Lau Yiu Sang. / "June 2012." / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Job's wife and the Book of Job --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Aim of the thesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Date and Authorship of the Book of Job --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Structure of the Book of Job --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Place in the Canon --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Versions of Job --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Purpose of the Book of Job --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7 --- Chapter Summary --- p.16 / Chapter 2 --- The Prologue --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Structure of the Prologue --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Highlights of the Prologue --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- Controversial Views on Job's wife --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- Job's wife in Christian Traditions --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2 --- Job's wife in the Targum of Job --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Job's wife in the Testament of Job --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Job's wife in the Septuagint --- p.26 / Chapter 3.5 --- Job's wife in the Jewish Traditions --- p.27 / Chapter 3.6 --- Job's wife in Paintings --- p.28 / Chapter 3.7 --- Chapter Summary --- p.32 / Chapter 4 --- A Study on Job 2:9-10 --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1 --- A Comparison of the MT and the LXX --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2 --- Chapter Summary --- p.40 / Chapter 5 --- A Feminist Reading of Job's wife --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1 --- Feminist Interpretation of the Bible --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2 --- A Feminist Reading of Job's wife --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The Attitude of Job's wife --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Job's wife and the Development of the Story --- p.49 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Job's wife as the Messenger --- p.50 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Job's wife and Wisdom --- p.51 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.55 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Implications --- p.57 / Bibliography --- p.60

The Story is one of the oldest forms of communication between humans. Various methods have enhanced and updated the Art in a variety of ways since the concept was created. In modern times, a story can exist in multiple mediums because of the variations that humans use today to tell stories. I present an artistic project that will show my development of an original universe, plot, and characters into a storyline introduction for enjoyable purposes. The belief was that these ideas I created could succeed in multiple formats, but I would need to narrow it down and test what I had created. I chose two different mediums, a Written Narrative and a Video Game, as means to tell my story as much as I could within the time frame. By using the opinions of others, I’ll learn if either project can be successful in telling my story and which method offered the best experience with my particular story ideas to share with an individual.

En el presente documento se detalla un proyecto que ha sido desarrollado durante varios meses, en donde se investigó rigurosamente el mercado y se determinó la viabilidad de este. El proyecto, llamado Tabú Planner, es una página web que servirá de intermediario entre una concentración diversificada de microempresarios proveedores de diferentes servicios para realizar eventos y miles de personas que tienen la necesidad de realizar un evento en específico. Esta página consiste en conectar a los microempresarios que no tienen un lugar determinado donde promocionar sus servicios y al usuario quien tampoco conoce proveedores para realizar su evento; se realizó la validación y se obtuvo como resultado que invierten mucho tiempo en la búsqueda, e incluso no los encuentran en las condiciones que ellos esperaban. Nosotros, como compañía, somos ese nexo importante para que las necesidades de ambos puedan suplirse. Para la inversión inicial se requerirá un importe de S/33,050 soles, el cual será aportada mayoritariamente por los accionistas, pero un importe menor será por tercero. Las fuentes de ingresos serán mediante el pago de membresías que irán desde los tres meses hasta los doce meses. Además, se contará con una oficina que servirá para tener un contacto directo con nuestros socios claves. Con respecto a la evaluación financiera, el negocio genera un Valor Presente Neto de 46,841.19. La TIR del proyecto asciende a 13%, con un retorno de inversión a partir del 1.76 años. / This document details our Project that has been developed throughout the past five months, in which we investigated the market and determined its viability. The project is called “Tabú Planner”, which is a website that serves as an intermediary between a diversified market of small entrepreneurs that provide different services related to the organization of events, and thousands of people who have the need to organize a specific event. This website relays to connect those entrepreneurs that doesn’t develop a promotion strategy in which the sell their products and those customers that doesn’t know which are the best providers. We realized the validation, and it resulted that customers waste too much time finding the suitable one, and even in the case they find them, it often doesn’t fulfill their expectations. Our company is the suitable relation to fulfill those necessities. For the initial investment, the amount of S/ 33,050 is needed, which will be mostly contributed by the shareholders, but a small margin will be invested by a third party. The income stream will be made through the payment of memberships that will offered from three months to twelve months. In addition, there is an office that serves to have direct contact with our key partners. Related to our financial evaluation, this project generates a Net Present Value of 46,841.19. The project’s TIR amount to 13% with a return over investment starting at 1.76 years. / Trabajo de investigación

Under most conditions, meiotic recombination is essential for ensuring that organisms adapt to ever changing biotic and abiotic conditions and, as such, it shapes evolutionary change within and between species. The interplay between selection and recombination plays a role shaping levels diversity within populations. Remarkably, recombination is itself an evolving trait that varies at many levels: between distant species of eukaryotes, between closely related species and among populations (and individuals) of the same species. Recombination rates also vary across genomes. Most of the causes and mechanisms of this plasticity in recombination rates and distribution are not clearly understood. Also, our understanding of how this variability in recombination rates influences levels of diversity within populations and across genomes is incomplete. Here, I present a study combining molecular genetics with bioinformatic techniques to characterize recombination landscapes in Drosophila melanogaster. I present a model that accounts for a significant fraction of the variation in crossover rates across the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Our predictive model suggests that crossover distribution is influenced by both meiosis-specific chromatin dynamics and very local constitutively open chromatin associated with DNA motifs that prevent nucleosome stabilization. I also present a novel method for genomic scans to identify recent events of adaptation in using nucleotide diversity data. In addition, I characterized variability in recombination rates in different populations of D. melanogaster and detected that the highest degree of variability in recombination rates across the genome is associated with intermediate genomic scales, and that this intermediate scale also plays a major role in explaining differences in recombination among populations. Our report is the first linking variation in recombination rates across genomes (genomic) and among populations (evolutionary), possibly suggesting a common mechanistic/genomic cause. Finally, I present preliminary data of the first large-scale project to study the effects of multiple environmental conditions in recombination rates at genome-wide level. In conclusion, these studies provide a new framework to investigate variation in recombination rates and to understand the genomic causes and evolutionary consequences.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a devastating mental decline. There are three pathological hallmarks of the disease necessary for its diagnosis, these are extracellular amyloid plaques comprised of the beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and marked neuronal loss. Active immunization against Aβ1-42 or passive immunization with monoclonal anti-Aβ antibodies has been shown to reduce amyloid deposition and improve cognition in transgenic mouse models of AD, aged beagles, and nonhuman primates. Unfortunately, due to cerebrovascular adverse events, both active and passive immunization strategies targeting Aβ have failed in clinical trials. It is, therefore, necessary to identify novel amyloid-clearing therapeutics that do not induce cerebrovascular adverse events. We hypothesized that neuroinflammatory modulation could be a potential novel target. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a lipid and lipoprotein binding receptor expressed exclusively in the brain by microglia. Homozygous TREM2 loss of function mutations cause early-onset progressive presenile dementia while heterozygous, function-reducing point mutations triple the risk of sporadic, late-onset AD. Heterozygous TREM2 point mutations, which reduce either ligand binding or cell surface expression, are associated with a reduction in the number of microglia surrounding amyloid plaques, microglial inability to phagocytose compact Aβ deposits and form a barrier between plaques and neurons, an increase in the number of phospho- tau-positive dystrophic neurites and increased tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Heterozygous mutations also double the rate of brain atrophy and decrease the age of AD onset by 3-6 years. Although human genetics supports the notion that loss of TREM2 function exacerbates neurodegeneration, it is unclear whether activation of TREM2 in a disease state is beneficial. The work we present here characterizes a TREM2 agonizing antibody as a potential therapeutic for amyloid reduction. We found that its administration results in immune modulation, recruitment of microglia to the site of amyloid plaques, reduced amyloid deposition and improvement in spatial learning and novel object recognition memory in the 5xFAD model of AD. More specifically, we show that intracranial injection of TREM2 agonizing antibodies into the frontal cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice leads to clearance of diffuse and compact amyloid. We also show that systemic injection of TREM2 agonizing antibodies weekly over a period of 14 weeks results in clearance of diffuse and compact amyloid as well as elevated plasma concentrations of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Furthermore, systemic administration of these antibodies led to immune modulation and enhanced cognitive performance on radial arm water maze and novel object recognition tests. Importantly, we show the TREM2 agonizing antibody does not induce the adverse cerebrovascular events known to accompany amyloid modifying therapies. Though systemic administration of both TREM2 agonizing and anti-Abantibodies does not further enhance amyloid clearance or cognitive performance, co-administration mitigates the adverse cerebrovascular events associated with anti-Aβ antibodies. Collectively, these data indicate TREM2 activators may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.

Bridge scour is the leading cause of bridge damage nationwide. Successfully mitigating bridge scour problems depends on our ability to reliably estimate scour potential, design safe and economical foundation elements that account for scour potential, identify vulnerabilities related to extreme events, and recognize changes to the environmental setting that increase risk at existing bridges. This study leverages available information, gathered from several statewide resources, and adds watershed metrics to create a comprehensive, georeferenced dataset to identify parameters that correlate to bridges damaged in an extreme flood event. Understanding the underlying relationships between existing bridge condition, fluvial stresses, and geomorphological changes is key to identifying vulnerabilities in both existing and future bridge infrastructure. In creating this comprehensive database of bridge inspection records and associated damage characterization, features were identified that correlate to and discriminate between levels of bridge damage. Stream geomorphic assessment features were spatially joined to every bridge, marking the first time that geomorphic assessments have been broadly used for estimating bridge vulnerability. Stream power assessments and watershed delineations for every bridge and stream reach were generated to supplement the comprehensive database. Individual features were tested for their significance to discriminate bridge damage, and then used to create empirical fragility curves and probabilistic predictions maps to aid in future bridge vulnerability detection. Damage to over 300 Vermont bridges from a single extreme flood event, the August 28, 2011 Tropical Storm Irene, was used as the basis for this study. Damage to historic bridges was also summarized and tabulated. In some areas of Vermont, the storm rainfall recurrence interval exceeded 500 years, causing widespread flooding and damaging over 300 bridges. With a dataset of over 330 features for more than 2,000 observations to bridges that were damaged as well as not damaged in the storm, an advanced evolutionary algorithm performed multivariate feature selection to overcome the shortfalls of traditional logistic regression analysis. The analysis identified distinct combinations of variables that correlate to the observed bridge damage under extreme food events.

As the healthcare industry continues to change, dental providers are concerned about the different types of adverse events that can occur if systemic diseases are not well understood when treating patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of understanding among dental care providers of the relationship between oral care and systemic diseases and how these are linked to adverse events. The theoretical foundation that was used for this study was the Swiss cheese model. The research questions were designed to address the level of understanding among dental care providers of the link between oral care and systemic diseases as well as their perceptions of adverse events in dentistry and why they occur. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, interviews were conducted with 10 dental care providers who practice in the New Jersey area. As I reviewed the field notes and listened to the audio recording, themes were developed to gain a deeper understanding of the research. The research findings revealed that dental providers have moderate knowledge of systemic disease and that some dentists had encountered an adverse event when providing oral care to patients; this experience led participants to look at patients' overall health instead of only oral care. Positive social change could result from improved training and education for dental providers to gain a better understanding of systemic diseases and systems such as the Swiss cheese model for preventing adverse events in patients with systemic diseases. Dental providers should be more involved with community services by providing health fairs to educate the public about why taking care of their oral health is as important as their physical health.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine how Utah educators and school board members view the future of education in the state. This was done by comparing the ratings for importance and the predictions on the time of occurrence of 53 educational events. An event was an incident or happening which might effect the education of the state . The hypotheses were based on the assumption that the various educational groups would hold differing views concerning the future of Utah education. Procedure The study provided data on the perceptions of 236 individual s representing five groups of educational participants (State Department personnel, superintendents, other administrators, teachers, and school board members) concerning the future of education in the State of Utah within a 20-year period of time. The sample was randomly selected, with the exception of the superintendent group which included all of the superintendents of the state. An instrument consisting of 53 educational events was developed which enabled the respondents to express their perceptions of the importance of the events and predict when each of the events would occur in 60 percent of the schools of the state. Leik's Measure of Ordinal Consensus was used to arrive at a consensus score which indicated the dispersion or lack of dispersion of responses within a group to a particular event. An analysis of variance was used to test for differences among the groups. where a significant F-ratio was found, using the .05 level of significance, Duncan's New Multiple Range Test was also utilized. This test was designed to locate differences between paired groups.

Objective: To investigate the association between hospital investment in human resources variables and patient safety, specifically after surgery adverse events in Florida hospitals. We performed the analysis to identify the association of after surgery complication rates with full time equivalent employees (FTEs) per admission and per patient day, expenses per admission and per patient day and, the percent of total operating expense accounted for by payroll expenses. Design: A cross sectional analysis using inpatient hospital discharge data and financial data from seventy short-term general hospitals, both for-profit and not-for-profit. Methods: Discharge data from year 2000 was obtained from Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA). This data was used to calculate Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) related to after surgery complications in 840,945 hospital discharge records from 70 short-term general hospitals across the state of Florida. The predictor variables include: payroll expenditures per admission, payroll expenditures per patient day, personnel (FTE) per admission, personnel (FTE) per patient day and payroll expense as a percent of total operating expenses. Main outcome measures: Nine patient safety indicators defined by AHQR and specific to after surgery complications: complications of anesthesia, foreign body left during procedure, postoperative hemorrhage or hematoma, postoperative physiologic and metabolic derangement, postoperative pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, postoperative respiratory failure, postoperative sepsis, postoperative wound dehiscence. Results: Patient safety indicator rate showed an inverse relationship with the percent of total operating expense represented by payroll, Personnel per patient day and personnel per admission. The patient safety indicators showing significant relationship with hospital human resource characteristics are postoperative hemorrhage or hematoma (p=0.0002), postoperative hip fracture (p<0.0001), and postoperative sepsis (p=0.0371). Conclusion: Human resource investment is positively related to favorable outcomes, although the effect varies across the type of outcomes.

In New Zealand the development and promotion of sporting events is becoming increasingly popular, due in part to the role of sport in building the nation's identity, the economic benefits, and a growing awareness of the importance of health and fitness within the community. Given this increased popularity it is important that the impacts of these events upon the local 'host' communities be understood. Social impacts have been given more and more attention in recent years by event researchers, due to the recognition that the long term sustainability of such events can only be achieved with the approval and participation of residents. This research addresses these issues in the context of Taupo, New Zealand using the case of Ironman New Zealand.This thesis adopts a mixed method approach using interviews (n=7), participant observation, and a web-survey (n=111). The findings confirm that it is vital to investigate and understand impacts of events on host communities. The findings are also consistent with theories identified in the literature in terms of the nature of social impacts on host communities. The overall results indicate that residents are aware of both the positive and negative impacts of Ironman New Zealand. Respondents highlight positive impacts such as economic benefits, exposure of Taupo, community togetherness, and the encouragement of sports, yet they also recognize negative impacts such as inconvenience from traffic congestion, and road closures. Accordingly, the community was grouped into three distinct clusters with positive, negative and ambivalent perceptions, and were labelled 'Lovers', 'Pessimists' and 'Realists'. The findings further suggest that the use of web-surveying for community research is still in its infancy and needs further development enabling it to be used as an effective tool. Finally it is proposed that small to medium scale sporting event hosted in regional communities may contribute to a sense of community and to the creation of social capital. Further research is needed to confirm this proposition.