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The utility of intracranial EEG feature and channel synergy for evaluating the spatial and temporal behavior of seizure precursorsD'Alessandro, Maryann Marie 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Electroencephalogram machine learning to assist diagnosis and treatment of epilepsySong, Yuedong January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Detection of seizure onset in epileptic patients from intracranial EEG signalsEsteller, Rosana 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Development of a Wearable Device to Detect EpilepsyUnknown Date (has links)
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a wearable device, developed by the
author, to detect different types of epileptic seizures and monitor epileptic patients. The
device uses GSR, Pulse, EMG, body temperature and 3-axis accelerometer sensors to
detect epilepsy. The device first learns the signal patterns of the epileptic patient in ideal
condition. The signal pattern generated during the epileptic seizure, which are distinct from
other signal patterns, are detected and analyzed by the algorithms developed by the author.
Based on an analysis, the device successfully detected different types of epileptic seizures.
The author conducted an experiment on himself to determine the effectiveness of the device
and the algorithms. Based on the simulation results, the algorithms are 100 percent accurate
in detecting different types of epileptic seizures. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
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Uma visão histórico-crítica do conceito de crise não-epiléptica psicogênica / An historical-critical approach to the psychogenic non-epileptic seizure conceptKurcgant, Daniela 05 May 2010 (has links)
As crises não-epilépticas são definidas como crises, ataques ou acessos recorrentes que podem ser confundidos com epilepsia, devido à semelhança das manifestações comportamentais existentes entre ambas, mas difere da crise epiléptica por não ser conseqüente de descargas elétricas cerebrais anormais. Podem ter origem fisiogênica ou psicogênica. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos que mais freqüentemente apresentam-se sob a forma de crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas são o transtorno conversivo e o transtorno de somatização. Na prática clínica, a diferenciação entre crises epilépticas e crises não-epilépticas desafia e confunde os clínicos, os neurologistas e os psiquiatras desde tempos remotos. A introdução da monitorização pelo vídeo-eletroencefalograma vídeo-EEG, considerado o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico diferencial, levou a um aumento significativo no número de diagnósticos de crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas. Apesar de se tratar de uma situação clínica de difícil manejo, com conseqüências médicas e sociais significativas, fica evidente que o conhecimento técnico e instrumental sobre as crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas são insuficientes para abordar este problema. O objetivo geral deste estudo é de o de enriquecer a compreensão das crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas, nos últimos quarenta anos. As condições de emergência histórica e as implicações práticas do conceito de crise não-epiléptica psicogênica foram investigadas. Para tanto, foram selecionados artigos que abordam o conceito de crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas em três periódicos de neurologia e em três de psiquiatria. Esta pesquisa partiu de projetos epistemológicos que possibilitam um pensamento reflexivo sobre a produção de conhecimentos científicos, no que diz respeito à formação, às mudanças e à formalização dos conceitos, teorias e práticas. Houve uma aproximação da metodologia histórico-epistemológica de Canguilhem e Bachelard, passando pela análise crítica de Foucault e alcançando o pensamento hermenêutico de Habermas e Gadamer. Foi verificado que os conceitos de histeria e epilepsia vêm sendo reformulados, ao longo do tempo. As crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas foram demarcadas em períodos. Na década de 1970, predominam os artigos que discutem a redução da prevalência da histeria e da personalidade histérica nas mulheres. Na década de 1980, existe uma preocupação com a formulação de diagnósticos através de instrumentos e entrevistas padronizadas e um aumento explosivo do número de artigos, dos periódicos de neurologia, que discutem o uso do vídeo-EEG. Na década de 1990, surgem os artigos que abordam os múltiplos diagnósticos psiquiátricos e as pesquisas sobre o abuso e a dissociação associados à crise não-epiléptica psicogênica. Conclui-se que as crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas, tal qual o conhecimento científico, tem uma história, que interage com outros tipos de conhecimento e que são influenciadas por variáveis sociais. Nesta direção, sugere-se que a possibilidade de abertura e diálogo entre as dimensões técno-científica e prática possam criar condições para um modelo de cuidado mais adequado e integrado junto aos pacientes com crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas / Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are recurrent crisis, or attacks, or paroxysmal behavioral changes that can be misunderstood as epileptic seizure due to the behavioral similarity between both, however, these manifestations are not associated with abnormal electrical brain discharges that cause epileptic seizures. Non-epileptic seizures are classified into physiologic and psychogenic origin. The most common psychiatric diagnoses associated with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are conversion disorder and somatization disorder. In clinical practice, the distinction between non-epileptic seizure and epilepsy challenges and confuses the clinicians, the neurologists and the psychiatrists, since ancient times. The long-term video-electroencephalographic monitoring video-EEG, considered as the gold standard for the differential diagnosis, has led to a significant increase in the number of cases of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Although being a clinical situation difficult to manage, with medical and social poor prognosis, it is evident that the instrumental and technological knowledge about non-epileptic seizures are insufficient to deal with this problem. The aim of this study is to enrich the comprehension of the psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in the last fifty years. The historical emergence conditions of the psychogenic non-epileptic seizure and its clinical practical implications were investigated. For this purpose, it was examined papers that discuss the concept of psychogenic non-epileptic seizure in three neurological journals and in three psychiatric journals. This research was guided by epistemological projects focused upon conditions of possibility for reflexive thinking about conceptualization, changing and formalization of the concepts, theories and practices. The methodological approach was influenced by Canguilhems and Bachelards historical epistemology, pursued by Foucault´s critical analysis and culminating in Habermas e Gadamers hermeneutics thought. The research pointed out that hysteria and epilepsy concepts have been reformulated over time, and uncovered fundamental concepts that organized psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in different historical periods. In the 1970s, there was a predominance of papers that discuss the reduction of hysteria and the hysterical personality in women. In the 1980s, there was a concern with the development of diagnostic instruments and structured interviews, and an explosive increase in the number of papers in the neurological journals discussing the use of video-EEG. In the 1990s and on, papers have been focused on the multiple psychiatric diagnoses and research on dissociation and abuse associated to psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. The conclusion is that psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, as scientific knowledge, have a history, which interact with various kinds of knowledge and it is influenced by social variables. In this sense, the possibility of openness and dialogue between technological and practical dimensions could provide underlying conditions to a better and more integral care model among patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
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Uma visão histórico-crítica do conceito de crise não-epiléptica psicogênica / An historical-critical approach to the psychogenic non-epileptic seizure conceptDaniela Kurcgant 05 May 2010 (has links)
As crises não-epilépticas são definidas como crises, ataques ou acessos recorrentes que podem ser confundidos com epilepsia, devido à semelhança das manifestações comportamentais existentes entre ambas, mas difere da crise epiléptica por não ser conseqüente de descargas elétricas cerebrais anormais. Podem ter origem fisiogênica ou psicogênica. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos que mais freqüentemente apresentam-se sob a forma de crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas são o transtorno conversivo e o transtorno de somatização. Na prática clínica, a diferenciação entre crises epilépticas e crises não-epilépticas desafia e confunde os clínicos, os neurologistas e os psiquiatras desde tempos remotos. A introdução da monitorização pelo vídeo-eletroencefalograma vídeo-EEG, considerado o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico diferencial, levou a um aumento significativo no número de diagnósticos de crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas. Apesar de se tratar de uma situação clínica de difícil manejo, com conseqüências médicas e sociais significativas, fica evidente que o conhecimento técnico e instrumental sobre as crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas são insuficientes para abordar este problema. O objetivo geral deste estudo é de o de enriquecer a compreensão das crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas, nos últimos quarenta anos. As condições de emergência histórica e as implicações práticas do conceito de crise não-epiléptica psicogênica foram investigadas. Para tanto, foram selecionados artigos que abordam o conceito de crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas em três periódicos de neurologia e em três de psiquiatria. Esta pesquisa partiu de projetos epistemológicos que possibilitam um pensamento reflexivo sobre a produção de conhecimentos científicos, no que diz respeito à formação, às mudanças e à formalização dos conceitos, teorias e práticas. Houve uma aproximação da metodologia histórico-epistemológica de Canguilhem e Bachelard, passando pela análise crítica de Foucault e alcançando o pensamento hermenêutico de Habermas e Gadamer. Foi verificado que os conceitos de histeria e epilepsia vêm sendo reformulados, ao longo do tempo. As crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas foram demarcadas em períodos. Na década de 1970, predominam os artigos que discutem a redução da prevalência da histeria e da personalidade histérica nas mulheres. Na década de 1980, existe uma preocupação com a formulação de diagnósticos através de instrumentos e entrevistas padronizadas e um aumento explosivo do número de artigos, dos periódicos de neurologia, que discutem o uso do vídeo-EEG. Na década de 1990, surgem os artigos que abordam os múltiplos diagnósticos psiquiátricos e as pesquisas sobre o abuso e a dissociação associados à crise não-epiléptica psicogênica. Conclui-se que as crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas, tal qual o conhecimento científico, tem uma história, que interage com outros tipos de conhecimento e que são influenciadas por variáveis sociais. Nesta direção, sugere-se que a possibilidade de abertura e diálogo entre as dimensões técno-científica e prática possam criar condições para um modelo de cuidado mais adequado e integrado junto aos pacientes com crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas / Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are recurrent crisis, or attacks, or paroxysmal behavioral changes that can be misunderstood as epileptic seizure due to the behavioral similarity between both, however, these manifestations are not associated with abnormal electrical brain discharges that cause epileptic seizures. Non-epileptic seizures are classified into physiologic and psychogenic origin. The most common psychiatric diagnoses associated with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are conversion disorder and somatization disorder. In clinical practice, the distinction between non-epileptic seizure and epilepsy challenges and confuses the clinicians, the neurologists and the psychiatrists, since ancient times. The long-term video-electroencephalographic monitoring video-EEG, considered as the gold standard for the differential diagnosis, has led to a significant increase in the number of cases of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Although being a clinical situation difficult to manage, with medical and social poor prognosis, it is evident that the instrumental and technological knowledge about non-epileptic seizures are insufficient to deal with this problem. The aim of this study is to enrich the comprehension of the psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in the last fifty years. The historical emergence conditions of the psychogenic non-epileptic seizure and its clinical practical implications were investigated. For this purpose, it was examined papers that discuss the concept of psychogenic non-epileptic seizure in three neurological journals and in three psychiatric journals. This research was guided by epistemological projects focused upon conditions of possibility for reflexive thinking about conceptualization, changing and formalization of the concepts, theories and practices. The methodological approach was influenced by Canguilhems and Bachelards historical epistemology, pursued by Foucault´s critical analysis and culminating in Habermas e Gadamers hermeneutics thought. The research pointed out that hysteria and epilepsy concepts have been reformulated over time, and uncovered fundamental concepts that organized psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in different historical periods. In the 1970s, there was a predominance of papers that discuss the reduction of hysteria and the hysterical personality in women. In the 1980s, there was a concern with the development of diagnostic instruments and structured interviews, and an explosive increase in the number of papers in the neurological journals discussing the use of video-EEG. In the 1990s and on, papers have been focused on the multiple psychiatric diagnoses and research on dissociation and abuse associated to psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. The conclusion is that psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, as scientific knowledge, have a history, which interact with various kinds of knowledge and it is influenced by social variables. In this sense, the possibility of openness and dialogue between technological and practical dimensions could provide underlying conditions to a better and more integral care model among patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
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Correlação entre atrofia hipocampal e déficit de memória em pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial / Correlation between hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsyPacagnella, Denise, 1986- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Fernando Cendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T22:37:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Pacagnella_Denise_M.pdf: 4540070 bytes, checksum: 16b204b691b419988c71c0985feea00a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A Epilepsia de Lobo Temporal Mesial (ELTM) é a forma mais frequente de epilepsia focal em adultos e geralmente está associada à atrofia hipocampal (AH) identificável pela ressonância magnética (RM) de alta resolução. Consiste em uma síndrome frequentemente refratária ao tratamento clínico e os pacientes podem apresentar déficits de memória devido a danos no sistema hipocampal, porém pouco se sabe a respeito do impacto da frequência de crises sobre a memória. Portanto, os objetivos do trabalho foram comparar o desempenho neuropsicológico entre pacientes com ELTM refratária ao tratamento clínico e pacientes com ELTM benigna (com boa resposta ao tratamento clínico) e investigar a associação entre os déficits de memória com o volume hipocampal (VH) e com a resposta ao tratamento clínico. Foram adquiridas imagens de RM de 25 pacientes com ELTM refratária, 21 pacientes com ELTM benigna e 30 indivíduos saudáveis para comparação dos dados volumétricos. A segmentação manual do hipocampo foi realizada através do programa DISPLAY, sem conhecimento prévio da história clínica e identificação dos participantes. A avaliação neuropsicológica incluiu: o inventário de lateralidade de Edinburgh; subtestes da Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R); teste de aprendizagem auditivo verbal de Rey (RAVLT) e subtestes: vocabulário e cubos da Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III. Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação à idade, idade de início da epilepsia, duração da epilepsia, escolaridade, QI estimado e lateralização manual, porém houve diferença entre a lateralidade da AH, sendo mais freqüente à direita no grupo refratário. Observamos uma redução do VH ipsilateral e contralateral dos pacientes em relação ao grupo controle. Nas comparações entre o desempenho dos pacientes na avaliação neuropsicológica, ambos os grupos apresentavam comprometimento de memória, não havendo diferença significativa entre eles. Observamos também uma correlação entre a duração da epilepsia com QI estimado e desempenho no WMS-R evocação, entre a frequência de crises e o VH ipsilateral e contralateral, bem como entre o VH direito com RAVLT A6 e RAVLT reconhecimento e entre o VH esquerdo e RAVLT A6, demonstrando a importância das estruturas mesiais para a consolidação da memória. Podemos concluir que, os pacientes com ELTM apresentam déficits de memória relacionados à presença de AH, mas independentes da frequência de crises / Abstract: Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common focal epilepsy in adults and is usually associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA) which is recognized by highresolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It consists of a syndrome that is often refractory to clinical treatment and patients may have memory deficits due to hippocampal system damage, however, little is known about the impact of seizure frequency on memory. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to compare the neuropsychological performance between patients with refractory clinical treatment MTLE and patients with benign MTLE (good response to clinical treatment) but also to investigate the association between memory deficits with the hippocampal volume (HV) and the clinical response to treatment. MRIs were acquired from 25 patients with refractory MTLE, 21 patients with benign MTLE and 30 healthy subjects for comparison of volumetric data. The manual segmentation of the hippocampus was performed using the DISPLAY software without prior knowledge of disease history and participant's identification. The neuropsychological assessment included: the Edinburgh handedness inventory; subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised (WMS-R); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and subtests vocabulary and block design of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - III. The groups were homogeneous regarding age, age of onset, duration of epilepsy, educational level, estimated IQ and handedness, but there was difference between the HA laterality which was, most frequently at right in the refractory group. We observed a reduction of ipsilateral and contralateral HV in patients when compared to the control group. When comparing the two patient's groups regarding their performance on neuropsychological evaluation, both groups showed memory impairment, however there wasn't significant difference between them. We also observed correlation between duration of epilepsy with estimated IQ and performance on the WMS-R evocation, between seizure frequency with ipsilateral and contralateral HV, as well as between the right HV with RAVLT A6 and RAVLT recognition and between the left HV with RAVLT A6, demonstrating the relevance of the mesial structures for memory consolidation. We conclude that patients with MTLE exhibit memory deficits related to the presence of HA, but independent of seizure frequency / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Médica / Mestre em Ciências
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Models of EEG data mining and classification in temporal lobe epilepsy: wavelet-chaos-neural network methodology and spiking neural networksGhosh Dastidar, Samanwoy 22 June 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Neurofiziološki aspekt prvog gubitka svesti kod dece / Neurophysiological aspect of the first loss of consciousness in childrenPeričin Starčević Ivana 15 September 2016 (has links)
<p>Uzroci gubitka svesti su različiti i teško ih je diferencirati. Razlikovanja epileptičkih od neepileptičkih gubitaka svesti je od krucijalnog značaja za ispitivanje, lečenja i prognoze ovih poremećaja. Elektroencefalografija (EEG) je standardna, neinvazivna metoda koja se koristi u ispitivanju nakon gubitka svesti. Inicijalni EEG nalaz nakon prvog gubitka svesti može biti normalan, specifičan ili nespecifičan. Procenat patološkog EEG nalaza je veći kod rano urađenog EEG pregleda. Kod dece rani EEG pregled u roku od 48h ne pokazuje statistički značajne abnormalnosti. Spontanim spavanjem ili EEG pregledom nakon deprivacije spavanja se beleži značajno veća prisutnost epileptiformnih promena kod dece starije od 3 godine, čak i kada je prvi EEG u budnom stanju normalan. Kombinacijama pregleda u budnom stanju i spavanju povećava prisutnost patoloških promena u EEG zapisu. Materijal metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 198 dece uzrasta od 3-12 godine života nakon prvog gubitka svesti. Ispitanici su klasifikovani u dve grupe na osnovu otpusne dijagnoze: na grupu dece kod kojih dijagnoza epilepsije nije postavljena i na grupu dece kod kojih je dijagnoza epilepsije potvrđena. Korelirani su nalazi EEG-a u budnom stanju i spavanju (spontanom ili nakon deprivacije spavanja) sa anamnestičkim i kliničkim podacima o gubitku svesti, podacima o dužini trajanja gubitka svesti i vremena oporavka, vremenom kada je urađen prvi EEG u odnosu na gubitak svesti kao i sa podacima o ličnoj i porodičnoj anamnezi, a koji su navedeni u protokolu istraživanja. Ispitanici su potom podeljeni prema uzrastu u pet grupa u intervalima od 2 godine (3-4; 5-6; 7-8; 9-10; 11-12). Rezultati: Nakon prvog gubitka svesti specifičan (epileptiformni) nalaz EEG u budnom stanju imalo je 41,97% ispitanika, a 58,03% je imalo nespecifičan ili uredan EEG nalaz u budnom stanju, dok je specifičan nalaz EEG u spavanju imalo je 73,57% ispitanika, a 26,43% je imalo nespecifičan ili uredan EEG nalaz u spavanju. Ispitanici koji su imali specifičan EEG nalaz u budnom stanju imali su i specifičan nalaz u spavanju, a 45,07%, nakon deprivacije sna. Ispitanici koji su u budnom stanju imali nespecifičan ili uredan EEG nalaz u budnom stanju su u 35,92% nakon deprvacije spavanja imali specifičan EEG nalaz u spavanju, za razliku od 1,41% dece koji su imali specifičan EEG nalaz u spontanom spavanju. Sumarno gledano bolesnici koji su “aktivirani” odnosno oni kod kojih je deprivacija spavanja uticala na dobijanje specifičnog nalaza (epileptiformnih pormena) u spavanju čine 37.32% od svih ispitanika sa specifičnim (epileptiformnim) promenama u EEG-u u spavanju Zaključak: Kod većine pacijenata nakon prvog gubitka svesti EEG nalaz u budnom stanju je bio nespecifičan ili uredan. Procenat specifičnih EEG nalaza (epileptiformnih promena) se značajno povećao prilikom snimanja EEG u spavanju. Naročito velika korist od deprivacije spavanja kao metode aktivacije potvrđena kod onih pacijenata koji su imali inicijalni EEG u budnom stanju uredan ili nespecifičan. Dobijeni rezultati nesumljivo ukazuju na efikasnost deprivacije spavanja kao provokacione metode i povećanja procenta interiktalnihepileptiformnih EEG promena. Neprovociranih prvi gubitci svesti su se češće javljali u grupi dece kod kojih je dijagnoza epilepsije potvrđena, dok su se provocirani gubitci svesti javljali češće u grupi dece kod kojih dijagnoza epilepsije nije postavljena. Uzrast dece nije uticao na postavljanje dijagnoze epilepsije kao ni na inicijalne nalaze EEGa u budnom stanju i spavanju ali se registrovalo povećanje specifičnih nalaza (epileptiformnih promena) EEG-a, nakon deprivacije spavanja , sa porastom godina života.</p> / <p>The reasons for the loss of consciousness are various and difficult to be differentiated. It is of utmost importance to differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic losses of consciousness for the purpose of testing, treating and giving prognosis related to this disorder. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a standard, non-invasive method used in testing after the loss of consciousness. The initial EEG after the first loss of consciousness can be normal, specific and non-specific. The percentage of pathological EEG findings is higher in EEG exams performed at an earlier stage. In children, an early EEG exam within 48 hours does not reveal any statistically relevant abnormalities. Spontaneous sleeping or an EEG examination after sleep deprivation leads to a significantly higher number of epileptiform changes in children above the age of 3, even in cases when the first EEG in the awake state was normal. Combinations of examinations in the awake state and during sleep lead to an increased presence of pathological changes in the EEG recording. Material and methods: The research included 198 children aged 3-12 who have experienced their first loss of consciousness. The subjects were classified into two groups, based on their discharge diagnosis: children who have not been diagnosed with epilepsy and children who have had epilepsy confirmed. A correlation was established between EEG findings in the awake state and sleep (spontaneous or following sleep deprivation) and medical history and clinical data related to the loss of consciousness, the information about the length of the loss of consciousness and recovery time, the time when the first EEG examination was performed in relation to the loss of consciousness, as well as the data from the personal and family history. The subjects were further divided into five groups, depending on their age, with each group covering a 2-year period (3-4; 5-6; 7-8; 9-10; 11-12). Results: Following the first loss of consciousness, specific (epileptiform) EEG findings were noticed in 41.97% subjects, while 58.03% of them had non-specific, i.e. regular findings in the awake state. When it comes to the findings during sleep, 73,57% were specific, while 26,43% were non-specific, i.e. regular. The subjects who had specific EEG findings in the awake state also had specific findings during sleep, while that percentage was 45,07% after sleep deprivation. The subjects who had non-specific, i.e. regular EEG findings in the awake state had specific EEG findings during sleep in 35.92% of the cases following sleep deprivation, while 1.41% of the children had specific EEG findings during spontaneous sleep. In total, the patients who were “activated”, i.e. those whose sleep deprivation contributed to specific findings (epileptiform changes) during sleep comprise 37.32% of all subjects with specific (epileptiform) changes in the EEG findings during sleep. Conclusion: In most patients suffering from the first loss of consciousness the EEG findings were non-specific, i.e. regular. The percentage of specific EEG findings (epileptiform changes) was significantly increased when the EEG examination was performed during sleep. Sleep deprivation, as an activation method, was particularly useful in patients whose initial EEG findings in the awake state were regular, i.e. non-specific. The results obtained undoubtedly confirm the efficiency of sleep deprivation as a provoking method and the increase of the percentage of interictal epileptiform EEG changes. Unprovoked first losses of consciousness were more common in the group of children who have had the diagnosis of epilepsy confirmed, while provoked losses of consciousness were more common in the group of children who have not been diagnosed with epilepsy. The age of children did not affect the process of establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy, nor did it affect the initial EEG findings in the awake state or during sleep, but it was observed that the number of specific EEG findings (epileptiform changes) following sleep deprivation increased with the increase of the age of the patients.</p>
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