This thesis presents an online path planning algorithm developed for unmanned vehicles in charge of autonomous border patrol. In this Pursuit-Evasion game, the unmanned vehicle is required to capture multiple trespassers on its own before any of them reach a target safe house where they are safe from capture. The problem formulation is based on Isaacs’ Target Guarding problem, but extended to the case of multiple evaders. The proposed path planning method is based on Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) and is capable of producing trajectories within several seconds to capture 2 or 3 evaders. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the resulting trajectories approach the optimal solution produced by a nonlinear programming-based numerical optimal control solver. Experiments are also conducted on unmanned ground vehicles to show the feasibility of implementing the proposed online path planning algorithm on physical applications.

This thesis presents an online path planning algorithm developed for unmanned vehicles in charge of autonomous border patrol. In this Pursuit-Evasion game, the unmanned vehicle is required to capture multiple trespassers on its own before any of them reach a target safe house where they are safe from capture. The problem formulation is based on Isaacs’ Target Guarding problem, but extended to the case of multiple evaders. The proposed path planning method is based on Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) and is capable of producing trajectories within several seconds to capture 2 or 3 evaders. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the resulting trajectories approach the optimal solution produced by a nonlinear programming-based numerical optimal control solver. Experiments are also conducted on unmanned ground vehicles to show the feasibility of implementing the proposed online path planning algorithm on physical applications.

This study was undertaken to analyse the developments in the anti avoidance legislation over a five year period from 1 March 2006 to 28 February 2011. Emphasis were placed on describing the road from the old section 103 provisions leading to the new general anti avoidance rules (GAAR) as contained in sections 80A to 80L of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. The study began with a detailed analysis of the differences between tax evasion and tax avoidance based on definitions and interpretations by various courts. It then went further in chapter two to formulate an acceptable distinction between Tax evasion, Tax planning and impermissible tax avoidance as currently used by the South African Revenue Services (SARS). It appeared from the study that firstly, courts have historically reviewed the circumstances surrounding an arrangement when determining whether tax evasion has occurred. The new GAAR requires the individual steps of an arrangement to be reviewed in isolation. Secondly, the courts have historically held that the purpose test, when determining the taxpayer‘s purpose, was subjective. The wording of the new GAAR indicates that this test is now objective. Thirdly, the courts have historically viewed the abnormality of an arrangement based of the surrounding circumstances. The wording of the new GAAR requires an objective view of the arrangement. A comparison was made between countries that have adopted statutory GAAR with a view of understanding how they have applied these general anti avoidance provisions successfully to tax avoidance cases. This comparison revealed that there is an inconsistent application of these general anti avoidance provisions by different countries. Courts and administrators apply them differently, based on circumstances and the nature of avoidance. Lastly, it has been acknowledged that most avoidance schemes are very complex and their perpetrators are always on the look for gaps in tax systems, hence any avoidance legislation to effectively curb tax evasion will need to be revised on a regular basis. Therefore, the Commissioner would be expected to issue regular updates on anti avoidance provisions and latest developments in the form of interpretation and or practice notes. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

Vilken betydelse har inkomstskatter för ekonomiska beteenden? Hur påverkas ekonomiska beteenden av en skatteomläggning? Denna avhandling söker ge svar på båda dessa frågor. Den handlar främst om skattefusk och sparande. Den svenska inkomstbeskattningen ändras varje år. Ofta är det fråga om små ändringar. Ibland genomförs större ändringar – en skatteomläggning. En sådan genomfördes 1983-1985. I huvudsak innebar den sänkta marginalskatter och reducerade skattmässiga värden av avdrag. Skatteomläggningen har det uttalande syftet att stimulera sparande och arbete samt att bekämpa skattefusk, spekulation och inflation. Genom analyser av offentlig statistik och data från fyra intervjuundersökningar, genomförda 1982 - 1984, ger boken svar på mer specifika frågor som: Varför skattefuskar folk? Vilken roll spelar inkomstskatterna? Finns det olika typer av sparande som skiljer sig åt vad gäller sparbeteenden och reaktioner på sparstimulerande och andra ekonomiska åtgärder? Hur utvecklades inkomstskatterna, inkomsterna och det aggregerade hushållssparandet fram till och under 1982 års skatteomläggning? Hur utvecklades skattefusket, sparandet, andra ekonomiska beteenden och ekonomiska attityder under skatteomläggningens första hälft? Boken visar hur ekonomiska och psykologiska teorier och metoder kan kombineras för att besvara frågor som de ovan. I boken presenteras ett rikhaltigt såväl teoretisk som empiriskt material. Detta kan användas för att diskutera och bedöma tänkbara konsekvenser av kommande skatteomläggningar, andra ekonomisk-politiska åtgärder och åtgärder som t ex banker vidtar. Boken är av intresse både för praktiker och teoretiskt intresserade personer. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1991</p>

Thesis (Doktor)--Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-384).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-171).

University, Diss., 2004--Saarbrücken.

?rea de concentra??o: Educa??o e Gest?o de Institui??es Educacionais. / Linha de pesquisa: Avalia??o e tecnologia. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-02-05T19:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cacia_aparecida_campos.pdf: 1849862 bytes, checksum: 2343d8201706347310e74a481957bde5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T18:40:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cacia_aparecida_campos.pdf: 1849862 bytes, checksum: 2343d8201706347310e74a481957bde5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T18:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cacia_aparecida_campos.pdf: 1849862 bytes, checksum: 2343d8201706347310e74a481957bde5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Em 2007, foi criado pelo governo Lula, atrav?s do Decreto N? 6.096, o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestrutura??o e Expans?o das Universidades Federais (REUNI). Entre os objetivos do REUNI est?o a melhoria da qualidade de ensino interligando diferentes n?veis, diminuindo a evas?o e ampliando o acesso e a perman?ncia do aluno na educa??o superior. Em 2009 a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) adere ao REUNI e s?o criados tr?s institutos adotando o modelo interdisciplinar de ensino composto por tr?s ciclos, sendo o primeiro chamado de Bacharelados Interdisciplinares (BIs), o segundo composto por cursos profissionais em ?reas espec?ficas e o terceiro correspondendo a p?s-gradua??o. Ap?s concluir o primeiro ciclo, o estudante pode seguir para o segundo ciclo, prosseguir para o terceiro ciclo ou ir direto para o mercado de trabalho. Este novo modelo de ensino busca amenizar problemas como a evas?o, precocidade na escolha da carreira, e proporcionar ao aluno uma forma??o com uma vis?o mais ampla do mundo. O prop?sito da pesquisa foi analisar a evas?o nos BIs, Campus Diamantina, na forma??o do primeiro ciclo deste novo modelo de ensino, compreender os motivos que contribu?ram para a evas?o e apontar qual a percep??o discente sobre o funcionamento desta modalidade de ensino. Para a realiza??o do estudo foi aplicado um question?rio com cinquenta quest?es estruturadas e semiestruturadas com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil do aluno evadido e os motivos que o levaram a evadir. Outro question?rio com quinze quest?es foi aplicado aos docentes com o mesmo objetivo. Constatou-se diferen?as entre o perfil do aluno do Bacharelado em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia (BCT) que estuda per?odo integral e do Bacharelado em Humanidades (BHu) aluno do per?odo noturno. Durante a pesquisa observou-se que raz?es internas e externas podem estar relacionadas com os motivos que levaram os alunos a evadirem como a falta de infraestrutura, de assist?ncia estudantil da Universidade, falta de afinidade com o curso, dificuldades financeiras, incompatibilidade de hor?rio de trabalho com o estudo, entre outras quest?es. Observou-se tamb?m que ainda n?o houve uma varia??o nos ?ndices de evas?o esperado com esta nova modalidade de ensino, sendo as mesmas similares aos dos cursos tradicionais. Apesar da amplia??o das Universidades e da democratiza??o do ensino, a perman?ncia do aluno ainda n?o ? garantida. H? necessidade de implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas para diminuir o problema. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / In 2007, through the Decree N? 6,096, the Program to Support Restructuring and Expansion Plans of Federal Universities (REUNI) was created by the Lula government. REUNI's objectives include improving the quality of teaching by linking different levels, reducing dropout, and increasing student access and permanence in higher education. In 2009, the Federal University of Vouchers of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM) joins the REUNI and three institutes are created adopting the interdisciplinary model of education composed of three cycles, the first one being called Interdisciplinary Bachelor's (IBs), the second composed by professional courses in specific areas and the third corresponding to graduate studies. After completing the first cycle, the student can move on to the second cycle, move on to the third cycle or go straight to the job market. This new teaching model seeks to alleviate problems such as avoidance, precocity in career choice, and provide the student with training with a broader view of the world. The purpose of the research was to analyze the evasion in the BIs, Campus Diamantina, in the formation of the first cycle of this new model of education, to understand the reasons that contributed to the evasion and to point out the student perception about the functioning of this modality of education. To carry out the study, a questionnaire was applied with fifty questions structured and semi structured with the objective of knowing the profile of the student evaded and the reasons that led him to evade. Another questionnaire with fifteen questions was applied to teachers with the same objective. Differences were found between the profile of the student of the Bachelor of Science and Technology (BCT) who studies full-time and the Bachelor of Humanities (BHu) student of the night period. During the research it was observed that internal and external reasons may be related to the reasons that led the students to evade with the lack of infrastructure, university student assistance, lack of affinity with the course, financial difficulties, incompatibility of working hours with the study, among other issues. It was also observed that there was not yet a variation in the avoidance rates expected with this new modality of teaching, being the same similar to the traditional courses. Despite the expansion of universities and the democratization of education, the permanence of the student is not yet guaranteed. There is a need to implement public policies to reduce the problem.

O presente trabalho investigou o ProJovem Urbano, tendo como objetivo analisar como a evasão se torna um problema para o Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens. Desde sua implementação, em 2005, o ProJovem é apresentado como uma das principais iniciativas articuladas pela Política Nacional de Juventude para, dentre outros motivos, dar conta do grande número de jovens que estariam precocemente fora da escola. O ProJovem Urbano, uma das novas modalidades do programa que unificou outros projetos para juventude a partir de 2007, atende jovens de 18 a 29 anos, alfabetizados, mas que não concluíram o Ensino Fundamental. Apesar de configurar novas estratégias para reinserção escolar, o acompanhamento do ProJovem Urbano no município de Porto Alegre evidenciou que a grande desistência dos jovens atendidos adquire centralidade, mobilizando-se como problema a ser combatido pelos gestores e educadores. Nesse contexto, a partir dos referenciais de Michel Foucault, tomamos o procedimento genealógico como princípio analítico, apreendendo-o enquanto estratégia de pensamento. A partir do operador analítico “práticas”, domínio de análise Foucaulteana, buscamos desnaturalizar o conceito de evasão, problematizando como se constituem as práticas de criação, formação e implementação do ProJovem Urbano, que tornam a evasão um problema, no contexto do Município de Porto Alegre. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa consideramos documentos oficiais que compreendem o momento de elaboração e desenvolvimento do ProJovem Urbano; documentos do período em que as políticas públicas de juventude adquirem maior consistência no cenário nacional; diários de campo produzidos durante inserções realizadas em 3 núcleos do ProJovem Urbano em Porto Alegre; questionários respondidos por jovens atendidos pelo programa em 3 encontros de discussão; entrevistas com jovens, educadores e gestores envolvidos com a formação. Nossa análise remete que a evasão é produzida como problema na mediada em que as práticas de formação e criação do ProJovem Urbano são atravessadas por três eixos. A saber, a educação como meio de efetivar a cidadania e a inclusão social; como forma de proteção e controle sobre a vulnerabilidade; e como problema político condicionado ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Articulando efeitos de poder e jogos de verdade, ao prescrever modos de circulação dos jovens nos territórios sociais, estas práticas naturalizam o fracasso nas trajetórias juvenis, situando a evasão como problema também nas formas de gestão e no desenho das Políticas Públicas de Juventude. / This work investigated the program called ‘ProJovem Urbano’, analyzing how the evasion became a problem to the National Program for Youth Social Inclusion. Since its implementation in 2005, the ‘ProJovem’ program is presented as one of the greatest initiatives articulated by the National Youth Policy for, among other reasons, help the large number of young people prematurely out of school. The ‘ProJovem Urbano’, one of the new modalities of the program that unified other projects for youth since 2007, serves people from 18 to 29 years old, young literate people but that have not already completed de elementary school. Although new strategies for school reintegration were created, the monitoring of the ‘ProJovem Urbano’ in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, revealed that the large abandonment of youths attended in the program acquires centrality, mobilizing it as a problem to be solved by managers and teachers. In this context, based on Michel Foucault’s ideas, we took the genealogical procedure as an analytical principle, apprehending it as a strategy of thinking. From the analytical operator "practice", domain of Foucault’s analysis, we denaturalized the notion of evasion, discussing how are constituted the practices of creating, training and implementation of the ‘ProJovem Urbano’ that turn evasion a problem in the context of the Municipality of Porto Alegre. We considered official documents that comprise the moment of preparation and development of the ‘ProJovem Urbano’, documents of the period in which public policies for youth acquire greater consistency in the national scene, field journals produced during insertions performed in three centers of ‘ProJovem Urbano’ in Porto Alegre, questionnaires filled out by youth enrolled in the program in three discussion meetings and interviews with youth, teachers and managers involved with the education. Our analysis refers that the evasion is produced as a problem in the sense that the education practices and the creation of the ‘ProJovem Urbano Program’ are crossed by three axes: Namely, education as means of effecting social inclusion and citizenship; as a form of protection and control over the vulnerability and as a political problem associated to socioeconomic development. Articulating the effects of power and games of true and false, by prescribing modes of movement of young people in social territories, we notice practices that naturalize the failure in youth trajectories, setting the evasion as a problem also in management forms and to formulate Public Policies for Youth.

This diploma thesis concerns the criminal act of neglecting of compulsory nutrition according to § 196 of the criminal code. Its main focus is to comprise this area completely and complexly, furthermore to examine individual signs of facts of the case and to present them in a complex context of the law, especially in relation to the civil law, which firmly binds a rightful claim for nutrition. The work comprises seven chapters following in a logical order. The first chapter aims at current legislation, at legislation related to the claim for nutrition and at systematic classification of the criminal act of neglecting of compulsory nutrition. The following chapter analyses individual obligatory sings of the criminal gist, its subchapters study the object, the objective side, the perpetrator and the subjective side. The purpose of this part of the study is to outline the terminology used in § 196 of the criminal code. The third chapter presents the possibility of termination of criminal responsibility based on a special provision of effective regret. The work states conditions which need to be fulfiled to apply this principle, furthermore it clarifies possible doubts about application of § 197 of the criminal code. Imposing criminal sanctions is discussed in the fourth chapter. The diploma thesis...