Magistro darbe nagrinėjama romėnų, Lietuvos ir užsienio valstybių teisėje egzistuojanti daikto samprata, daiktų skirstymas į pagrindinius ir antraeilius apskritai bei konkrečios antraeilių daiktų rūšys: esminės pagrindinio daikto dalys, vaisiai, produkcija, pajamos ir priklausiniai. Magistro darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo išanalizuoti Lietuvos ir užsienio valstybių (Latvijos, Italijos, Kanados Kvebeko provincijos, Prancūzijos, Austrijos, Rusijos) teisinis reguliavimas, Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktika ir Lietuvos teisės mokslo darbai, susiję su daiktų skirstymu į pagrindinius ir antraeilius. Daugiausia praktinių Lietuvos teisės problemų yra susiję su priklausiniais ir esminėmis pagrindinio daikto dalimis, o su vaisiais, produkcija ir pajamomis siejama daugiau teorinio pobūdžio probleminiai klausimai. Magistro darbe šių problemų analizė atliekama įvertinant galimų sprendimų teigiamas ir neigiamas pasekmes, atitikimą įstatymų leidėjo tikslams ir atsižvelgiant į teisės doktrinoje pateikiamas nuomones bei jas palaikančius argumentus. / This paper analyses the conception of things, the classification of principal and auxiliary things generally and particular kinds of auxiliary things (essential parts of principal things, fruit, production, income and appurtenances) in Roman, Lithuanian and foreign countries’ law. Legal regulation of Lithuania and foreign countries (Latvia, Italy, Quebec province of Canada, France, Austria Russia), the practice of Lithuanian Supreme Court and Lithuanian legal doctrine, concerned with principal and auxiliary things, was analysed in order to achieve the purpose of this paper. The most part of practical problems of Lithuanian law are concerned with appurtenances and essential parts of principal things. Fruit, production and income usually are concerned with theoretical problems. Their analysis is based on evaluation of possible positive and negative effects, correspondence to purposes of legislator and correspondence to legal doctrine.

Nowadays children’s intellectual education is in a rush, and education of feelings, culture, and willpower are forgotten. Parents and teachers hope, that child will go to school with elements of reading, writing and calculation. That held up research’s problem - “preparation” for school, the most parents and teachers understand it like possession of specific skills: reading, writing and calculation. Children’s individual exigency are depreciated, all are oriented to result, but not to process. If we can accept, that childhood’s artistic self-expression, drawing – that’s natural ways to recognize the world, children’s creation reflects various aspects of ripeness, the game, art develops self-image, drawing is one of the earlier communication’s forms, we can affirm, that children’s art can be analyzing as way of cognition, the spread of communicational and social skills, that is like education of essential competences. Object of research – education of preschoolers’ essential competences. Hypothesis of research – if we think, that education with art includes new forms of child’s activities, brings up new purposes, requirements, gives for child proper means to achieve these purposes, it is impossible, that in this way will be educated child’s essential competences. Purpose of research – to uncover possibilities of art activity in order to refine preschoolers’ essential competences (social, keeping health, communication, cognition, artistic). Problems of research: with help of... [to full text]

Sudarydami sandorius asmenys siekia tam tikro teisinio rezultato: sukurti naujas, pakeisti ar panaikinti turimas civilines teises ir pareigas. Laisva asmenų valia ir sutikimas su visomis konkretaus sandorio sąlygomis yra esminė kiekvieno sandorio galiojimo prielaida. Tačiau tai yra tik siekiamybė, kadangi praktikoje ne visuomet ir ne visi sandoriai sudaromi esant teisingai išreikštai šalių valiai dėl sandorio objekto, terminų, atlygintinumo, sandorio įvykdymo pobūdžio ar kitų būtinųjų sąlygų. Nors kiekviena demokratinė teisinė valstybė įstatymais ir kitais teisės aktais stengiasi užtikrinti sandorių bei tarp sandorio šalių susiklosčiusių civilinių teisinių santykių stabilumą, ji taip pat privalo nustatyti sąlygas, kuriomis šalis, sandoriu neišreiškusi tikrosios savo valios ar išreiškusi ją klaidingai, įgyja teisę visiškai ar iš dalies atsisakyti ir paties sandorio, ir iš jo kylančių teisių bei pareigų. Tiek civilinės teisės tradicijos valstybėse, tiek ir bendrosios teisės tradicijos valstybėse tarp tokių sandorio pripažinimo negaliojančiu pagrindų kaip apgaulė, prievarta, asmens neveiksnumas, įgaliojimų viršijimas bei kitų yra ir vienos ar abiejų sandorio šalių suklydimas. Kaip ir kitų sandorio pripažinimo negaliojančiu pagrindų atveju, taip ir esant suklydimui, teismo sprendimas priklauso ne tik nuo teisingo faktinių aplinkybių nustatymo ir įvertinimo, bet ir nuo tinkamo aktualių teisės normų išaiškinimo bei pritaikymo. Suklydimo doktriną ir jos sąsają su sandorių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / When entering into contracts persons expect some kind of legal result: either to create new civil rights and duties, or to change or withdraw those they already have. Free will of the persons and consent towards all provisions set out in a particular contract is the essence of the validity of that contract. However, it can only be considered to be an aim, whereas in practice not each and every contract is concluded having as a pre-condition correctly expressed will with regard to the object, terms, nature of execution or other material provisions of the contract. Even though each democratic judicial state is aiming at securing the stability of contracts, civil rights and duties of persons, it also has to determine rules when and under what conditions persons having mistakenly expressed their will are entitled to fully or partially rescind the contract as well as rights and duties arising out of it. Both, civil law countries and common law countries among such grounds as fraud, duress, incapability, entitling one to make the contract voidable, also have a ground called mistake, whether it be unilateral or mutual. Law with regard to doctrine of mistake is very complex and not always clear. Courts not just have to interpret and apply those unclear laws correctly, they also have to find the balance between two conflicting basic statutory principles: principle stating that “contract is valuable, therefore if there is a possibility not to declare it invalid, it should be left as... [to full text]

West-countries museums, which had represented the traditional, historical and national values, have transformed since 1980 extending the range and character of their activities. Such transformations in Lithuania started in 1990, after regaining Lithuania independence. The museums, along with representation of „high level“ culture, started to take part in the processes of contemporary and popular culture, and the range of their activities started to vary a lot. The needs of museum visitors became one of the main issue. Anyway, the issues of interaction and relationship between museums and community, the analysis of museums sociocultural activities still remain very important problem requiring deeper studies. This study investigates municipality museums sociocultural activities. The study focuses on conceptualization of such activities, the interaction between museums and regional communities which is understood by meeting sociocultural needs of the visitors. This research project includes four pats. First three parts presents literature analysis: the theoretical basis of museums sociocultural activities, museums-community relationship peculiarities and general museums policy in Lithuania in 1990 – 2004. The fourth part includes the investigation of museums sociocultural activities in community from the visitor’s point of view. The following museums were included in the study: Panevėžys country, Biržai, Kupiškis, Pasvalys and Rokiškis municipality museums. 136 visitors... [to full text]