This thesis explores how participatory online rituals of mourning serve to mediate public death events that are collectively experienced as forms of social injustice, and the modes of collectivity they engender. I introduce the term Social Media Memorialising (SMM) to describe this phenomenon. The mediated deaths of SMM are experienced as a transgression of the sacred, and in the process reveal societies' constant negotiation with death, virtuality and memorialising online. SMM entails appropriating the processes of public mourning such that the means of symbolic production shifts away from media and political gatekeepers and towards networked publics. In analysing SMM on YouTube, this thesis employs a mixed-methods research design premised upon a multimodal approach to discourse, system-network mapping, and thematic analysis. I present two case studies for comparative analysis: those of Neda Agha-Soltan in Tehran in 2009, and that of Lee Rigby in London in 2013. Both constitute emblematic examples of 'public death events': the death of individuals considered to be exceptional, morally significant, traumatic and worthy of public mourning and grief. This framework captures the complex forces involved in the mediation of death online, and the modalities and mechanisms of virtual space as ritual space. SMM manifests through innovative, strategic and performative forms of grieving that hybridise online and offline practices, highlighting the conditions of the death event as integral to the modes of grieving that follow. What emerges is a platform-specific vernacular that reflects the form, function and terms of engagement for online grieving. SMM coalesces the commemorative with the performative, shaping both the social significance of the death event and the attitudes regarding the death and its causes.

Background: The role of aspirin (100 mg daily) and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) (1 g daily) for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is being investigated in the 2x2 factorial design ASCEND trial. To support the interpretation of the trial's efficacy findings, it is important to compare self-reported compliance by participants with measures of the biochemical effects of each intervention. The previous data on the effect of supplementation with omega-3 FA on coronary heart disease is uncertain. Methods: The ASCEND trial randomly allocated 15480 people with diabetes (94% type 2 DM) who do not already have diagnosed occlusive arterial disease to receive aspirin or placebo and to omega-3 FA or placebo. Blood and urine samples were collected by mail at baseline and after 3 years follow-up. The effectiveness of aspirin to suppress urinary thromboxane B2 (UTxB2), a marker of platelet activity, and, of omega-3 FA supplements to increase red cell membrane omega-3 index were assessed. A systematic review of previous trials of omega-3 FA was conducted to summarize the prior evidence for the effects of omega-3 FA supplements on major vascular events (MVEs). Results: Aspirin reduced UTxB2 levels by 67% (63-70%) (p < 0.0001) compared with placebo, from 3453 pg/mg (95% CI 3061-3895) at baseline to 1190 pg/mg (1100-1287) on those allocated to aspirin during the trial. During follow-up, the omega-3 index increased by 33% (95% CI 26%-39%) in those allocated omega-3 FA compared to placebo (p < 0.0001). The meta-analysis of previous studies of omega-3 FA showed no effect on MVEs (HR 0.97; [0.93-1.01]) overall or in any pre-specified sub-groups. Conclusions: Low dose aspirin and omega-3 FA are biochemically effective at reducing UTxB2 and increasing the omega-3 index, respectively. Previous trials show that supplementation with omega-3 FA had no significant effect on MVEs. The results of the ASCEND trial, assessing the effects of both aspirin and omega-3 FA on MVEs, will be available in 2018.

This dissertation centers on the role of adverse shocks to household balance sheets in understanding consumer default behavior. The first chapter studies the role of foreclosure contagion: the role of proximate foreclosures in causally triggering other nearby residential defaults and foreclosures. I find that foreclosure activity causally increases nearby rates of consumer defaults. This paper uses an instrument further examined in the second essay which analyzes the role for adverse selection and moral hazard in mortgage markets; using as a distinction the initial and post-reset interest rates paid on Adjustable-Rate Mortgage contracts. The final essay analyzes the role for cancer diagnosis shocks on household default behavior.

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Shi Jingjing. / "August 2006." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-205). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The notion of superdiversity demands a move beyond an ethno-focal analysis of migration related diversity and calls to analytically incorporate other aspects of diversification, including differential migration, legal status and labour market trajectories. Taking London and Toronto as field locations, this thesis investigates how a superdiversity lens can be operationalised and utilised to discuss migrant socialities in urban contexts. It methodologically explores one particular avenue for doing this - personal social network analysis - to better understand the theoretical and empirical implications of adopting a superdiversity approach. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis strategies are used and particular emphasis is on visualising complex patterns and exploring how starting with complexity as an assumption facilitates the multidimensional analysis a superdiversity lens calls for. Focusing on networks of migrants who in statistical terms are commonly categorised as 'other' - who have relatively few co-migrants in terms of place of origin but who are differentiated in terms of other superdiversity aspects - the thesis questions if and what impact small group size has on patterns of sociality. With this focus it is established that a) the numerical size of the origin group impacts on social activities differently depending on whether one small group is explicitly liked to other pan-ethnic groups or not; b) that sociality patterns of migrants emerge from the complex interplay of general socialising opportunities but are also linked to individual trajectories of migration and settlement; c) that with a superdiversity lens it is indeed possible to move beyond the ethnic network notion. To support this latter point the thesis explores four alternative ways of describing migrant networks in terms of city-cohort, long-term resident, superdiverse and migrant-peer networks. The analysis contributes to theoretical debates by proposing a rational understanding of diversity rather than one based on the enumeration of categories be they ethnic or otherwise.

In 1969, Indonesia established a national family planning programme and total fertility has declined rapidly since but there is little consensus over the relative contribution of family planning to the observed decline. The first chapter constructs a new measure of family planning exposure to examine the role of family planning in reducing fertility. The causal effects of infant mortality is also examined based on a new instrumental variable, water supply and sanitation programme exposure, and that of schooling using father's schooling as an instrument. The findings strongly indicate that family planning contributes to lower fertility together with reductions in infant deaths and improvements in women's schooling, and that the effects of family planning and decreases in infant mortality are larger than that of schooling. In 2002, nearly one-in-ten men and more than one-in-five women in Indonesia were overweight and noncommunicable diseases had become the main cause of death but there exists no evidence on the causal effect of schooling on BMI for developing countries. The second chapter assesses whether more schooling causes healthier BMI in Indonesia by using two instrumental variables to capture exogenous variation in schooling. The first instrument takes advantage of the primary school construction programme (SD INPRES) in the 1970s; the second instrument is father's schooling. Two results stand out: more schooling causes higher BMI for men and there is no causal effect of schooling on BMI for women. This chapter also provides some very preliminary evidence that the shift from blue collar to white collar and service sector occupations is one contributing factor to why more schooling increases BMI for men. The third chapter also uses the SD INPRES programme but to examine the effect of increased school supply on schooling attainment: overall, by gender, and by socioeconomic background. It also constructs a new SD INPRES programme exposure variable as an instrument for schooling to assess the causal effect of schooling on wages. The results strongly suggest that the SD INPRES programme increased schooling for men and women but that women benefited more as did individuals from less advantageous socioeconomic backgrounds. More schooling also causes higher wages and there appears to be an added positive effect for women through the additional schooling induced by the SD INPRES programme.

The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the better understanding of determinants and consequences of international migration from Senegal, a West-African country with a longstanding tradition of migration to both African and European countries. Using a longitudinal (retrospective) and multi-sited micro dataset on 'Migration between Africa and Europe' (MAFE-SN), three selected topics are explored empirically. Firstly, the research examines the role of individual and contextual factors for the migration decision-making process, analysing jointly selection into migration attempts and departure. Results indicate that selection processes at the decision and realisation stages do not necessarily coincide, for instance with regard to the role of sex, education, but also immigration policies. Secondly, the impact of international migration experience on investments in real estate or business assets in the country of origin is examined. Direct migration experience is found to stimulate investment, though the effect varies according to the type of asset, the location and the destination region. International migration also appears as a way to overcome certain social disadvantages in terms of access to property. However, nonmigrants with access to migrant networks are not more likely to invest. Thirdly, the thesis investigates the effect of return migrant status on occupational attainment in Dakar. The main result obtained, a positive effect on self-employment, conforms to previous studies' findings on other countries. Yet, when using variables on the hierarchical socio-economic status or prestige position of the occupation, the positive effect of return migration is confined to wage-employed activities. In addition to the empirical analyses, the thesis contributes to the conceptual and methodological discussion on measurement of immigration policies. A database with detailed data on immigration policies in France, Italy and Spain over the period from 1960 to 2008 is constructed and qualitative information is converted into quantitative scores.

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as notificações dos incidentes relacionados à assistência à saúde em um hospital universitário brasileiro entre os anos de 2015 e 2016.Para tanto, foram coletados dados secundários dos Eventos Adversos (EA) ocorridos no hospital e registrados no sistema VIGIHOSP, e foram descritos eventos de 8 perfis distintos: Procedimentos cirúrgicos, Quedas, Identificação do Paciente, Flebite, Medicamentos utilizados, Perda do Cateter, Lesão na Pele, e Sangue e Hemocomponentes. Os resultados alcançados têm suporte na literatura, tanto em relação à porcentagem de ocorrência de cada notificação, como também no que diz respeito às notificações que se tornam EA. Uma lacuna foi identificada: a literatura científica reforça bastante o problema da subnotificação e as mazelas dela decorrentes; mas, além desse fato, o que este estudo chama atenção é para a efetividade das notificações incompletas. Sugere-se ao hospital pesquisado a promoção das notificações como parte de uma cultura de segurança, buscando mais os resultados do que os culpados. Propõe-se também a utilização dos EA como indicadores de resultado para a gestão hospitalar, atrelados aos objetivos de qualidade e de custo / This study aims to analyze the reports of incidents related to health care in a Brazilian university hospital during the years 2015 and 2016. To do so, secondary data from Adverse Events (AD) occurred at the hospital and were recorded in the VIGIHOSP system, and events of 8 different profiles were described: Surgical Procedures, Falls, Patient Identification, Phlebitis, Medications Used, Catheter Loss, Skin Injury, and Blood and Hemocomponents. The results obtained are supported in the literature, both in relation to the percentage of occurrence of each notification, as well as with regard to notifications that become AD. A gap has been identified: the scientific literature strongly reinforces the problem of underreporting and the ensuing problems; but beyond this fact, what this study calls attention to is the effectiveness of incomplete notifications. For the researched hospital is suggested to promote the notifications as part of a safety culture, seeking more results than the culprits. It is also proposed the use of AD as outcome indicators for the hospital management, linked to quality and cost objectives

Hui, Pik Hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-27). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.Ill / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV / LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES --- p.V / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- THE INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 . --- EVOLVEMENT OF MODERN SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2. --- THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3. --- BIDDING FOR THE GAMES --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4. --- FINANCING THE OLYMPIC GAMES --- p.8 / Chapter 3. --- WILL OLYMPICS GENERATE ECONOMIC GROWTH? --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1. --- DATA AND MODEL --- p.10 / Chapter 3.2. --- ESTIMATION RESULTS --- p.13 / Chapter 3.3. --- MODEL EXTENSION --- p.16 / Chapter 4. --- HOW TO WIN THE OLYMPICS --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1. --- MODEL AND DATA --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2. --- ESTIMATION RESULTS --- p.20 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.21 / Chapter 6. --- REFERENCES --- p.23 / Chapter 7. --- APPENDIX --- p.55