Proefschrift--Faculteit der Wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen--Leiden--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1990.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / In Childhood and Society (1950), Erikson suggested that societies provide mechanisms which permit the maturational development of their constituent members. Passage through each life stage is facilitated by the adoption of these socially-provided processes, which allow one to deal with the major problems of that stage. In Erikson's developmental schema, the principal problem of adolescence is identity-formation [TRUNCATED].

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

No description available.

Although there has been increased interest in the scientific study of religiousness and spirituality, there is relatively little research on religion's effect on identity development (Gebelt & Leak, 2009). This research investigates the relationship between religiosity and identity development in adult congregants. Participants were 51 congregants (ages 18- 85) recruited from one of three churches (Baptist, Catholic, and Methodist) in a rural area of North Central Florida. Relatively high rates of diffusion and identity distress were noted. Religious identity exploration, religious existential questioning, and religious identity commitment were found to be related to overall levels of identity distress, but not to other psychological symptoms (anxiety, distress, and somatization). Religiosity variables were a better predictor of overall identity distress than more global indicators of identity development

D. Phil. / Human development is a universal phenomenon, characterized by various stages. These stages differ from one culture to the other. Furthermore, each developmental stage tends to bring about expectations that are in accordance with a particular culture. In addition, in each culture there exist problems that are specific to a given stage as well as to the manner in which these problems are resolved. Erikson=s stages of human development are generally regarded as universal. The universal acceptance of Erikson=s stages seems to be based on a study he conducted, involving a variety of cultures. A question that needed to be addressed was whether Erikson=s developmental stages are similar to those which an African child goes through. This study is an attempt to investigate developmental stages of Africans and compare them to those outlined by Erikson. To investigate the developmental stages of an African child and to establish the relationship between Erikson=s stages of development and those of Africans, an exploratory study was conducted among the people of the Bolobedu community in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The Balobedu people were regarded as an ideal study sample because of their relatively unchanged lifestyle which still resembles the traditional African way of life. Subjects were interviewed individually, by using an open-ended questionnaire. The results were then interpreted and analyzed. The results show that children among the Balubedu also go through various stages of development which have distinct names. Furthermore, like in many other cultural groups, these stages are accompanied by various problems and expectations. In addition, these people use different methods to address problems experienced during each of the stages identified. The study further reveals that although the developmental stages among the Balobedu have much in common with those of Erikson, there exist differences between the two approaches. These differences are identified. Of the most significant differences is that developmental stages are not defined by age alone, but by other factors such as readiness and ability to perform certain tasks as well. In addition, the study did not indicate the presence of psychological problems that are caused by the developmental process, when these stages among the target group were compared to those identified by Erikson. In conclusion, this study illuminates that there are both similarities and differences between the two approaches. One such difference is that whereas Erikson=s theory describes stages in terms of age associated with some psycho-social problems, the results of the investigation revealed that among Africans, developmental stages are described in terms of the child=s readiness, and that no indication of the presence of psycho- social problems was found. This, it would seem, does not necessarily mean that traditional African children do not experience psychological problems. Instead, it suggests that there are other methods of dealing with these psychological problems, which this study did not reveal. This raises the need to explore the developmental stages and their psychological effects among African children by using a larger sample than the one used in this study. Another distinction is that the definition of various stages is based on cultural values. While Erikson emphasizes the importance of concepts such as competition, independence and egoism, Africans tend to put more emphasis on cooperation, inter-dependence and altruism respectively. Lastly, among Africans, each stage is characterized by rituals and ceremonies. These are meant to mark the beginning or the end of a particular stage or phase, thereby psychologically preparing the individual to adjust to the new position. Erikson=s stages of development seem to have ignored the importance of rituals in the various developmental stages. Therefore, his theory can not be said to be universally applicable.

<p>I denna uppsats har jag valt att studera självstärkande inslag i förskoleverksamhetens vardag och knyta an dessa till teoretiker som Erikson, Maslow samt Sommer. Undersökningen är baserad på tidigare forskning, ovan nämnda teoretiker samt en enkätundersökning. Enkätundersökningen genomfördes på en förskola med 16 pedagoger och kan därför ses som en grund för ett vidare forskningsarbete. Studien visade att det vanligaste sättet att stärka barnens självkänsla var att låta dem försöka själva innan de fick hjälp av någon vuxen, uppmuntra dem att försöka på nytt samt att ge positiv respons när de lyckades. Jag fann av svaren flest anknytningar till Maslow samt Sommer, endast några inslag kunde knytas till Erikson.</p><p>In this examination I’ve chosen to look at educationalists work procedures around children’s self-esteem and how to connect those procedures with theorists as Erikson, Maslow and Sommer. This examination is based on previous research, the theorists mentioned above and questionnaires. The questionnaires were carried out in a preschool with 16 educationalists and can therefore be seen as a base for future examinations. The study showed that the most common way of strengthen children’s self-esteem is to let them try by them selves before any help from an educationalist, encourage them to try again and to give them positive response whenever progress was made. Through the questionnaires I found only a few associations to Erikson but more to Maslow and Sommers.</p>

I denna uppsats har jag valt att studera självstärkande inslag i förskoleverksamhetens vardag och knyta an dessa till teoretiker som Erikson, Maslow samt Sommer. Undersökningen är baserad på tidigare forskning, ovan nämnda teoretiker samt en enkätundersökning. Enkätundersökningen genomfördes på en förskola med 16 pedagoger och kan därför ses som en grund för ett vidare forskningsarbete. Studien visade att det vanligaste sättet att stärka barnens självkänsla var att låta dem försöka själva innan de fick hjälp av någon vuxen, uppmuntra dem att försöka på nytt samt att ge positiv respons när de lyckades. Jag fann av svaren flest anknytningar till Maslow samt Sommer, endast några inslag kunde knytas till Erikson. In this examination I’ve chosen to look at educationalists work procedures around children’s self-esteem and how to connect those procedures with theorists as Erikson, Maslow and Sommer. This examination is based on previous research, the theorists mentioned above and questionnaires. The questionnaires were carried out in a preschool with 16 educationalists and can therefore be seen as a base for future examinations. The study showed that the most common way of strengthen children’s self-esteem is to let them try by them selves before any help from an educationalist, encourage them to try again and to give them positive response whenever progress was made. Through the questionnaires I found only a few associations to Erikson but more to Maslow and Sommers.