The aim of the study was to examine what the economic and touristic impacts of the sports event - UEFA EURO 2012 - will have on Polish regions. The essay was limited to some specific regions in Poland. Those regions were Gniewino, Malbork, Kalisz, Legionowo, Pommerian Province, Cracow, Olsztyn and Zamosc. The Football Championships that will be held in 2012 are dependent of the big amount of football fans that will came and spend their money in Polish regions. Thanks to the increased consumption this creates demand for local services and products. The generator of spending is the tourism multiplier that is the main link to the touristic expenditure.The multiplier is a catalyst of the region that creates jobs, growing yield, promotion of the region and improvement of its infrastructure and leisure facilities. This is considered as an advantage from an economical and touristic point of view. The economical and tourstic benefits are different for every mentioned region in the study because of their location and link to the UEFA EURO 2012. This study shows only how the different eight regions prepare for the UEFA EURO 2012 and what they think that the negative and positive economical and touristic impacts will gain them. The study gives only a short brief of the football event of what can happen.

Many destinations throughout the world have developed events portfolios as a strategic initiative to attract tourists and their associated economic benefits. The ability of events to attract people to a destination for the purpose of attending the event is well documented. However the ability of an event to add value to attract tourists before or after the event is not so clear. In other words, can an events portfolio positively influence the decision to visit a destination at a time when none of the promoted events are scheduled? As a first step towards answering this important question, this study explores the contribution of an events portfolio to a consumer’s perceptions of a destination and how this influences their decision to attend a destination under these circumstances. The proposed study conducts a protocol analysis based on consumer’s decision-making thoughts. Each participant was given a choice between two destinations in India. Participants were asked to ‘think out loud’ as they made the decision to visit one of two possible destinations, one with an events portfolio and the other without. However, their visit does not coincide with the events’ dates. The results suggest four lines of reasoning utilised by prospective tourists in the destination choice process: 1) destination image; 2) the timing of the event with respect the time of visit; 3) tourists’ level of interest in the event; and, 4) events not listed in the events portfolio might be scheduled during the time of the proposed visit. In course of finding lines of reasoning for cross-cultural issues it was found that culture, architecture, English language usage, and food are the major aspects that tourists consider while travelling to Indian destinations. In terms of the events portfolio, there is evidence of a preference for a ‘fit’ between the event and Indian culture.

Many destinations throughout the world have developed events portfolios as a strategic initiative to attract tourists and their associated economic benefits. The ability of events to attract people to a destination for the purpose of attending the event is well documented. However the ability of an event to add value to attract tourists before or after the event is not so clear. In other words, can an events portfolio positively influence the decision to visit a destination at a time when none of the promoted events are scheduled? As a first step towards answering this important question, this study explores the contribution of an events portfolio to a consumer’s perceptions of a destination and how this influences their decision to attend a destination under these circumstances. The proposed study conducts a protocol analysis based on consumer’s decision-making thoughts. Each participant was given a choice between two destinations in India. Participants were asked to ‘think out loud’ as they made the decision to visit one of two possible destinations, one with an events portfolio and the other without. However, their visit does not coincide with the events’ dates. The results suggest four lines of reasoning utilised by prospective tourists in the destination choice process: 1) destination image; 2) the timing of the event with respect the time of visit; 3) tourists’ level of interest in the event; and, 4) events not listed in the events portfolio might be scheduled during the time of the proposed visit. In course of finding lines of reasoning for cross-cultural issues it was found that culture, architecture, English language usage, and food are the major aspects that tourists consider while travelling to Indian destinations. In terms of the events portfolio, there is evidence of a preference for a ‘fit’ between the event and Indian culture.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経営科学) / 甲第22817号 / 経営博第11号 / 新制||経営||2(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経営管理教育部経営科学専攻 / (主査)教授 若林 靖永, 教授 澤邉 紀生, 教授 若林 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Management Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The primary goal of the study was to identify key success factors for the management of wedding tourism in South Africa. This goal was achieved by firstly conducting a literature study to determine the key success factors of strategic management for special events as stated in books, articles and other sources. Secondly, wedding tourism was analysed to provide an overview of the wedding tourism industry and weddings as tourism products. Thirdly, the results of the empirical research were discussed followed by the conclusions and recommendations made with regard to further research. From the literature study, aspects regarding strategic management were discussed namely, the strategic management process, marketing for special events, human resource management, financial management and operational management. These aspects were included in the questionnaires for the empirical research. Two different questionnaires were developed, one for wedding planners and one for owners/managers of wedding venues in the Gauteng and North West provinces. The purpose of the questionnaires was to gather information on the key success factors for wedding tourism and to gain insight of the wedding tourism industry. Personal interviews were held with wedding planners and owners1 managers of wedding venues; questionnaires were also distributed via email. All the data was processed by the North-West University's Statistical Consultation Services. A confirmatory factor analysis was done to produce a small amount of factors. The following factors were identified: strategic planning; SWOT analysis, human resources, financial management, market segmentation, promotion and operational management. After analysing the data it was clear that operational services like ensuring high levels of hygiene, having a liquor license, accessibility, secure parking and that services must meet the needs of guests were considered extremely important aspects for a wedding venue. The following aspects were considered extremely important by wedding planners: services must meet the needs of guests, offer unique products and develop a checklist as control mechanism. Owners of wedding tourism products and wedding planners have to consider and apply the key success factors in order to grow the industry and create sustainable products. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlene Matias.pdf: 15419416 bytes, checksum: 957fef7c455a5eac735efcb637678aca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / The Universal Exhibition is a kind of mega event, which for its planning, organization and implementation, causes a number of political, economic, social and urban interventions in the host cities. After the events, these interventions stay available for the population and also to be used by the Tourism. The objective proposed by this study was to identify these interventions considered legacies, to categorize them and to verify that they are being utilized by the Tourism. The survey was conducted to search concerned answers as: why countries and/or cities are so committed to host this kind of event? Which legacy this kind of event leaves to the host cities? This legacy is related to the tourism industry? In order to find these answers, the research was structured in theoretical axes that showed how the activity/fair emerged, since its origin and evolution until being an universal exhibition, the institutionalization and the regulation of the universal exhibition; how is the planning, organization, conduction, closure and results of the universal exhibition, the possible legacies and their relations with Tourism. This made it possible to and the hypothesis that the legacy left by universal exhibition (registered) is being exploited by tourism or only by the event tourism. It was concluded that the universal exhibition always leaves some kind of legacy in the host cities, and, that its use by both the population and the tourism, depends on the destination that the social actor involved in organizing the event will give to these goods / As Exposições Universais são um tipo de megaevento, que para seu planejamento, organização e realização, provocam uma série de intervenções políticas, econômicas, sociais e urbanas, nas cidades sede. Após o seu acontecimento essas intervenções ficam à disposição da população e também para ser usufruída pelo Turismo. O objetivo proposto pelo trabalho foi identificar essas intervenções consideradas legados, categorizá-las e verificar se estão sendo aproveitadas pelo Turismo. A pesquisa foi realizada em busca de respostas para inquietudes, como: por que os países e/ou cidades sedes se empenham tanto para sediar esse tipo de evento? Quais os legados que esse tipo de evento deixa para as cidades sedes? Esses legados possuem alguma relação com a atividade turística? Para encontrar essas respostas a pesquisa foi estruturada em eixos teóricos que mostraram como a atividade-feira surgiu, desde sua origem e evolução até chegar às exposições universais; a institucionalização e regulamentação das exposições universais; como acontece o planejamento, a organização, a realização, o encerramento e os resultados das exposições universais; os possíveis legados e a suas relações com o turismo. Isso possibilitou responder a hipótese levantada se os legados deixados pelas exposições universais (registradas) estão sendo aproveitados pelo Turismo ou somente pelo Turismo de Eventos. Concluiu-se que as Exposições Universais sempre deixam algum tipo de legado nas cidades sede e, que o seu aproveitamento tanto pela população quanto pelo Turismo, dependerá do destino que os atores sociais envolvidos na organização do evento darão a esses bens

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlene Matias.pdf: 15419416 bytes, checksum: 957fef7c455a5eac735efcb637678aca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / The Universal Exhibition is a kind of mega event, which for its planning, organization and implementation, causes a number of political, economic, social and urban interventions in the host cities. After the events, these interventions stay available for the population and also to be used by the Tourism. The objective proposed by this study was to identify these interventions considered legacies, to categorize them and to verify that they are being utilized by the Tourism. The survey was conducted to search concerned answers as: why countries and/or cities are so committed to host this kind of event? Which legacy this kind of event leaves to the host cities? This legacy is related to the tourism industry? In order to find these answers, the research was structured in theoretical axes that showed how the activity/fair emerged, since its origin and evolution until being an universal exhibition, the institutionalization and the regulation of the universal exhibition; how is the planning, organization, conduction, closure and results of the universal exhibition, the possible legacies and their relations with Tourism. This made it possible to and the hypothesis that the legacy left by universal exhibition (registered) is being exploited by tourism or only by the event tourism. It was concluded that the universal exhibition always leaves some kind of legacy in the host cities, and, that its use by both the population and the tourism, depends on the destination that the social actor involved in organizing the event will give to these goods / As Exposições Universais são um tipo de megaevento, que para seu planejamento, organização e realização, provocam uma série de intervenções políticas, econômicas, sociais e urbanas, nas cidades sede. Após o seu acontecimento essas intervenções ficam à disposição da população e também para ser usufruída pelo Turismo. O objetivo proposto pelo trabalho foi identificar essas intervenções consideradas legados, categorizá-las e verificar se estão sendo aproveitadas pelo Turismo. A pesquisa foi realizada em busca de respostas para inquietudes, como: por que os países e/ou cidades sedes se empenham tanto para sediar esse tipo de evento? Quais os legados que esse tipo de evento deixa para as cidades sedes? Esses legados possuem alguma relação com a atividade turística? Para encontrar essas respostas a pesquisa foi estruturada em eixos teóricos que mostraram como a atividade-feira surgiu, desde sua origem e evolução até chegar às exposições universais; a institucionalização e regulamentação das exposições universais; como acontece o planejamento, a organização, a realização, o encerramento e os resultados das exposições universais; os possíveis legados e a suas relações com o turismo. Isso possibilitou responder a hipótese levantada se os legados deixados pelas exposições universais (registradas) estão sendo aproveitados pelo Turismo ou somente pelo Turismo de Eventos. Concluiu-se que as Exposições Universais sempre deixam algum tipo de legado nas cidades sede e, que o seu aproveitamento tanto pela população quanto pelo Turismo, dependerá do destino que os atores sociais envolvidos na organização do evento darão a esses bens

Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the social impact of arts festivals with reference to the ABSA KKNK. This goal was achieved by firstly analysing the social impact phenomena and the role thereof in events tourism. Secondly, a literature study was conducted in order to examine events as tourism products. Thirdly the results of the empirical research were discussed. Lastly conclusions were drawn from the research and recommendations were made with regard to the social impact of events as well as further research. From the literature, social impact was defined as the changes in the norms and values of society that are more apparent in the short-term. It was noted that when tourists vacate to a specific destination, visible impacts are noticed. Events can however provide employment opportunities, promote international peace and pride, as well as promote educational and cultural experiences but it can also lead to increased levels of irritation, crime, drug and alcohol abuse and cultural change. These positive and negative impacts were measured in the questionnaire, as adapted from Fredline and it was therefore the objective of the questionnaire to measure whether the community is positive or negative towards the festival, and whether there were any differences in the social impact when comparing the results of 2006 and 2007. The questionnaires were distributed in the community of Oudtshoorn based on a stratified sampling method followed by a random sampling method. A total of 444 questionnaires were completed, 179 in 2006 and 265 in 2007. On a positive note respondents agreed on the following aspects in 2006 and 2007: the public money spent on the ABSA KKNK would be better spent on other things, media coverage of the ABSA KKNK promotes development in Oudtshoorn and the basic skill base for event management in Oudtshoorn has increased. On a negative note respondents agreed on the following aspects in 2006 and 2007: ordinary residents get no say in the planning and management of the festival and traffic congestion is a problem. The positive impact has increased from 2006 to 2007. Two factor analyses were performed to determine the social impact factors in order to determine differences in the social impact of 2006 and 2007. The first analysis resulted in nine factors which accounted for 56.85% of the total variance and were labeled as: community issues, damage to the environment, community activities, local business and community opportunities, pricing, public facilities, traffic, disturbances and visitors. The second analysis resulted in three factors that accounted for 44.22% of the total variance and were labelled according to similar characteristics which included: community opportunities, community problems and community image. Means and standards deviations were determined after which the effect sizes were determined to explore the differences between the social impact for 2006 and 2007 on the dimensions of the various factors as determined in the factor analysis. It is clear that a small effect (0.2-0.4) exists between 2006 and 2007 concerning local business opportunities (0.25), pricing of goods (0.24), community activities (0.35), public facilities (0.39) and community activities (0.48). There were therefore no huge differences in the social impact between 2006 and 2007. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The primary goal of the study was to identify key success factors for the management of wedding tourism in South Africa. This goal was achieved by firstly conducting a literature study to determine the key success factors of strategic management for special events as stated in books, articles and other sources. Secondly, wedding tourism was analysed to provide an overview of the wedding tourism industry and weddings as tourism products. Thirdly, the results of the empirical research were discussed followed by the conclusions and recommendations made with regard to further research. From the literature study, aspects regarding strategic management were discussed namely, the strategic management process, marketing for special events, human resource management, financial management and operational management. These aspects were included in the questionnaires for the empirical research. Two different questionnaires were developed, one for wedding planners and one for owners/managers of wedding venues in the Gauteng and North West provinces. The purpose of the questionnaires was to gather information on the key success factors for wedding tourism and to gain insight of the wedding tourism industry. Personal interviews were held with wedding planners and owners1 managers of wedding venues; questionnaires were also distributed via email. All the data was processed by the North-West University's Statistical Consultation Services. A confirmatory factor analysis was done to produce a small amount of factors. The following factors were identified: strategic planning; SWOT analysis, human resources, financial management, market segmentation, promotion and operational management. After analysing the data it was clear that operational services like ensuring high levels of hygiene, having a liquor license, accessibility, secure parking and that services must meet the needs of guests were considered extremely important aspects for a wedding venue. The following aspects were considered extremely important by wedding planners: services must meet the needs of guests, offer unique products and develop a checklist as control mechanism. Owners of wedding tourism products and wedding planners have to consider and apply the key success factors in order to grow the industry and create sustainable products. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.