The Progressive Era in America from 1870 to 1920 introduced unprecedented change in the way Americans lived, worked, and thought about themselves in relation to the rest of the world. New platforms of charitable benevolence, religious activism, and legislative reform were enacted to meet the changed demographic landscape initiated by waves of new immigration from Europe. The tenor of religious worship shifted in mainstream and evangelical churches to reflect not only new ways of response to these changes, but new ideas of women as authoritative leaders in secular and religious institutions. Charismatic evangelical women influenced by an era of change worked to establish autonomous ministries unbeholden to clergymen who declined to accept their scriptural authority to preach or occupy the pulpit. Women who identified within Holiness and Pentecostal traditions were no longer content to preach from street-corners or rented meeting rooms. Instead, women who considered themselves prophets and preachers established ministries that supported their initiatives of religious reform and advancement of women.

The thesis "Biblical Introduction in Jerome Hirnhaim's Theologia Universalis" contributes to a deeper understanding of the early modern thinking about the Holy Scripture. Theological compendium "Theologia universalis" was composed by Jerome Hirnhaim, abbot of the Premonstratensian monastery at Strahov, in the second half of the 17th century, and was used as a teaching aid for the monastic clergy. The thesis analyses the extracts from the Hirnhaim's compendium which are dedicated to the questions of relationship between Scripture and Tradition, biblical inspiration, interpretation of the biblical text and laity reading of Scripture. A comparison with Robert Bellarmine's "De Controversiis" shows that Hirnhaim's lectures were largely based on this Bellarmine's work. Numerous correspondences between the Hirnhaim's compendium and Gaspard Juénin's "Institutiones theologicae", a textbook compiled for use in the French seminaries in the nineties of the 17th century, shows a transnational character of early modern Catholic theology and teaching practice. Differences between the early modern and current view of Scripture can be observed in the area of pastoral practice.

In this study data from the regional climate model RCA1 is compared to measured data to investigate how good the model is during ice conditions and mainly how well the turbulent surface fluxes are described by the model. Comparisons of the sensible heat flux and the momentum flux as well as mean parameters are included. The measured data used are from the Bothnian Bay measured during the BASIS field experiment in February to March 1998. RCA1 (Rossby Centre regional Atmospheric model) is a regional climate model for Northern Europe based on HIRLAM and forced by ERA-40 data. Two different grid points of the RCA1 44 km grid have been chosen with geographical coordinates as close as possible to the two measuring sites. The first site is a small peninsula south of the town Umeå at the east coast of Sweden and the second one is the ship R/V Aranda anchored in the sea ice outside the Finnish west coast. The model presents generally too large negative (downward) sensible heat fluxes and too large momentum fluxes over ice. The largest difference between modelled and measured sensible heat fluxes are seen after warm front passages due to melting conditions. There are some uncertainties in the comparison of modelled fluxes and measured fluxes at Umeå due to a complex and varying ice cover around this measuring site. The vertical structure in the atmosphere has also been studied and modelled temperature, wind and humidity profiles were compared to radiosondes at the Umeå site. Two periods with on-ice flow and off-ice flow was analysed and one of the main differences was that for the on-ice situation an internal boundary layer was built up over the ice. Modelled profiles are generally smoother then measured profiles and inversions and other small-scale phenomena like low-level jets are almost never described correctly by the model but there are tendencies of the phenomena to occur. / Sammanfattning av ”En undersökning i hur bra den regionala klimatmodellen RCA1 beskriver olika parametrar över is, i huvudsak de turbulenta flödena”. I denna undersökning har den regionala klimatmodellen RCA1 jämförts med mätdata för att se hur bra modellen är över is och framförallt hur bra den beskriver de turbulenta flödena över is. RCA1 är en regional klimatmodell för norra Europa baserad på HIRLAM och som drivs av ERA-40 data. Modelldata har jämförts med mätdata från två platser i Bottenviken, en liten halvö utanför Umeå på den svenska östkusten och forskningsfartyget Aranda som var fastankrad i havsisen utanför Finlands västkust. Mätningarna gjordes under BASIS fältexperiment i februari till mars 1998. Modellen ger generellt för stora negativa (nedåtriktade) sensibla värmeflöden över is och likaså för stora impulsflöden över is. Den största skillnaden mellan modellvärden och mätningar förekom efter det att varmfronter passerat och detta beror delvis på smältförhållanden. I jämförelsen av de turbulenta flödena beräknade av RCA och de uppmäta turbulenta flödena från Umeå finns det vissa osäkerheter pga. den komplicerade issituationen runt denna mätplats med mycket varierande isförhållanden. Den vertikala strukturen i atmosfären har också undersökts och temperatur, vind och fuktighetsprofiler har jämförts. Två perioder varav en där det blåste från havet mot isen (on-ice) och en där det blåste från isen mot havet (off-ice) valdes ut och en av skillnaderna var att det bildades ett internt gränsskikt över isen i on-ice perioden. Modellen har en tendens att släta ut profilerna och småskaliga fenomen som inversionsskikt, inversionshöjder och low-level jets är nästan aldrig korrekt beskrivna i modellen men det finns tendenser till inversioner och vindmaximum.

The Godzilla media franchise is one of the longest running media franchises, which means the character himself has gone through many changes throughout the years. However, in American pop culture, the characters of Godzilla is perceived as a hero, a friend of humanity and defender of Earth. This reputation comes from the Showa Era, where Godzilla often fought on the side of humanity, rather than trying to destroy them as depicted in the original Gojira. In recent years, Toho, Godzilla's corporate owners, have been steering the King of the Monsters back into the villain role. Despite this tone shift by Godzilla's owners, American Godzilla paratexts still generally depict Godzilla as a hero. These depictions of Godzilla are used to maintain his status as a family friendly heritage brand and keep a door open for parents to introduce their children to the brand. Such a strategy allows Godzilla to survive into the modern day as an international powerhouse franchise.

La formulación estratégica se enfrenta a nuevos retos, por lo cual resulta interesante analizar su influencia en la ejecución estratégica en la actualidad. Así, la presente investigación plantea como interrogante central: ¿Cómo influye la formulación en la ejecución estratégica? El propósito de este documento es presentar una investigación basada en la evolución de la gestión estratégica a través de los años de acuerdo con los pensamientos de diversos autores que contribuyeron al crecimiento de distinguidas organizaciones. Por esta razón, el objetivo general del presente trabajo es determinar si las estrategias tradicionales desarrolladas por los autores pioneros del siglo XX continúan teniendo vigencia en la formulación y ejecución estratégica de las empresas en la era digital. Para el presente artículo se utilizó un método de investigación cualitativa que permitió, específicamente, identificar los principales enfoques de distintos autores de los siglos XX y XXI. Del estudio se pudo concluir que las estrategias tradicionales están vigentes en esta nueva era digital, pero se considera que su enfoque se debe retroalimentar y evolucionar para ser susceptible de adaptación a las nuevas condiciones de mercado. / Strategic formulation faces new challenges, that is why it is interesting to analyze its influence on strategic execution. Thus, the current investigation states as its main question: How does formulation influence strategic execution? The purpose of this document is to present an investigation based on the evolution of strategic management throughout the years, considering different authors’ reflections which contributed to the growth of distinguished organizations. For that reason, the general objective of this work is to determine if the traditional strategies developed by the pioneering authors in the 20th century are still valid in the formulation and strategic execution of companies in the digital era. This article used a qualitative method of research that helps identify the different approaches of several authors of the 20th and 21st centuries. The study concluded that traditional strategies are still valid in the formulation and strategic execution of companies in the digital era. However, their perspective must be fed back and evolve, in order to be susceptible to adaptation in the new market conditions. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Sublllitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the DEGREE Of DOCTOR Of EDUCATION in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education at theUniversity of Zululand, 2003. / This study examines teachers' perceptions of the elements of whole school development and the extent to which certain essential features of such development are associated with school effectiveness. The study aims at determining the extent to which school effectiveness is associated with the following four elements (or sets of elements) in terms of respondent dimensions: (1) access to technical and human resources; (2)adoption of a clear culture, vision and identity; (3) involvement in efficient strategic planning, structural arrangements and procedures; and (collectively) (4) gender, age, teaching qualifications and teaching experience. To this end an instrument was constructed based on the Government bluebook for inspection of schools. The bluebook-based instrument was found to be descriptive and, therefore, intended to collect data of a qualitative nature. On the grounds of this serious omission the instrument had to be adapted so as to yield quantitative data covering all the essential features of school organisation. Care was taken to ensure that the instrument has content validity that covers all the essential features of school organisation. The findings revealed that there is a very strong association between the essential features of whole school development and school effectiveness. The analysis of responses in respect of these essential features has enabled us to arrange them in a rank order. The factor that covers adoption of a clear culture, vision and identity was rated in the first position. This was followed by a factor dealing with access to technical and human resources. The last position was occupied by the factor dealing with involvement in efficient strategic planning, structural arrangements and procedures. The study revealed that while age, gender and teaching experience, as aspects of teacher characteristics, did not influence teachers' opinions on the essential features of school organisation, the variable of teaching qualification was found to be influential in this regard.

In this research, the women ideals, during the 1930s have been studied based on the content of two women's magazines, Hertha and Husmodern. The purpose of the study was to look in to, how the ideals are expressed in each magazine, how the growing nationalism and the society’s social structure are affected by the design of the ideals, and then concluded in a comparison between the results of the magazines content. The study also had a gender perspective and was based on the theories gendersystem and genderorder. Results showed that ideals of beauty, ideals of housewives, motherhood and knowledge as ideals were indicated in the magazines, in different ways; through advertisements, articles and question columns. There was also a clear difference in which ideals the magazines expressed and also how they were expressed. In summary, the study showed that the prevailing societal changes after the First World War contributed to a process of change among Swedish women and they became increasingly aware of their rights and their independence. The study also showed that beauty- and body ideals became important ideals to follow as a Swedish woman.

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