Mammalian estrogens and estrogen-like compounds known as xeno-estrogens are being found in and excreted into the environment in ever increasing amounts. The xeno-estrogen DDE has been found at high concentrations of 1-5 mg/kg of soil (Aislabie et. al, 1997). These estrogens and xeno-estrogens are having a devastating effect on animal-life, yet little is known or understood on the effects of estrogens on plant-life. Thus it is important to determine what effects (if any) estrogens may have on plants. Other research has shown that estrogen has an effect on plants grown in vitro (Janeczko and Skoczowski, 2005). This research aims to help increase the amount of information on what effects estrogens may have on plants. In this study, the effects of mammalian estrogens (17-β-estradiol, estrone and estriol) on the growth and tuberization of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv 'Iwa') grown in liquid tissue culture medium are presented. It was found that at even 0.1 mg/L of estrogen, root growth of the plants was diminished and at 10 mg/L of estrogen, plant deformity was apparent and callus growth induced. Acid phosphatase activity of the plants was increased with the addition of 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L of estrogen but then decreased with the addition of 10 mg/L of estrogen. Tuber production was slightly reduced in plants treated with estrogen compared to the control.

Orientador: Liliane Lazzari Albertin / Resumo: A situação de escassez de recursos financeiros destinados ao tratamento e coleta de esgotos municipais, no Brasil, torna essencial a busca por tecnologias de tratamento que priorizem baixos custos de instalação e operação. Além da negligência que existe no tratamento de esgotos, os métodos utilizados, muitas vezes, não são capazes de remover os micropoluentes que estão presentes nos esgotos domésticos. Os micropoluentes podem ser desde fármacos, que são expelidos na urina ou descartados de maneira inadequada, a hormônios naturais ou sintéticos. Esse trabalho consistiu em realizar um processo de polimento do esgoto sanitário da cidade de Ilha Solteira – SP. O sistema de polimento é constituído por dois tanques, onde foi cultivada a macrófita Landoltia punctata. Foi também avaliado e feito a recirculação do efluente, no tratamento de esgoto. Neste sistema de polimento, foram avaliadas as eficiências de tratamento para os parâmetros de DBO, DQO, NT, NO3-, PT e ST. As maiores eficiências de remoção para DBO, DQO, NT, NO3-, PT e ST foram de 66,35%, 59,08%, 26,76%, 28,38%, 6,85% e 40,08%. Outro aspecto avaliado foi a taxa de crescimento da macrófita cultivada em esgoto sanitário. As maiores taxas de crescimento relativo foram de 3,84 e 3,17 g.m-2.d-1 MS. Considerando a presença de desreguladores endócrinos (DEs) no efluente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) de Ilha Solteira, foi analisado a absorção dos estrógenos 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2) e o estriol (E3) pela macrófita, av... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The scarcity of financial resources for the treatment and collection of municipal wastewater in Brazil makes search for treatment technologies essential with low installation and operation costs. In addition, the methods used are often not able to remove the micropollutants that are present in domestic sewage. Micropollutants can range from drugs that are expelled in the urine or inappropriately discarded to natural or synthetic hormones. This work consisted of a process to polishing the sanitary sewage of the city of Ilha Solteira - SP. The treatment system consists of two tanks, where the macrophyte Landoltia punctata was grown. In one of the tanks, a recirculation system was performed. In this polishing system, the treatment efficiencies for the BOD, COD, TN, NO3-, TP and ST parameters were evaluated. The highest removal efficiencies for BOD, COD, TN, NO3-, TP and ST were 66,35%, 59,08%, 26,76%, 28,38%, 6,85% and 40,08%. Another aspect evaluated was the growth rate of the macrophyte. The highest relative growth rates were 3.84 and 3.17 g.m-2.d-1 MS. Considering the presence of endocrine disrupters (DEs) in the effluent from the Sewage Treatment Plant (ETE) in Ilha Solteira - SP, 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) were analyzed on the plant to evaluate possible risks on the reuse of the biomass. The maximum achieved efficiencies for removal of E3 and EE2 were 83.63% and 83.50%, respectively. The recirculation tank was more effective at removing E3, while the non-r... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Mammalian estrogens and estrogen-like compounds known as xeno-estrogens are being found in and excreted into the environment in ever increasing amounts. The xeno-estrogen DDE has been found at high concentrations of 1-5 mg/kg of soil (Aislabie et. al, 1997). These estrogens and xeno-estrogens are having a devastating effect on animal-life, yet little is known or understood on the effects of estrogens on plant-life. Thus it is important to determine what effects (if any) estrogens may have on plants. Other research has shown that estrogen has an effect on plants grown in vitro (Janeczko and Skoczowski, 2005). This research aims to help increase the amount of information on what effects estrogens may have on plants. In this study, the effects of mammalian estrogens (17-β-estradiol, estrone and estriol) on the growth and tuberization of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv 'Iwa') grown in liquid tissue culture medium are presented. It was found that at even 0.1 mg/L of estrogen, root growth of the plants was diminished and at 10 mg/L of estrogen, plant deformity was apparent and callus growth induced. Acid phosphatase activity of the plants was increased with the addition of 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L of estrogen but then decreased with the addition of 10 mg/L of estrogen. Tuber production was slightly reduced in plants treated with estrogen compared to the control.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Current water treatment technologies do not remove many endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) such as 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in its entirety, and the amount of these pollutants that continues to enter the aquatic environment through wastewater effluents is still capable of causing harmful health effects. Therefore the development of simpler and more sensitive biosensor system for detection of EE2 must be developed which have high responsiveness, low cost and easy handling. Therefore the aim of this study was to work towards the development of rapid test system of polyaniline-laccase on gold enzyme nanobiosensor (PANI-PSSA/Lac/Glu) for water estrogens. Preliminary studies were first done on the materials used in this study: estrogens, laccase, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and electropolymerized PANI-PSSA. Laccase was shown to be active towards EE2 and the enzyme could be stored for over three months. EE2 solution also could be used for over three months. Buffer used in this study was found to be suitable. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was a suitable electrolyte than hydrochloric acid (HCl) to be used for the electropolymerization of aniline and was used because it has same ions as the McIlvaine buffer (McIlB) which the post-deposition CVs indicated the formation of electrochemically very stable film. AuNPs were successfully synthesized and its size was identified to be less than 22 nm. McIlB used for testing electrochemical properties of AuNP. CVs of GC/PANI-PSSA and GC/PANIPSSA/ Au showed no difference before and after exposure to aq. EE2 solution, an indication of being re-usable and could also serve as stable immobilising platform in laccase biosensor. When interrogating with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of both GC/PANI-PSSA and GC/PANI-PSSA/Lac/Glu showed an average increase by about 2.4% and 21% before and after exposure of EE2, respectively. This shows that the GC/PANI-PSSA/Lac/Glu was a functional EE2 biosensor and showing a positive step towards achieving a re-usable biosensor for EE2 as a model water estrogen. Future work Page | vi will focus on exploring different ways of improving the biosensor’s surface regeneration and its sensitivity to EE2.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-06-26T00:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eliziana_santana_gomes.pdf: 3970415 bytes, checksum: 2481c11516ababe53f6e97ce77e43efc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-18T12:49:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eliziana_santana_gomes.pdf: 3970415 bytes, checksum: 2481c11516ababe53f6e97ce77e43efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T12:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eliziana_santana_gomes.pdf: 3970415 bytes, checksum: 2481c11516ababe53f6e97ce77e43efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O estriol (C18H24O3, denominado E3) ? o principal esteroide estrog?nico produzido na gravidez. O uso do estriol ? comum para o tratamento da menopausa como alternativa ao 17?- estradiol, estrona ou a uma combina??o destes dois f?rmacos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o perfil voltam?trico do estriol utilizando a voltametria c?clica e desenvolver uma metodologia para a sua determina??o em comprimidos e urina utilizando a voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV) e o eletrodo de carbono v?treo modificado com um filme de polimetionina e cobalto. Os resultados mostraram que em solu??o de tamp?o fosfato a 0,1 mol L-1 (pH 7,0) o E3 oxidou irreversivelmente no potencial de +0,58V, apresentando uma boa defini??o do pico. A curva anal?tica para o E3 foi linear no intervalo de concentra??o de 0,60 ?mol L-1 ? 4,76 ?mol L-1 (R2 = 0,996) e 5,66 ?mol L-1 ? 9,90 ?mol L-1 (R2 = 0,994), com limites de detec??o e de quantifica??o iguais a 3,40x10-8 mol L-1 e 1,13 x 10-7 mol L-1, respectivamente. A precis?o foi avaliada atrav?s de an?lises voltam?tricas do estriol realizadas em um mesmo dia e em dias diferentes e apresentaram desvios padr?es relativos (RSD) inferiores a 5,0%, mostrando que o m?todo desenvolvido ? preciso. Os estudos sobre interferentes mostraram que as subst?ncias presentes nas amostras de comprimido (lactose, estearato de magn?sio e amido) ou urina (?cido ?rico, ?cido asc?rbico e ?cido c?trico) n?o interferiram de maneira significativa na determina??o do E3. Al?m disso, o m?todo desenvolvido foi comparado estatisticamente com um m?todo citado na farmacop?ia atrav?s do teste-t e do teste-F. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de t e F calculados foram menores do que os valores de t e F cr?ticos, indicando que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre os m?todos. A exatid?o do m?todo foi avaliada tamb?m por estudos de adi??o e recupera??o. As recupera??es do E3 variaram de 97,7 ? 100,9% para a formula??o farmac?utica e 99,0 ? 100,9% para a urina, indicando que n?o houve efeitos de interfer?ncia de matriz significativos e que o m?todo apresenta boa exatid?o. Desta forma, a valida??o da metodologia desenvolvida demonstrou que o m?todo proposto pode ser aplicado com sucesso na determina??o do E3 em medicamentos e urina humana. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The estriol (C18H24O3, named as E3) is the main estrogenic steroid produced during pregnancy. The E3 is used to treatment of menopause as an alternative for 17?-estradiol, estrone or a combination of both. The main goal of this work was to study the voltammetric profile of E3 using cyclic voltammetry in order to develop a methodology for its determination in tablets and urine using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the glass carbon electrode modified with a film of polymethionine and cobalt. The results showed that the E3 was oxidized at + 0.58V in a 0.1 molL-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), giving a good peak definition. The analytical curve for E3 was linear in the concentration range of 0.60 ?molL-1 ? 4.76 ?molL-1 (R2 = 0.996) and 5.66 ?molL-1 ? 9.90 ?molL- 1 (R2 = 0.994 with lmits of detection and quantification of 3.40x10-8 molL-1 and 1.13x10-7 molL-1, respectively. The precision was evaluated by recording voltammograms of E3 on the same or different day. The relative standard deviations were lower than 5.0% for each test, indicating that the developed method has good precision. The interfering study showed that the tested substances do not interfered significantly in the determination of E3, as for both tablets (lactose, magnesium stearate and starch) or urine test (uric acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid). Furthermore, the developed method was compared to the suggested method from American Pharmacopoeia using the t-test and the F-test. The results showed that the calculated values of t and F were lower than their critical values, indicating no significant statistical difference between the methods. The accuracy of the method was also evaluated by studies of addition and recovery. The recovery of E3 ranged from 97.7 ? 100.9% for the pharmaceutical formulation and 99.0 ? 100.9% for the urine, indicating no significant effects of matrix interference and that the developed method presented accuracy. Thus, the validation of the developed methodology demonstrated that the proposed method can be applied successfully to the determination of E3 in drugs and human urine.

No description available.

A ocorrência de fármacos residuais no meio ambiente pode levar a efeitos adversos, tanto em organismos aquáticos como em terrestres. Os fármacos, tanto humanos como de uso veterinário, são absorvidos pelo organismo e estão sujeitos a reações metabólicas e, uma quantidade significativa dessas substâncias, tanto a original como seus metabólitos, são excretadas. Por não serem facilmente biodegradáveis, terem propriedades farmacológicas danosas quando administrados indevidamente, através de água contaminada, é crescente a preocupação com o destino destes fármacos residuais, principalmente com relação à avaliação de risco ambiental. A ocorrência destes resíduos, principalmente em águas superficiais e sistemas de abastecimento, vem sendo objeto de estudos em diversos países, principalmente na Europa. Por isso, a detecção, a eliminação e a investigação do destino destes compostos estrógenos em ecossistemas aquáticos têm tido prioridade na química ambiental. Estes produtos são encontrados nos corpos d\'água em baixas concentrações, de \'mü\'g L-1 a \'eta\'g L-1 e, mesmo assim, podem afetar os organismos por meio da bioacumulação. Estudos toxicológicos relacionados a efeitos crônicos em organismos expostos, são escassos. O objetivo do projeto foi adaptar e validar a metodologia analítica, e monitorar a presença de resíduos de hormônios nas águas dos Rios Corumbataí e Piracicaba e amostras de água de abastecimento da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de água bruta dos Rios Piracicaba e Corumbataí e água de abastecimento residencial da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, no período de novembro de 2007 a abril de 2009. Dentre os hormônios estudados estão o 17\'alfa\'-etinilestradiol (17\'alfa\'-EE2), 17\'beta\'-estradiol (17\'beta\'-E2) e estriol (E3). O método foi baseado na extração em fase sólida (SPE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC-DAD) / The occurrence of drug residues in the environment may lead to adverse effects, both on land and aquatic organisms. The drugs, for human and veterinary use, are absorbed by the organism and are subjected to metabolic reactions and a significant amount of these substances, both the original and its metabolites are excreted. By being not easily biodegradable and by having harmful pharmacological properties when administered through contaminated water, there is a growing concern about the fate of these residual drugs, especially in respect to the assessment of environmental risks. The occurrence of these residues, especially in surface Waters and water supplies has been the subject of studies in several countries, mainly in Europe. Therefore, detection, investigation and disposal of the fate of these estrogens compounds in aquatic ecosystems have a high priority in the field of environmental chemistry. These products are found in water bodies in low concentrations, from \'mü\'g L-1 a \'eta\'g L-1 and can still affect the organisms due to bioaccumulation. Toxicological studies related to chronic effects in the exposed organisms are scarce. The goals of this project was to adapt and validate the analytical methodology, and monitor the presence of hormone residues in the Waters of the Corumbataí and Piracicaba rivers and samples of water supply from the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. We collected samples of raw water from the rivers of Piracicaba and Corumbataí and residential water supply from the city of Piracicaba in the period November 2007 to April 2009. Among the hormones studied are the 17\'alfa\'-ethinylestradiol (17\'alfa\'-EE2), 17\'beta\'-estradiol (17\'beta\'-E2) and estriol (E3). The method is based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD)

A ocorrência de fármacos residuais no meio ambiente pode levar a efeitos adversos, tanto em organismos aquáticos como em terrestres. Os fármacos, tanto humanos como de uso veterinário, são absorvidos pelo organismo e estão sujeitos a reações metabólicas e, uma quantidade significativa dessas substâncias, tanto a original como seus metabólitos, são excretadas. Por não serem facilmente biodegradáveis, terem propriedades farmacológicas danosas quando administrados indevidamente, através de água contaminada, é crescente a preocupação com o destino destes fármacos residuais, principalmente com relação à avaliação de risco ambiental. A ocorrência destes resíduos, principalmente em águas superficiais e sistemas de abastecimento, vem sendo objeto de estudos em diversos países, principalmente na Europa. Por isso, a detecção, a eliminação e a investigação do destino destes compostos estrógenos em ecossistemas aquáticos têm tido prioridade na química ambiental. Estes produtos são encontrados nos corpos d\'água em baixas concentrações, de \'mü\'g L-1 a \'eta\'g L-1 e, mesmo assim, podem afetar os organismos por meio da bioacumulação. Estudos toxicológicos relacionados a efeitos crônicos em organismos expostos, são escassos. O objetivo do projeto foi adaptar e validar a metodologia analítica, e monitorar a presença de resíduos de hormônios nas águas dos Rios Corumbataí e Piracicaba e amostras de água de abastecimento da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de água bruta dos Rios Piracicaba e Corumbataí e água de abastecimento residencial da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, no período de novembro de 2007 a abril de 2009. Dentre os hormônios estudados estão o 17\'alfa\'-etinilestradiol (17\'alfa\'-EE2), 17\'beta\'-estradiol (17\'beta\'-E2) e estriol (E3). O método foi baseado na extração em fase sólida (SPE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC-DAD) / The occurrence of drug residues in the environment may lead to adverse effects, both on land and aquatic organisms. The drugs, for human and veterinary use, are absorbed by the organism and are subjected to metabolic reactions and a significant amount of these substances, both the original and its metabolites are excreted. By being not easily biodegradable and by having harmful pharmacological properties when administered through contaminated water, there is a growing concern about the fate of these residual drugs, especially in respect to the assessment of environmental risks. The occurrence of these residues, especially in surface Waters and water supplies has been the subject of studies in several countries, mainly in Europe. Therefore, detection, investigation and disposal of the fate of these estrogens compounds in aquatic ecosystems have a high priority in the field of environmental chemistry. These products are found in water bodies in low concentrations, from \'mü\'g L-1 a \'eta\'g L-1 and can still affect the organisms due to bioaccumulation. Toxicological studies related to chronic effects in the exposed organisms are scarce. The goals of this project was to adapt and validate the analytical methodology, and monitor the presence of hormone residues in the Waters of the Corumbataí and Piracicaba rivers and samples of water supply from the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. We collected samples of raw water from the rivers of Piracicaba and Corumbataí and residential water supply from the city of Piracicaba in the period November 2007 to April 2009. Among the hormones studied are the 17\'alfa\'-ethinylestradiol (17\'alfa\'-EE2), 17\'beta\'-estradiol (17\'beta\'-E2) and estriol (E3). The method is based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD)

Hormonaly active compounds in wastewaters represent nowdays a serious problem. Proceses currently used in watewater treatment plants (WWTP) are unefficient in removing these compounds from contaminated wastewaters. The compounds are supposed to sorb onto solid sludge elements and sediments. In this work seven endocrine disruptors were detected in the sludge samples from WWTPs. A new sensitive method for detection of seven selected endocrine disruptors (4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estriol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, 17α- ethynylestradiol, irgasan) was developed. The method is based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phased extraction. For final extract analysis, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used. The efficiency of this method was tested using artificially contaminated sludge and the method was used to analyse real samples from several WWTPs in Czech Republic. The effect of sludge age on detection of individual analytes was assessed as well. The concentrations of endocrine disruptors measured in the samples reached up to 1 µg/g. The results are comparable or higher then those reported in other works and they show the necessity of further research on endocrine disruptors in the environment.

No description available.