados em contato com florestas plantadas de eucalipto. As amostras de água foram avaliadas por meio de treze parâmetros físico-químico-biológicos, presumidos como indicadores de sete serviços hídricos. Os resultados ressaltaram a importância de Turbidez, pH e condutividade elétrica como elementos indicadores da provisão dos serviços. Os melhores ganhos potenciais na provisão ocorreram a partir de 45% de cobertura florestal. Paisagens com menos do que 20% de florestas naturais tendem a tornarem-se menos sustentáveis para a provisão de todos os serviços somados
116

Viabilidade ambiental de traçados rodoviários: o caso do trecho sul do Rodoanel Mário Covas, São Paulo / Environmental viability of road designs: the case of south section of Rodoanel Mário Covas, São Paulo

Ferreira, Vinícius Gregolin 14 May 2012 (has links)
A definição da localização de um empreendimento é uma das principais decisões que determinará a magnitude e a importância de grande parte dos impactos ambientais negativos resultantes de sua instalação e operação. Porém, é visto que a dimensão ambiental normalmente não está presente nas análises de localização do projeto que ocorrem previamente ao licenciamento ambiental, levando-se em consideração apenas as dimensões técnicas e econômicas. Um dos motivos atribuídos a esta ausência é que normalmente não existem ou não estão disponíveis informações ambientais de natureza secundária que revelem restrições territoriais para a localização do empreendimento previamente ao processo de licenciamento ambiental, sendo normalmente produzidas posteriormente durante a elaboração do estudo ambiental dentro do processo de avaliação de impacto ambiental. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as possibilidades para o estabelecimento de uma base referencial de informações sobre potencialidades e restrições ambientais e territoriais como suporte ao estudo de alternativas de traçados rodoviários, previamente ao início do processo formal de avaliação de impacto ambiental e de licenciamento ambiental do projeto. Para isso, foram identificados quais são os principais fatores territoriais necessários à análise prévia de viabilidade ambiental de traçados rodoviários, utilizando-se como estudo de caso do trecho sul do Rodoanel Mário Covas, na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Foram aplicadas técnicas de geoprocessamento para trabalhar os dados encontrados e assim, foram produzidas três diretrizes de traçado a partir das restrições ambientais, as quais foram discutidas junto da potencialidade do território, identificando alterações que podiam ter sido feitas no traçado construído da rodovia. As discussões mostram que, ainda que existam certos limites (como a padronização dos dados trabalhados e a escala trabalhada), é possível compatibilizar potencialidades e restrições territoriais ambientais na concepção de alternativas de localização, previamente ao processo de licenciamento ambiental, para o caso de empreendimentos rodoviários. / Defining the location of an enterprise is one of the key decisions that determine the importance of the negative environmental impacts resulting from its installation and operation. But, the environmental dimension is not normally present in the analysis of location of the project that occur before the environmental licensing, considering only the technical and economic aspects. One reason for this is the fact that the environmental information of a secondary nature, which reveals territorial restrictions to the location of the project, is not available or are not systematized and available for this preliminary analysis, and it is usually produced later during the preparation of the environmental statement within the process of environmental impact assessment. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the possibilities for setting a reference base of information on environmental and territorial potential and restrictions, as a support for the study of alternative road designs, prior to the environmental impact assessment and environmental licensing of the project. For this, the main territorial factors, necessary for investigating the environmental analysis of road layouts viability were identified, using as a case study of the southern section of the Rodoanel Mario Covas in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo. Geoprocessing techniques were applied to work the found data, and then, three road designs guidelines were produced from the environmental restrictions, which were discussed with the territorial potential, identifying changes that could have been made in the constructed road layout. The discussions show that, although that are limits (as standardization of the discussed data and the worked scale), is possible to reconcile the territorial environmental potential and restrictions in the concept of road designs, prior to the licensing process for the case of road projects.
117

"Técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas na análise do uso da terra no município de Pilar do Sul - SP" / Geoprocessing techniques applied in Land Use analysis of municipal district of Pilar do Sul - SP

Rosa, Eduardo Reis 27 September 2006 (has links)
O trabalho tem como principal objetivo a elaboração de uma proposta de Zoneamento Agroecológico do Município de Pilar do Sul, São Paulo. O Zoneamento é definido a partir do cruzamento de informações do meio físico do uso e ocupação da terra e de legislação, com a utilização dos recursos de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas. A delimitação de unidades ambientais visa dar apoio ao planejamento e à adoção de práticas de manejo e de conservação do solo de acordo com a aptidão agrícola e com as limitações naturais. Finalmente, ressalta a importância do ordenamento territorial como meio de proteção dos recursos hídricos, de manutenção das áreas de preservação permanente e das Matas e como garantia de aumento do potencial produtivo das áreas agrícolas, resultando em melhoria do ambiente e em melhor qualidade de vida dos habitantes do Município. / The main purpose of the work is to elaborate an Agroecologic Zoning proposition for Pilar do Sul, a municipal district in the state of São Paulo. The Zoning is defined by the crossing of information about the physical environment, the usage and occupancy of land and legislation, making use of Geographic Information System resources. The environmental units delimitation aims to give support for the planning and the adoption of handling and soil conservation practices, according to agricultural aptness and natural limitations. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of territorial arrangement as a way of preserving water resources, maintaining permanent preservation areas and forests, and as a guarantee for the increasing of the productive potencial in agricultural regions. Once established, these items are responsible for the environmental improvement and better quality of life for the inhabitants of the district.
118

Um sistema de planejamento e gestão para bacias hidrográficas com uso de análise multicritérios / A system for planning and management of watersheds with the use of multicriteria evaluation

Antonello, Sergio Luís 22 October 2008 (has links)
O crescente desenvolvimento mundial, principalmente dos países emergentes, tem exercido enorme pressão sobre o meio ambiente. Diversas regiões começam a indicar perda da sustentabilidade. O uso responsável dos recursos naturais envolve uma equação que considera o desenvolvimento sustentável. Este campo do conhecimento é muito amplo e envolve um grande número de variáveis, que requerem o uso de conhecimento, hardware/software e de metodologia específica. SIGs - Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e análise de múltiplos critérios são ferramentas úteis em processos de tomada de decisão envolvendo dados ambientais espacializados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema de informação analítico, denominado FGest, para ser usado no planejamento ambiental de bacias hidrográficas, durante a fase de avaliação, em processos de tomada de decisão. O ambiente e linguagem de programação para o desenvolvimento do FGest e das interfaces de comunicação com os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas foi o Microsoft C#. Para o processo de comunicação entre os softwares envolvidos foi adotado o uso de mapas matriciais no formato ASCII. Dentre os algoritmos do FGest destaca-se o de otimização do processo de ranqueamento de critérios segundo a influência dos mesmos no processo decisório. Fase importante do desenvolvimento de um software é a validação do mesmo através da análise e comparação de seus resultados. Para a validação do FGest, utilizando avaliação multicritérios, foram gerados mapas de áreas prioritárias à restauração florestal na bacia hidrográfica do rio Corumbataí, SP, visando à conservação de recursos hídricos. Os fatores empregados, na forma de mapas matriciais, foram a adequação do uso da terra, a erodibilidade do solo, a erosividade da chuva e as proximidades à malha viária e à rede hidrográfica, todos padronizados em uma escala única e contínua de 256 valores. Os pesos dos fatores foram determinados com auxílio de uma matriz de comparação pareada. Com ótimos tempos de resposta, foram gerados três mapas de áreas prioritárias, com valores no espaço de 256 níveis e depois reclassificados de maneira a apresentar cinco graus de prioridade (muito alta, alta, média, baixa e muito baixa), correspondentes às aplicações dos métodos da Combinação Linear Ponderada e da Média Ponderada Ordenada para os cenários riscos médio/baixo e médio/alto. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que o FGest pode ser utilizado como suporte ao planejamento e gestão de bacias hidrográficas, já que o mesmo desempenhou com sucesso o papel de ferramenta computacional para avaliação multicritérios e que sua interface de comunicação com os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas ArcGIS e Spring funcionou adequadamente para importação de mapas fatores e restrições e para exportação de mapas gerados nas avaliações multicritérios. / The increasing worldwide development, mainly due to the developing countries, makes a significant pressure on the environment. Several regions are now showing a loss of sustainability. The responsible use of the natural resources involves an equation which considers the sustainable development. This field of knowledge is very wide and involves a great number of variables, which require expertise, hardware/software and specific methodology. GIS Geographic Information System and multicriteria evaluation are useful tools in the decision support processes, involving spatial environmental data. The objective of this study was the development of an analytical information system named FGest, to be used on the environmental planning of watersheds, during the phase of evaluation, in the decision-making process. The Microsoft C# was used as the environment and the programming language for the development of the FGest and of the communication interfaces with the Geographic Information Systems. For the process of communication between FGest and Geographic Information Systems, the use of raster maps in ASCII format was implemented. Amongst the algorithms of the FGest is the algorithm for ranking of criteria, in accordance with the influence of the same ones in the decision process. An important phase of the software development is its test and validation through the analysis and comparison of its results. For the validation of the FGest, using multicriteria evaluation, maps of priority areas for forest restoration, in the Corumbataí river basin, State of São Paulo, aiming at the conservation of water resources were generated, . The variables used, in the format of raster maps, were the land-use adequacy, soil erodibility, erosivity, proximity to roads and proximity to the drainage network, where each factor was standardized in a 256-value continuous scale. The factors weights were determined with help of a pairwise comparison matrix. Three maps of priority areas were generated, with levels of priority represented on a continuous way, from 0 to 255, and later reclassified to show five levels of priority (very high, high, medium, low and very low). Those maps are the result of the application of the methods of the Weighted Linear Combination and the Ordered Weighted Average for the scenarios of medium/low and medium/high risks. From the obtained results it was possible to conclude that the FGest can be used as a support for planning and management of river basins, since the system successfully carried out the role of computational tool for multicriteria evaluation and its communication interface with the Geographic Information Systems ArcGIS and Spring had an adequate performance to import factors and restrictions maps and to export maps generated in the multicriteria evaluations.
119

O planejamento ambiental à luz da ecologia da paisagem: estudo aplicado da zona de amortecimento do Parque da Cantareira / Environmental planning in the light of landscape ecology: an applied study of the buffer zone of the Cantareira Park

Sandre, Adriana Afonso 25 May 2017 (has links)
A dissertação discute o tema do planejamento ambiental a partir do referencial da Ecologia da Paisagem e da Infraestrutura Verde. Para tanto, admite que os impactos da urbanização devem ser compatibilizados a um planejamento que considera os espaços livres a partir de sua multifuncionalidade - abarcando as questões de infraestrutura urbana, sociais, econômicas e ambientais. Diante deste contexto, a pesquisa sustenta que é preciso ter uma abordagem sistêmica, abrangente e transdisciplinar capaz de produzir uma análise diferencial entre conservar a biodiversidade, fornecer serviços ecossistêmicos e prover locais para habitação urbana. A pesquisa tem como objetivo relacionar os conteúdos dos campos disciplinares da Ecologia e Arquitetura da Paisagem no planejamento ambiental de um território não idealizado, visando a caracterização e conformação de uma rede de espaços livres urbanos. Para tanto, aplicam-se esses conceitos a uma investigação sobre como o planejamento ambiental pode contribuir à gestão da Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual da Cantareira. As análises multivariadas contemplam a inserção social e ambiental do Parque, em específico, as áreas de conflito entre a ocupação urbana e a proteção jurídico administrativa dos recursos naturais. Verificou-se que a área apresenta alta diversidade de formas de relevo, muitas nascentes de rios, expressivas áreas ainda cobertas por vegetação em diversos estágios de sucessão, diferentes usos do solo e aspectos culturais e de lazer diversificados. O entorno do Parque é marcado por uma grande complexidade territorial que contribui para seu isolamento e fragmentação, sua face sul é circundada por áreas densamente ocupadas, pedreiras e aterros sanitários, enquanto a norte, por chácaras e zonas agrícolas. Após a contextualização, foram propostas diretrizes de planejamento ambiental para a rede de espaços livres, por meio de dispositivos de infraestrutura verde. / The dissertation discusses the issue of environmental planning from the perspective of Landscape Ecology and Green Infrastructure. The research admits that the assessments of the impacts of urbanization must be considered within the landscape planning, that accounts the multifunctionality of open spaces - deals with urban, social, economic and environmental infrastructure issues from the debate about green infrastructure. Regarding this context, the research argues the importance of a systemic, comprehensive and transdisciplinary approach to produce a differential analysis between conserving biodiversity, providing ecosystem services and providing places for urban housing. The aim is to debate how to integrate the contents of the of Ecology and Landscape Architecture into the environmental planning through a study case about the characterization and conformation of a network of urban open spaces. These concepts are applied to an investigation about how environmental planning can contribute to the management of the buffer zone of Cantareira State Park. The multivariate analyzes of the case study contemplate the social and environmental integration of the Park, specifically, the areas of conflict between urban occupation and the legal administrative protection of natural resources. The study verified that the area presents a high diversity of forms of relief, many river springs, expressive areas that are still covered by vegetation in several stages of succession, different uses of the soil and diversified cultural and leisure aspects. The surroundings of the Park are marked by a great territorial complexity that contributes to its isolation and fragmentation, in addition the south part is surrounded by densely occupied areas, quarries and sanitary landfills, while in the north part by farms. Finally, the research proposes some environmental planning guidelines for the network of free spaces per green infrastructure devices.
120

Análise socioambiental do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape e Ilha Comprida (SP): subsídios para o planejamento ambiental da região / Socio-Environmental analysis of the Cananéia-Iguape and Ilha Comprida (SP) Complex: subsidies for an environmental planning in the region.

Beu, Sandra Eliza 23 April 2008 (has links)
Objetivando contribuir para futuros programas e projetos de planejamento ambiental na região de Cananéia-Iguape e Ilha Comprida, foram realizados no presente estudo levantamentos de dados dos meios social, econômico e ambiental, que visaram demonstrar o atual estado desta região, de forma que pudessem ser identificados os principais aspectos de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Para subsidiar a análise, foi aplicado o modelo conceitual DPSIR (Forças Motoras- Pressão- Estado- Impacto- Resposta), cujo resultado demonstrou que a região apesar de concentrar diversas Unidades de Conservação, apresenta sinais de interferência humana evidentes na qualidade da água do estuário, apresentando em determinadas localidades do estuário problemas de eutrofização. Além deste problema, foi identificado na área de estudo, a necessidade de maiores investimentos para o desenvolvimento socioecômico local. O uso do modelo DPSIR colaborou de forma adequada para apontar problemas além dos anteriormente citados, demonstrando dessa forma, como uma excelente ferramenta para apoio de futuros projetos de planejamento ambiental na região. / Aiming to contribute for future programs and environmental planning projects in the Cananéia-Iguape and Ilha Comprida region, was made in this paper a data-collection using social, economic and environmental factors that had demonstrated the current situation of the main aspects of the region and its social-environmental vulnerability. To subsidize the analysis a conceptual model DPSIR was applied (Drivers - Pressure - State _ Impact - Response), and its result demonstrated that the region although the concentration of diverse protected areas presents signals of interference human evidences in the water quality of the estuary, such as eutrophication processes. Beyond this problem, the necessity of investments for the local development was identified in the region. The use of the DPSIR model collaborated to point problems beyond previously cited, demonstrating it as an excellent tool to support future projects of environmental planning in the region.

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