A doença arterial coronária (DAC) é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. A detecção precoce é importante para prevenir este tipo de ocorrência. O método considerado padrão ouro para avaliar obstruções parciais críticas é a cinecoronariografia, uma técnica invasiva, trabalhosa e cara. Existem métodos não invasivos que podem ser utilizados para estabelecer este diagnóstico. A base do diagnóstico não invasivo da DAC tem sido a análise seqüencial dos fatores de risco e dos resultados do teste ergométrico e da cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio. Muitos pesquisadores demonstraram que a utilização diagnóstica apropriada da cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio e da cinecoronariografia é naqueles pacientes que têm probabilidade intermediária e alta para DAC, respectivamente. Apesar desta informação ser útil, ela é utilizada de forma limitada na prática clínica, devido à dificuldade em classificar apropriadamente os pacientes. Desde os artigos pioneiros de Lotfi A. Zadeh, a lógica fuzzy tem sido aplicada em diversas áreas. Ela é especialmente útil nas aplicações médicas, uma vez que as informações utilizadas no processo de decisão são incertas. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos e testados modelos baseados na teoria de conjuntos fuzzy, para selecionar os pacientes que devem ser submetidos a cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio e a cinecoronariografia. Utilizou-se grupo de 1053 pacientes para desenvolver os modelos e outro de 1045 para testá-los. Comparou-se o desempenho dos modelos com o de médicos especialistas utilizando-se curvas ROC e observou-se que os modelos fuzzy têm desempenho igual ou superior a estes especialistas na seleção dos pacientes que devem ser submetidos a cintilografia e cinecoronariografia, podendo, portanto, ser de grande auxílio ao médico na realização desta tarefa. / Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide leading cause of death. Early detection is important to prevent such sort of outcome. The gold standard method for evaluating critical partial occlusions is coronary arteriography, a catheterization technique which is invasive, time consuming, and costly. There are noninvasive approaches for early detection of CAD. The basis for the noninvasive diagnosis of CAD has been laid in a sequential analysis of the risk factors, and the results of treadmill electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Many investigators have demonstrated that appropriate diagnostic applications of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary arteriography are in patients who have an intermediate and a high likelihood of disease, respectively. Although this information is useful, it is only partially utilized in the clinical practice due to the difficulty to properly classify the patients. Since the seminal article by Lotfi A. Zadeh fuzzy logic has been applied in numerous areas. It is especially suited to medical applications, since much of the information required for decision-making is uncertain. In this paper, we proposed and tested models to select patients that have to undergo myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary arteriography based on fuzzy set theory. It was used a group of 1053 patients to develop the models and another one of 1045 patients to test them. It was utilized ROC curves to compare the performance of the models with the ones of experts’ physicians and it was observed that the fuzzy models have a performance equal or superior to the experts in the selection of the patients that should perform scintigraphy and coronary arteriography, therefore, they could be a useful tool to assist the general practitioner in this task.

Syfte Syftet är att undersöka Per-Olof och Irma Åstrands tillvägagångssätt vid skapandet av det submaxirnala cykelergometertest som kallas "Åstrandstestet" samt att reflektera övertestets validitet och reliabilitet. Metod Studien är baserad på litteraturstudier samt en djupintervju med Per-Olof Åstrand. Samtal har förts med Sture Malmgren, en av författarna till boken Konditionstest på cykel samt med Per-Olof Åstrand för att undvika oklarheter. Resultat Vårt huvudfynd visar att vid den ursprungliga utformningen och framtagningen av det submaximala cykelergometertest som kallas Åstrandstestet, genomfördes flera submaximala tester där resultaten från försökspersonernas första test exkluderades. Alla personer som testas submaximalt med hjälp av Åstrandstestet så som det används idag, då resultaten från det första testet används, kan få ett felaktigt värde, I dagsläget finns inga studier som visar hur stort felet kan bli eftersom olika människor påverkas olika av exempelvis nervositet. Därför är det svårt för författarna till detta examensarbete att bedöma vilken betydelse exkluderingen av det första testet har för testets noggrannhet. Slutsats Om Åstrandstestet ska användas som metod för att uppskatta en persons maximala syreupptagningsförmåga är det av största vikt att det används på ett sätt som minskar felmarginalerna. För att uppnå detta bör man låta försökspersonen göra ett förtest för att vänja sig vid metod, utrustning och försöksledare.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The aim of this thesis was to summarize current findings about exercise testing. The main goal was to evaluate protocols used in daily practice, their indications and benefits, comparability and parameters that can influence the results. The purpose of the practical part was to compare the maximal values of physiological parameters (heart rate, VO2, minute ventilation, RER, power output and rated perceived exertion) for the two most commonly used protocols for bicycle ergometry tests in the Czech Republic. We compared ramp (1/3W.kg-1 .min-1 ) and step (1W.kg-1 every 3 min) incremental protocols to exhaustion. Thirteen young, healthy and physically fit subjects (9 males and 4 women aged from 20 to 31 years) underwent two tests in separate occasions, during which they performed the protocols in random order. Paired t-test was used to statisticaly analyze the data. We found no statisticaly significant differences in these maximal values except for the exercise test time. We deduced some practical benefits of each protokol from obtained data.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Santos de Oliveira Cruz.pdf: 891626 bytes, checksum: 8f132132abe4c34477a9871250e9fdb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A group of recreationally trained cyclists (26 ± 5 years, 176 ± 5 cm, 78 ± 8 kg, n = 15) took part in this repeated measures design, which aimed to evaluate the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on physiological, metabolic and performance variables during the 1-min cycling time-trial. The subjects attended to the Human Performance Research Laboratory on six separate occasions within a two week period, with at least 48 h separating each test session. After an incremental test and a familiarization visit (sessions 1 and 2), subjects were randomly submitted in sessions 3 and 4 to a performance protocol preceded by either intermittent bilateral cuff inflation to 220 mm Hg (i.e., RIPC) or to 20 mm Hg (i.e., control). To increase data reliability, each intervention was replicated in visits 5 and 6, also in a random manner. In addition to cycling performance (mean power), the pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) and blood lactate responses were analyzed during the 1-min time trial and throughout 45-min of passive recovery to estimate the absolute and relative energy contribution from the three energy systems, as well as the total energy provision during performance. There was a substantial enhancement in performance after RIPC (1.9%, 90%CL of ±0.8%, n = 14), which was accompanied by improvements in the anaerobic glycolytic metabolism, even though it was insufficient to account alone for the observed change in performance. Our calculations therefore suggest that about 65% of the improvement after RIPC could be associated to an unnoticed higher lactic ATP turnover in the active muscles, while a supposed ATP sparing effect would be responsible for the remaining 35%. / Um grupo de ciclistas recreacionais treinados (26 ± 5 anos, 176 ± 5 cm, 78 ± 8 kg, n = 15) participou deste delineamento de medidas repetidas, o qual teve como objetivo principal avaliar os efeitos do pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto (RIPC) sobre variáveis fisiológicas, metabólicas e de desempenho durante o teste de 1-min contra-o-relógio (1-min CR) no ciclismo. Os sujeitos compareceram ao Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano da UDESC em seis ocasiões distintas dentro de um período de duas semanas, com intervalos mínimos de 48 h entre cada sessão. Após um teste incremental e uma visita de familiarização com o teste de 1-min CR (visitas 1 e 2), os ciclistas foram submetidos randomicamente a um protocolo precedido ou não por restrição intermitente de fluxo sanguíneo (visitas 3 e 4). Para aumentar a confiabilidade dos dados, cada intervenção (RIPC ou controle) foi replicada nas visitas 5 e 6, também de maneira aleatória. Além do desempenho (potência média gerada), foram analisadas as respostas do consumo de oxigênio a nível pulmonar (VO2) durante o desempenho e ao longo dos 45-min de recuperação, juntamente com o comportamento da concentração de lactato no sangue arterializado. A partir destas variáveis, foram estimadas a contribuição relativa e absoluta dos três sistemas energéticos e a quantidade total de energia fornecida pelo organismo durante o desempenho. Houve uma melhora substancial no desempenho após a aplicação do RIPC (1,9%, LC90% de ±0,8%, n = 14), acompanhada por prováveis aprimoramentos nas variáveis associadas ao metabolismo glicolítico. Nossos cálculos sugerem que aproximadamente 65% da melhora no rendimento pode ser atribuída à maior capacidade muscular de ressíntese lática de ATP, enquanto uma suposta economia de ATP seria responsável pelos 35% restantes.

A doença arterial coronária (DAC) é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. A detecção precoce é importante para prevenir este tipo de ocorrência. O método considerado padrão ouro para avaliar obstruções parciais críticas é a cinecoronariografia, uma técnica invasiva, trabalhosa e cara. Existem métodos não invasivos que podem ser utilizados para estabelecer este diagnóstico. A base do diagnóstico não invasivo da DAC tem sido a análise seqüencial dos fatores de risco e dos resultados do teste ergométrico e da cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio. Muitos pesquisadores demonstraram que a utilização diagnóstica apropriada da cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio e da cinecoronariografia é naqueles pacientes que têm probabilidade intermediária e alta para DAC, respectivamente. Apesar desta informação ser útil, ela é utilizada de forma limitada na prática clínica, devido à dificuldade em classificar apropriadamente os pacientes. Desde os artigos pioneiros de Lotfi A. Zadeh, a lógica fuzzy tem sido aplicada em diversas áreas. Ela é especialmente útil nas aplicações médicas, uma vez que as informações utilizadas no processo de decisão são incertas. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos e testados modelos baseados na teoria de conjuntos fuzzy, para selecionar os pacientes que devem ser submetidos a cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio e a cinecoronariografia. Utilizou-se grupo de 1053 pacientes para desenvolver os modelos e outro de 1045 para testá-los. Comparou-se o desempenho dos modelos com o de médicos especialistas utilizando-se curvas ROC e observou-se que os modelos fuzzy têm desempenho igual ou superior a estes especialistas na seleção dos pacientes que devem ser submetidos a cintilografia e cinecoronariografia, podendo, portanto, ser de grande auxílio ao médico na realização desta tarefa. / Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide leading cause of death. Early detection is important to prevent such sort of outcome. The gold standard method for evaluating critical partial occlusions is coronary arteriography, a catheterization technique which is invasive, time consuming, and costly. There are noninvasive approaches for early detection of CAD. The basis for the noninvasive diagnosis of CAD has been laid in a sequential analysis of the risk factors, and the results of treadmill electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Many investigators have demonstrated that appropriate diagnostic applications of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary arteriography are in patients who have an intermediate and a high likelihood of disease, respectively. Although this information is useful, it is only partially utilized in the clinical practice due to the difficulty to properly classify the patients. Since the seminal article by Lotfi A. Zadeh fuzzy logic has been applied in numerous areas. It is especially suited to medical applications, since much of the information required for decision-making is uncertain. In this paper, we proposed and tested models to select patients that have to undergo myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary arteriography based on fuzzy set theory. It was used a group of 1053 patients to develop the models and another one of 1045 patients to test them. It was utilized ROC curves to compare the performance of the models with the ones of experts’ physicians and it was observed that the fuzzy models have a performance equal or superior to the experts in the selection of the patients that should perform scintigraphy and coronary arteriography, therefore, they could be a useful tool to assist the general practitioner in this task.

The aim of this study was to compare NIRS (Near-infrared spectroscopy) and respiratory parameters measurement in determination of anaerobic treshold. Additionally changes in muscle oxygenation (SmO2) were described during incremental bicycle excercise. Fifteen subjects, 9 men and 6 women took part in this study. To verify the reliability of the measurement, the experiment was performed in the form of a test/retest with a few day's delay. The value of SmO2 was measured in m. gastrocnemius lateralis and m. vastus lateralis. In addition, respiratory parameters and pulse rate were recorded during the examination. The data obtained show that the breakpoint in the SmO2 dynamics determined by the NIRS method means that the excercise intensity above the anaerobic threshold is reached, because the breakpoint is located in the area of the Respiratory Compensation Point. In the SmO2 parameter, it is also possible to monitor the equilibrium state during the rest phase. The SmO2 parameter after the ramp log terminates exceeds the value in the rest phase, and returns to the quiescent value usually within 2 minutes. The test/re-test method has verified the reliability of the measurement.

This paper summarizes the problems of human thermoregulation and its measurement, with a focus on the method of indirect calorimetry in resting conditions at different ambient temperatures and during physical activity. It also introduces the issue of human thermal comfort and the methodology of its monitoring using thermal manikin. It describes PowerCube Ergo (Ganshorn, Germany) and Cardiovit AT-104 (Schiller, Switzerland), the diagnostic devices used to spiro-ergometry measurements. It introduces the options to export data. The work proposes the protocol for measuring the thermoregulation of the small group of volunteers, which is realized by the practical part. According to the same protocol is monitored thermal comfort of the thermal manikin. In MATLAB is created the application, allowing clear analysis of measurement records. The data are evaluated and discussed.

Title: Comparison of the results of aerobic exercise testing while kayak paddling whith crank ergometry of upper limbs. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic execise diagnostics of 6 elite kayakers (white water slalom) when paddling of flat water with crank ergometry of upper limbs. The results obtained when paddling on flat water were also compared with results obtained when paddling in the pool with counter (bachelor thesis). Based on the results we wanted to answer the question about the possible use specific forms of stress diagnosis (spiroergometry) in routine practice of training proces. Methods: We used standardized laboratory spiroergomtry stress test at crank ergometry of upper limbs and spiroergometry stress test when paddling on flat water of the same protocol. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both test we used mobile spiroergometry equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sporttester Polar. Feedback of probands were identified based on suervey with closed questions. Results: Testing kayakers reached when paddling on flat water the average functional values: heart rate (HR) 188,5 (±8,77) beats per minute, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max.) 56 ml.kg.min-1 (±6.31); maximum ventilation (VMAX.) 127.31 l.min-1 (±15.16);...

Author: Bc. Marie Hejnová Title: Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Ergometry on Muscle Cross-Sectional Diameter, Nitrogen and Fluid Balance in Critically Ill Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling ergometry (FES-CE) on cross-sectional diameter of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle of both lower extremities in critically ill patients. Another objective was to evaluate if the measured values are responding to the changes in muscle tissue or are caused by an oedema. Methods: The intervention group received daily intensified physical therapy and FES-CE. We measured cross-sectional diameter of the QF muscle repeatedly by a diagnostic ultrasound. We recorded daily nitrogen balance to objectivize catabolism of muscle and fluid balance to objectivize amount of cumulative fluid. Results: The total of 115 patients were evaluated. Average decrease of cross-sectional diameter of QF muscle in the intervention group was 0.020 ± 0.070 cm/day, in the control group it was 0.017 ± 0.084 cm/day (p = 0.87). We registered an opposite result from the eighth day onwards, the intervention group had average decrease 0.025 ± 0.047 cm/day and the control group 0.040 ± 0.076 cm/day (p = 0.38). The nitrogen intake was...