Pagrindinis vykdomos ES sanglaudos politikos tikslas - skirtumų tarp senųjų ir naujųjų narių gyvenimo lygio mažinimas. Sparti ES šalių konvergencija lėmė ne tik naujųjų ES narių spartesnį ekonomikos augimą, bet ir spartų vartojimo didėjimą, kuris kelia didelę grėsmę aplinkos kokybei. Todėl Lietuvos nacionalinėje darnaus vystymosi strategijoje yra suformuluotas bendras strateginis uždavinys, kad augant ekonomikai, poveikis aplinkai turi augti bent perpus lėčiau nei gamyba ir vartojimas. Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti ES šalių socio-ekonominių ir aplinkosauginių rodiklių konvergencijos procesus, nustatyti Lietuvos socio-ekonominių veiksnių įtaką vartojimui ir įvertinti vartojimo pokyčių poveikį aplinkai bei gyventojų elgsenos palankumą aplinkai lemiančius veiksnius. Darbe kompleksiškai išanalizuoti ES šalių socio-ekonominių bei aplinkosauginių rodiklių konvergencijos procesai. Nustatyta, kad Lietuva pagal visus socio-ekonominius rodiklius artėjo ES senbuvių link, tačiau pagal rūgštinančių medžiagų emisijas net viršijo jų lygį. Spartus išlaidų augimas lėmė esminius vartojimo struktūros pokyčius, kai išlaidos prabangos prekėms augo itin sparčiai ir tai sumažino išaugusio vartojimo poveikį aplinkai. Tiesioginis vartojimo poveikis aplinkai augo žymiai lėčiau (išskyrus transporto taršą) nei vartojimas arba išvis neaugo. Žmonių elgsenos palankumą aplinkai lemia jų bendrųjų vertybių pripažinimas, pagrindinių aplinkos problemų svarbos vertinimas bei pasiryžimas prisiimti atsakomybę už... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The most important objective of the ES cohesion policy is the convergence of lifestyle of new and old EU member states. The fast convergences of the EU countries determine not only the fast economic growth in the new members, but also the fast boost in consumption, which endanger the environment. Therefore in Lithuanian national strategy for sustainable development is stated the goal, that in the case of economy growth, the environmental impact should grow at least twice slower than production and consumption The aim of the research - to analyze the convergence of socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU, to estimate impact of socio-economic factors’ to consumption and to assess environmental impact of consumption and the determinants of environmentally friendly behaviour. In the work were there complexly analyzed the convergence of the socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU countries. There was evaluated, that Lithuania was catching-up the old EU member states by all investigated socio-economic indicators, however according to emission of acidifying compounds it even exceeded the level of EU15. The fast increase of disposable income determined the changes in Lithuanian consumption structure, when the consumption expenditure for luxury goods grew very fast and it slowed down the growth in environmental impact of increasing consumption. The environmental impact of consumption (except transport) increased considerably slower than consumption or it... [to full text]

The most important objective of the ES cohesion policy is the convergence of lifestyle of new and old EU member states. The fast convergences of the EU countries determine not only the fast economic growth in the new members, but also the fast boost in consumption, which endanger the environment. Therefore in Lithuanian national strategy for sustainable development is stated the goal, that in the case of economy growth, the environmental impact should grow at least twice slower than production and consumption The aim of the research - to analyze the convergence of socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU, to estimate impact of socio-economic factors’ to consumption and to assess environmental impact of consumption and the determinants of environmentally friendly behaviour. In the work were there complexly analyzed the convergence of the socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU countries. There was evaluated, that Lithuania was catching-up the old EU member states by all investigated socio-economic indicators, however according to emission of acidifying compounds it even exceeded the level of EU15. The fast increase of disposable income determined the changes in Lithuanian consumption structure, when the consumption expenditure for luxury goods grew very fast and it slowed down the growth in environmental impact of increasing consumption. The environmental impact of consumption (except transport) increased considerably slower than consumption or it... [to full text] / Pagrindinis vykdomos ES sanglaudos politikos tikslas - skirtumų tarp senųjų ir naujųjų narių gyvenimo lygio mažinimas. Sparti ES šalių konvergencija lėmė ne tik naujųjų ES narių spartesnį ekonomikos augimą, bet ir spartų vartojimo didėjimą, kuris kelia didelę grėsmę aplinkos kokybei. Todėl Lietuvos nacionalinėje darnaus vystymosi strategijoje yra suformuluotas bendras strateginis uždavinys, kad augant ekonomikai, poveikis aplinkai turi augti bent perpus lėčiau nei gamyba ir vartojimas. Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti ES šalių socio-ekonominių ir aplinkosauginių rodiklių konvergencijos procesus, nustatyti Lietuvos socio-ekonominių veiksnių įtaką vartojimui ir įvertinti vartojimo pokyčių poveikį aplinkai bei gyventojų elgsenos palankumą aplinkai lemiančius veiksnius. Darbe kompleksiškai išanalizuoti ES šalių socio-ekonominių bei aplinkosauginių rodiklių konvergencijos procesai. Nustatyta, kad Lietuva pagal visus socio-ekonominius rodiklius artėjo ES senbuvių link, tačiau pagal rūgštinančių medžiagų emisijas net viršijo jų lygį. Spartus išlaidų augimas lėmė esminius vartojimo struktūros pokyčius, kai išlaidos prabangos prekėms augo itin sparčiai ir tai sumažino išaugusio vartojimo poveikį aplinkai. Tiesioginis vartojimo poveikis aplinkai augo žymiai lėčiau (išskyrus transporto taršą) nei vartojimas arba išvis neaugo. Žmonių elgsenos palankumą aplinkai lemia jų bendrųjų vertybių pripažinimas, pagrindinių aplinkos problemų svarbos vertinimas bei pasiryžimas prisiimti atsakomybę už... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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The aim of the thesis was to show that it is possible to develop a sustainable product of a discarded material and provide a framework for how to do that. A great amount of discarded material is today put on landfill due to its low value and difficulties to use. But putting the waste on landfill is the least preferred way of handling it, especially when the resources in the world are not infinite. It is therefore of importance that we find another way of handling the discarded material, which is why this thesis was written.  During the work has a qoute by McDonough and Braungart (2002) been kept in mind, reminding us, as product designers,  of the responsibilty we have  for future generations well-being.  “How can we love the children of all species– not just our own – for all time?” – McDonough and Braungart. 2002. Remaking the way we want things, pp 168. This thesis consisted of three phases. In phase 1 the plastic WEEEBR (a recycled plastic blend from waste from electrical and electronic equipment) was evaluated and a suitable product for it was found. Phase 2 started with a market research trying to find a market opportunity for that product. Thereafter several concepts for the product was developed. The last phase, phase 3, analyzed and evaluated the two previous phases in order to summarize the process and develop a method for how to put requirements on future products.   Phase 1 and 2 are shortly described, thereafter follows the analysis of them. The proposed method are exemplified with concepts and results from phase 1 and 2. The result of the thesis was a method based on following 6 steps: Agree to the company’s vision Evaluate what available material you have Evaluate your technical possibilites with the material Highlight a market possibility Set product requirements Develop the concept This method is generic and shall be used as a guide when developing sustainable products. Developing sustainable products include thinking about what material you have. It is worth thinking about if the product shall be produced locally, with local material and also how the material should be handled after it is used and at last where it ends up. / Waste to Design / Closing the loop

Syfte Vårt syfte med uppsatsen är att skapa en djupare förståelse för problematiken och möjligheterna som finns gällande klädföretags arbete med miljövänliga kläder. För att uppnå detta på ett effektivt sätt har vi tagit fram två delsyften. Vi ämnar analysera och undersöka: • Vilka faktorer som påverkar konsumenters intresse för miljövänliga kläder. • Hur marknadskommunikationen av miljövänliga kläder kan vara utformad för att tilltala konsumenterna. Vidare har en forskningsfråga tagits fram som lyder: • På vilka sätt kan klädföretag arbeta med grön marknadsföring för att öka intresset för miljövänliga kläder? Metod Vi har utgått från den kvalitativa undersökningsmetoden då vi ville uppnå en djupgående förståelse för vårt valda forskningsområde samt ha möjligheten att göra subjektiva analyser och tolkningar. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom sju djupgående intervjuer. Tre av dessa genomfördes med experter inom hållbarhetsområdet medan fyra av dessa genomfördes med företagsrepresentanter som arbetar med hållbart framtagna kläder. Slutsatser Utifrån vår teoretiska och empiriska analys har vi kommit fram till ett antal slutsatser som kan vägleda företag i deras arbete med grön marknadsföring. En av dessa är att företag bör integrera miljöfrågan i hela affärsverksamheten istället för att ha en särskild avdelning som arbetar med detta. Vidare bör företag undvika greenwash och endast kommunicera det företaget faktiskt gör. Vi har vidare kommit fram till att företag som arbetar med attraktiva miljövänliga kläder måste bli bättre på att marknadsföra den miljövänliga aspekten. Företag kan med fördel använda sig av sociala medier och kändisar för att skapa engagemang och word of mouth. Även företagets anställda kan spela en viktig roll gällande marknadsföringen av de miljövänliga plaggen. Till sist har vi funnit att det är av yttersta vikt att företag som arbetar med miljövänliga kläder förstår hur konsumenter resonerar och prioriterar vid köpbeslut för att sedan agera utifrån detta i sin marknadsföring. / Our purpose with this paper is to create a deeper understanding of how clothing companies can work with green marketing in order to increase the interest in environmentally friendly garment. We intend to do this by working with two specific aims. We will analyze and investigate: • What the factors are that influence consumers interest of environmentally friendly clothing. • How marketing communication of environmentally friendly clothing can be designed to appeal to consumers. Furthermore, we have defined the following research question: • In which ways can clothing companies work with green marketing in order to make environmentally friendly clothing more interesting? We used the qualitative research method since we wanted to achieve an in-depth understanding of our chosen research area that was open to subjective analysis and interpretation. The empirical material was collected through seven in-depth interviews. Based on our theoretical and empirical analysis, we have identified a number of conclusions that can guide companies in their green marketing efforts. One of these is that companies should integrate the environment into the business strategy instead of having a separate department dealing with this. Furthermore, companies should avoid greenwash and only communicate the activities that the company actually performs. We have further concluded that companies working with attractive environmentally friendly clothes need to be better at marketing the environmentally friendly aspect. Companies can also benefit from using social media and celebrities to create engagement and word of mouth. The company’s employees play an important role when marketing environmentally friendly garments. Finally, we have found that it is imperative that companies working with environmentally friendly clothing understand how consumers think and prioritize their purchase decision and act accordingly in their marketing.

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certifies forests that have been grown in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. It attempts to increase market share for certified paper via a Business Development Plan (BDP). This thesis provides analysis of the FSCs marketing using a survey and case study approach. The survey of institutional paper buyers reveals trends that suggest that the market for FSC and other certified papers is gaining popularity with institutional buyers, even though final consumers remain price sensitive. Components of institutional behavior that might cause an organization to adopt FSC are analyzed. This analysis reveals that adoption is more likely if it is important to an institution’s stakeholders and if reputation can be increased, even given increased costs. However, much of the growth in market share of FSC remains unexplained by the BDP. Hence the market for FSC and certified paper may be expanding independent of FSC and BDP. / Agricultural and Resource Eonomics

The objective of this diploma thesis is to present possibilities how to obtain EU financial resources on development of environmentally friendly forms of tourism in the Czech Republic. First part of the thesis focuses on sustainable tourism, the most important legislation of environment protection in the Czech Republic and international and national organizations of this field. Second part is focused on EU social and solidarity policy, Operational Programmes concentrated on environmentally friendly forms of tourism and Rural Development Programme. An example of successful application is a part of the work.

The thesis addresses the issue of sustainable tourism development which is illustrated on the example of the Moravian-Silesian region (of the Czech Republic). The aim of the thesis is the evaluation of the current condition as well as the potential of sustainable tourism development in the Moravian-Silesian region. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to sustainable development with its basic pillars and principles. The Moravian-Silesian region is characterized in terms of in terms of environment, transport infrastructure, and tourism in the practical part of the thesis. In addition, the offer of environmentally-friendly forms of tourism in the region, their support and opportunities for further development is addressed. A significant portion is dedicated to the analysis of knowledge of sustainable tourism development in the region which is based in responses by entrepreneurs in tourism in the Moravian-Silesian region, tourists, residents of the region, and employees of the regional administrative office. The SWOT analysis serves as an instrument for the evaluation of the current state and the potential opportunities for sustainable tourism development in the region.

This thesis is concerned with the sustainable tourism development in the Protected Landscape Area Kokořínsko. The aim is to evaluate current state of sustainable tourism in this area and outline the perspectives of its further development. The theoretical part is dedicated to the definition of the concept of sustainable development and its application to the tourism in protected areas. The beggining of the practical part describes the Protected Landscape Area Kokořínsko. The practical part is also concerned with the organization of tourism and an analysis of offer of environmentally friendly forms of tourism. The thesis is completed with an overall evaluation based on the SWOT analysis, chosen indicators of sustainable tourism development and a questionnaire survey among tourists, residents, entrepreneurs in the tourism industry and municipalities in the region of the Protected Landscape Area Kokořínsko.

What are the key antecedents, factors and moderators that influence environmentally friendly and socially responsible consumer behaviour? Individual consumers buy products and services not only for their intrinsic satisfactory functionalities. They make their consumption choices also because of specific extrinsic products/service abilities to affirm their lifestyle choice, i.e. enhance their self-concepts and satisfy their psychological needs. Given that despite the recent increase of interest in sustainable consumer behaviour, little is known on sustainable consumer aspirations, this study aims at filling the research gap in this area of academic research. This study investigates ad hoc literature in Lifestyle Strategic Marketing, Branding, Social Psychology and Self-Concept Theory applicable in Green and Fair Trade Operational Marketing . Mixed research methods are used in three distinct studies: (a) laboratory experiment, (b) SurveyMonkeyTM online questionnaire analyzed quantitatively, and (c) SPSS and SEM software data management and analysis. They are conducted in France and based on the common research models, i.e. the Theory of reasoned action (TRA) founded by Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) and the Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) coined by Ajzen (1991). Specific attitudes towards environmentally friendly and fair-trade products and services are derived from Value sets, Awareness of Consequences beliefs and Environmental Concern evaluations; therefore in the third partial study we adapt the research model proposed by Hansla et al. (2008). In all of them is employed a convenience sampling method that allows to gather between 109 and 350 respondents. Results allow for identification of salient factors influencing consumer purchasing intention and willingness to adopt and pay for both environmentally friendly and socially responsible products and/or services.