The local to global crisis facing society and the need for sustainable development has provided the impetus for this research study based on education for sustainable development (ESD). Education is often viewed as a tool for sustainable development. However, at present, it arguably reinforces inequalities and unsustainable development. This research study therefore seeks to help analyse and address this paradox in education. It focuses on the research and development of a humanities curriculum for sustainable development in a secondary school in London. It follows the journey of a group of teachers who try and bring about change through the curriculum and explores and examines the opportunities, challenges and outcomes of the curriculum activity. The main theoretical framework used in this research study is Activity Theory. This study argues that Activity Theory, based on the Vygotskian concept of unity between consciousness and activity, shares many philosophical underpinnings with education for sustainable development. The study argues that Activity Theory's expansive and holistic qualities mean that it not only has the potential to act as an effective tool to analyse the curriculum activity system but also the potential to act as a tool for learning and change. The main methodology used for the research study was loosely based on development work research (DWR). DWR applies Activity Theory in a practical and participatory manner. DWR allowed for the teachers involved in this research activity to act as research participants, with myself as the main facilitator of the change process. Through the DWR sessions the teachers were able to critically discuss research findings, examine contradictions and tensions within and beyond the curriculum activity system and identify tools that may mediate and reorientate the curriculum towards sustainable development. 14 Overall, this study shows that Activity Theory and the DWR sessions did provide an effective means to research and develop a humanities CSD. They enabled the teachers and myself to deconstruct the humanities curriculum activity system and expand this system so it became more orientated towards sustainable development. It is hoped that this research study has not only led to positive change within the local empirical field but also contributed to the more general theoretical field. The wider implication of the study suggests that greater links between ESD and AT can be of mutual benefit to each field. ESD and SD can provide the rationale for AT and help AT move more closely back to its Marxist roots, while AT has the potential to strengthen the theoretical underpinnings of ESD and act as a vehicle for change.

Práce pojednává o regulaci reklamy v Evropské unii prostřednictvím soudních a etických institucí. Mimo jiné tato práce odpovídá na otázku, jakým dílem přispívají k řešení klamavých reklam soudy a jakým dílem etické instituce.

No description available.

No description available.

Non-evaporable getters (NEG) are widely used in ultra high vacuum (UHV) systems for particle accelerators to assure distributed pumping speed. By heating the NEG to an activation temperature, the oxide layer on the surface dissolves into the material, leaving a clean (activated) surface. The activated NEG surface is capable of chemisorbing most of the residual gases present in a UHV system and will act as a vacuum pump. NEG can be sputter deposited on the inner wall of vacuum chambers, turning the whole wall from a source of gas into a pump. At the largest particle accelerator in the world, the Large Hadron Collider, more than 6 km of beam pipe has been NEG coated. In this work, a DC magnetron sputtering system dedicated for coating cylindrical vacuum chambers with NEG has been assembled, installed and commissioned. The system has been used to do NEG depositions on inner walls of vacuum chambers. The vacuum performance of the coating has been measured in terms of pumping speed, electron stimulated desorption and activation temperature. In addition, the thin film composition and morphology has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The work has resulted in an operational DC magnetron sputtering system, which can be used for further studies of NEG materials and compositions.

In this work, based on both experimental and theoretical approach, the contact ESD behavior on a PCB circuit is investigated. The discharge mechanisms of ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) phenomena are discussed by both practical measurement and mathematic analysis. Simplified mathematic models include CR-R¡BCR-C and CR-L are proposed to explain the low frequency phenomena of ESD discharge events. Moreover, some experimental setups with good repeatability are demonstrated for measuring the ESD-induced noise on high-speed PCB and some countermeasures are suggested to reduce ESD damage.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samhällskunskapslärares prioriteringar i valet av undervisningsinnehåll och undervisningsmetoder i ESD och att relatera dessa till de undervisningsprinciper som tidigare forskning synliggjort. Frågeställningarna som studien utgick från att besvara var: ”Hur tolkar och uppfattar lärare begreppet hållbar utveckling och ESD?”, ”Varför anser lärare att det är viktigt/mindre viktigt med ESD?”, ”Vad beskriver lärare att de inkluderar i ESD i samhällskunskapsundervisningen?” samt ”Vilka undervisningsmetoder beskriver lärare att de använder sig av i ESD i samhällskunskapsundervisningen?”. För att undersöka detta gjordes en intervjustudie med sex verksamma samhällskunskapslärare i en större stad i Mellansverige. Studiens resultat synliggjorde flera faktorer som påverkar lärarnas didaktiska val i ESD. Fortbildning, arbetslivserfarenhet, kunskap om olika aspekter av hållbar utveckling, vilka utbildningsfilosofier lärarna är utbildade inom, tid, kursplaner, skolledning och ämnesintegrerad undervisning utgör alla faktorer som på ett eller annat sätt tycks påverka den ESD-undervisning som lärarna bedriver och vilka perspektiv på hållbar utveckling som inkluderas och exkluderas.

Le cadre de cette étude se focalise sur le développement de protections contre les décharges électrostatiques (ESD) externes aux composants électroniques à protéger. Pour des raisons applicatives, ou l'encombrement devient une préoccupation majeure, ces protections ESD doivent répondre à des contraintes de taille toujours plus difficiles à satisfaire tout en gardant les mêmes performances en robustesse. Ce travail présente un nouveau concept de structure de protection ESD bidirectionnel basé sur une technologie industrielle originellement dédié à la réalisation de capacités à haute densité d'intégration. Le procédé technologique possède une étape de fabrication de tranchées profonde qui est mise à profit dans cette étude pour la réalisation de diodes tridimensionnelles. L'optimisation de la configuration de ces structure a été menée par une étude théorique à l'aide des outils de simulation TCAD afin de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement physique et d'apporter des règles de conception. De nombreux résultats expérimentaux sont présentés et des comparaisons seront également menées afin de quantifier l'apport de cette nouvelle technologie. La meilleure configuration permet de garantir une réduction de 25% de la taille des structures tout en garantissant un niveau de robustesse élevé. / As part of this study focuses on the development of external protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) to the electronic components to protect. For many applicative reasons where taken area becomes a major concern, the ESD protection must meet size constraints increasingly difficult to satisfy while keeping the same performance in robustness. This work presents a new concept of bi-directional ESD protection structure based on industrial technology originally dedicated to achieving high-density integration capabilities. The technological process has a deep trench production step which is used in this study for the realization of three-dimensional diodes. Optimizing configuration of the structure was conducted by a theoretical study using TCAD simulation tools to better understand the physical functioning and provide design rules. Many experimental results are presented and comparisons will also be conducted to quantify the contribution of this new technology. The best configuration ensures a 25% reduction in the size of structures while ensuring a high level of robustness.

Rivulus marmoratus (Cyprinodont; Aplochelidae) is the only vertebrate known to reproduce by obligate internal self-fertilization. Selfing is the ultimate form of inbreeding and leads to virtual homozygosity in approximately ten generations, so that this mode of reproduction is effectively clonal. Populations of this species consist of arrays of homozygous clones, with high clonal diversity and low representation of each clone. Males occur at low frequency (<1%) in most populations, with a few notable exceptions. Females have never been recorded.High frequencies of males have been reported on two occasions; high numbers of males were reported on the island of Curacao in the 1970's, and males comprised up to 24% of the populations sampled on several Belize Cays during 1990-91. Hermaphrodites collected from one island, Twin Cays, proved to be heterozygous at mini-satellite loci when progeny tested and DNA fingerprinted. This was evidence that recent outcrossing had occurred.Earlier experiments with Floridian clonal lines had suggested that sex in this species was thermolabile; incubation of embryos at low temperatures (19° C)) produced up to 100% males. It was suggested that this might be part of an environmental sex determination (ESD) system in this species.If the induction of males is indeed part of and ESD in this species, then it may be that the temperature at which males are induced in a particular clone will be related to the temperature regime that clone encounters in nature. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the temperature at which males are induced would be related to the geographic origin of each clone, so that clones from the cooler extremes of the range would produce males at a lower threshold temperature than clones from the more equatorial center of the range. This study used laboratory reared descendants of clones from Vero Beach, Florida, Rio de Janiero, Brazil (the extreme north and south of the range), and from several Belize barrier islands and the Belize mainland (near the center of the range) in an effort to detect differences in the production of males between clonal lines based on their geographic origin. Eggs were collected from these hermaphrodites and incubated at 26° C)C, 22.5° C), or 19 ° C), representing normal, and below average temperatures for this species. These embryos were hatched and reared to sexual maturity at which time their sex was evaluated.Incubation at 26° C) resulted in 2-17% males, incubation at 22.5° C) resulted in 6-53% males, and incubation at 19° C) resulted in 47-74% males. However, the variation in male induction between clonal lines did not correspond to a geographic hypothesis.Also, significant numbers of deformed individuals were noted, particularly among individuals incubated at the lower two temperatures. Incubation at 26° C) resulted in 0-24% deformed, incubation at 22.5° C) resulted in 6-66% deformed, and incubation at 19° C) resulted in 36-87% deformed. It is clear that development at these lower temperatures is difficult for this species, and it may be that low temperature developmental stress is not a general challenge to this species. / Master of Science

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva hur undervisning för hållbar utveckling framställs inom forskning. Då mänskligheten står inför stora utmaningar i form av miljöförändringar och dess konsekvenser så behöver människor bli medvetna om hur de kan vara med och påverka. De behöver få verktyg som hjälper dem att fatta beslut som bidrar till minskad miljöpåverkan och minskade konsekvenser för samhället. En väg till att förmedla kunskap om hur man kan leva hållbart är genom skolans utbildning.  Med hjälp av denna litteraturstudie vill vi få svar på hur man enligt forskning kan undervisa för hållbar utveckling och vad som anses vara syftet med undervisningen. Litteraturen som denna studie grundar sig på består av tio stycken vetenskapliga tidskriftsartiklar, varav majoriteten utgår från en svensk kontext.  En litteraturstudie om undervisningens syfte och innehåll i grundskolan. Resultatet utifrån det analyserade materialet visar att det finns tre selektiva miljöundervisningstraditioner (faktabaserat, normerade, pluralistisk) som är återkommande, inom dessa har man olika syn på syftet med undervisning för hållbar utveckling. En aspekt som framkommer från flera forskare i vår studie är att en kombination av dessa traditioner ses som en bra strategi genom exempelvis ett ämnesöverskridande arbetssätt. Vi väljer att benämna detta som en holistisk syn på undervisningstraditionerna.