Orientador: João Lima Sant'Anna Neto / Banca: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim / Banca: José Tadeu Garcia Tommaselli / Banca: Inês Moresco Danni-Oliveira / Banca: Emerson Galvani / A análise dos modos de atuação dos mecanismos atmosféricos é uma das bases da ciência climatológica, pois, através dessas, os pesquisadores estão aptos a fazer as diagnoses regionais, as prognoses climáticas, avaliar o possível impacto de variações climáticas e desenvolver projetos para mitigá-los. Seguindo essa lógica, foi elaborada a análise de adversidade climática do oeste paulista e do norte do Paraná. Para a efetuação dessa tarefa, foi utilizada a técnica de análise rítmica de Monteiro, sendo pesquisados os anos de 1997, 1998 e 2001 nas localidades de Presidente Prudente, Maringá e Londrina. Além da pesquisa dos dados diários desses três anos, em que foram criados 108 gráficos de análise rítmica e 108 gráficos de eventos climáticos, foram analisados 27 anos de dados mensais e anuais (1976- 2003) que possibilitaram a elaboração de 54 figuras, 67 tabelas, 102 gráficos e 9 organogramas, em que foram analisadas as características atmosféricas regionais, observando possíveis tendências de alterações climáticas futuras. Foram constatados, ao longo da análise, que a área de estudo está passando por um processo de aquecimento de até 1ºC, além de um processo de fortalecimento sazonal, com as estações mais secas e chuvosas tornando-se mais bem definidas, o que pode causar, futuramente, uma maior quantidade de eventos extremos e adversidades climáticas, que, por sua vez, podem afetar as cidades e a produção agrícola. / Analyzing how the atmospheric mechanisms act is a great base of the climate science because it allows the researches to know about the regional weather aspects, to discuss the possible impact of climatic variations and to develop projects in order to protect the region against these possible variations in the soon future. Following this idea, we elaborated an analysis about hazards in the Western Sao Paolo State and the North Parana State in Brazil. We based on the Monteiro rhythm analysis method to study the cities Presidente Prudente, Maringa and Londrina in the years 1997, 1998 and 2001. Through the search of diary weather statistics we created 108 rhythm analysis graphics and 108 climatic event graphics. Besides them, we studied 27 years of mensal and annual statistics (1976 - 2003) which allowed the creation of 54 figures, 67 tables, 102 graphics and 9 examples. Through these we analyzed regional climatic aspects, searching for future tendencies of climate variations. It was verified by the analysis a warming of one Celsius degree at the studied areas and also a process of sazonalization which showed more clearly the division of wet and dry seasons. We see that it could result in the future more cases of hazards that could affect the cities and the agricultural production. The thesis revels that the climatic rhythms study, the interpretation of regional climatic variation and the study of the necessary actions to protect the areas against hazards are complex questions which involve great series of variables that, sometimes, the statistical techniques are not able to solve, despite its powerful and recognition in science. Because of that, it is extremely important the careful interpretation of climatic aspects by rhythm paradigm, mainly linking it with statistical techniques as well. / Doutor

Currently, construction companies have shown a need to adopt process improvement systems in order to function competitively in the market. However, civil construction, compared to the manufacturing, still has deficiencies relating to the incorporation of new improvement systems. Thus, the use of Kaizen Events (KE) is one of the main mechanisms used to perfect processes during the production (execution) phase of a product, ensuring enhanced performance and added value to the client. The present research sought to evaluate a method for adopting KE in the construction sector. The data-gathering tools used were a questionnaire and a focus group where academics and/or experts who fit a specific profile participated. A methodological strategy for the development of the work was adopted under the approach of Design Science Research (DSR) and the theoretical referential was developed from a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Improvements were made to the method to improve its applicability and functionality in real life scenarios using the results obtained. Accordingly, the results show horizons for future research on KE in civil construction. / Revisión por pares

No description available.

The diffractive production of two jets in deep inelastic e± p scattering is mea- sured in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 4 < Q2 < 80 GeV2 , inelasticity 0.1 < y < 0.7, momentum fraction xIP < 0.03, proton ver- tex momentum transfer |t| < 1 and mass of a dissociative baryonic system MY < 1.6 GeV. Diffractive events are identified with the large rapidity gap technique. Integrated and single differential cross sections are measured for jets of transverse momenta p∗ T1 > 5.5 GeV and p∗ T2 > 4.0 GeV and pseudora- pidities −3 < η∗ 1,2 < 0. The data were collected by the H1 experiment at the HERA collider in years 2005-2007, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 283.7 pb−1 . The measurements are compared with NLO predictions based on the DGLAP parton evolution.

BACKGROUND: Transport of patients is sometimes necessary and unavoidable. However, there are many risks related to it. For this reason, safety of intra-hospital transport has been thoroughly studied in critical care patients; however there is no literature on adverse events during transport of trauma patients. Due to the acute nature of injury, trauma patients are fundamentally different than other populations of patients and require special consideration during transport. Lack of data makes initiating new protocols for transport conditions difficult. METHODS/RESULTS: Data from all activated trauma response patients who required transport to and from the CT scanner from the period of January 01, 2010 to December 31st, 2013 (total of 1103 patients) were collected. From these patients, 17 adverse events were identified (2.0% excluding missing documentation). Vomiting was the most common adverse event followed by peripheral IV line dislodgment. There were no cardiac arrests or deaths resulting from transport related events. CONCLUSION: Defining adverse events is a key part of evaluating safety during transport. Fluctuations in vital signs and other objective measures may reflect patient disease rather than transport. Our study provides clear definitions of what an adverse event is using outcomes and objectively identifies measures necessary for safe transport as well as areas of improvement.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To measure the prevalence of precipitating events in pediatric chronic pain patients and 2) to compare pain and functional disability outcomes at evaluation and 4-month follow-up by presence and type of precipitating event. METHODS: Precipitating events (e.g., injury) were coded from the medical record for 401 youth (6-19) who presented to a tertiary care chronic pain clinic. Four-month follow-up disability and pain were collected for 187 patients. In addition to frequency of events, we examined differences in pain and disability measures by event type at evaluation and follow-up using multiple statistical analysis strategies. RESULTS: Two-thirds of patients had a precipitating event prior to pain onset. Injury was the most common (55%), followed by chronic disease (23%), infection/illness (12.8%), and surgery (7.5%). Patients whose pain was triggered by injury reported the highest average pain levels, F(3, 340)=2.67, p<.05 and functional disability, F(3, 295)=3.54, p<.05. There were multiple cases of event groups that had significantly different baseline and follow-up psychological measures when compared to the rest of the patient population. Trajectories of pain and disability did not differ between patients with and without a precipitating event. Patients with injuries reported greater improvement in functional disability at follow-up (time x injury) F(1, 183)=4.88, p<.05 whereas patients with chronic disease reported less improvement in disability (time x chronic disease), F(1, 183)=5.49, p<.05. No other interactions were significant for disability or pain. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of patients had experienced some form of precipitating event prior to their pain onset, and the presence of a precipitating event had varied effects on the treatment outcomes of patients at four-month follow-up. Although patients with injuries presented with greater disability and pain, they had significantly more improvement, while chronic disease patients were less likely to improve in terms of functional disability. Type of precipitating event appears to be associated with treatment response and can inform clinical prognoses.

In 2012, London successfully hosted the Games of the XXX Olympiad. The main legacy of hosting the event is the 560 acre, mixed use Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park located in Stratford in the heart of London s former industrial East End. The Park is located across the four Park Boroughs of Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest, each distinct in character but shaped by similar trends of urban regeneration and gentrification. This research examines the profiles, practices and perceptions of visitors to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as an impact study of mega events conducted within five years after the London Olympics. It draws on research about mega events and urban regeneration with a focus on sports science and geography that has largely neglected visitor experiences as an outcome of mega events. Based on a mixed methods approach combining a longitudinal face-to-face visitor survey conducted over two years, a postal survey among local schools, and interviews with stakeholders, this thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by proposing a new conceptual framework on mega event legacy and empirical findings on the use and perceptions of The Park by local, regional, national and international visitors. The conceptual approach (Chapter 3) bridges the two distinct literatures of mega-event legacy theory (and more broadly the sports literature) and actor-network theory. The framework allows for the study to approach the research questions from a tridic actor-network perspective, examining how material, immaterial and mainly human dynamic hybrids co-exist in complex webs of relations. It also allows for the unravelling of how these relations have given rise to impacts tied to the developments in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. This unravelling is explored through the remainder of this thesis. Following the description and analysis of methods used in the thesis (Chapter 4), Chapter 5 provides a historic overview of the four Park Boroughs that define the study area of the thesis. The shifting nature of this multicultural area is contextualised in light of several catalytic events (industrialisation, de-industrialisation and finally the Olympic Games). At the heart of this examination is the intention to show that despite the narratives pedalled by policy makers, planners and politicians, areas of East London were inhabited by groups who for several centuries symbiotically produced and reproduced their own diverse identities and ultimately that of East London. Chapter 6 analyses and critiques 35 policy documents released during the Olympic cycle (broadly defined here as the period between 2003 and 2012) and follows both the visible and invisible actants. The key findings are that: poorly executed event planning is inextricably linked to a poor implementation of local community interests; there were unheard and excluded voices, particularly the disadvantaged and displaced, in these policy and planning documents and; that there was little opportunity for the youth voice to be heard. Finally, the analysis of policy documents has underlined the value of reflecting on legacy promises from a longer-term perspective, suggesting that the legally binding bid books should be compared with the actual outcomes from a long-term perspective. The typical visitor to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park (Chapter 7) is a white middle-aged male or female (71% over age 25, ~50/50 male and female). They will be visiting the sports facilities and their frequency of use suggests that they have monthly membership to one of the leisure centres. This indicates that they have a relatively high level of both social capital and disposable income. They will reside within the Park Boroughs, often within walking distance of the Park or close to a transport link with a direct transport connection, probably by the Underground system. They will not often visit the Park with under 18s and if they do visit with anyone, it will be their partner or friend, and thus they resemble very closely the typical affluent gentrifier couples. The term experience athlete was coined for these visitors with 53% being from the Park Boroughs. In addition, there were those who came to sight-see, designated as Games tourists of whom 56% of these were international visitors. While ~20% of the visitors to the Park were under age 18 most of these were under 12s attending with their parents. Young people and particularly young people from the Park Boroughs were largely absent from the Park, which was contributed to by discriminatory practices (often under the guise of security issues) which focused on groups of ethnic minority youth. The possible reasons for the absence of young people from the Park are explored and unravelled in Chapter 8 by discussing the results of the semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders and the postal survey with school staff. The key issues raised in this chapter were that: the lack of a representative youth voice with a hidden and perceived to be cosmetic contribution to legacy planning and; the lack of social and financial capital in school staff and young people in combination with the gentrifying process and; spatial factors such as distance from the Park and poor acces routes, all contributed to the absence of young people from the Park. Overall, this thesis stresses the importance of unravelling networks to their fullest extent to truly understand the impact such spaces have on diverse communities.

abstract: For more than twenty years, clinical researchers have been publishing data regarding incidence and risk of adverse events (AEs) incurred during hospitalizations. Hospitals have standard operating policies and procedures (SOPP) to protect patients from AE. The AE specifics (rates, SOPP failures, timing and risk factors) during heart failure (HF) hospitalizations are unknown. There were 1,722 patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of HF from an academic hospital between January 2005 and December 2007. Three hundred eighty-one patients experienced 566 AEs, classified into four categories: medication (43.9%), infection (18.9%), patient care (26.3%), or procedural (10.9%). Three distinct analyses were performed: 1) patient's perspective of SOPP reliability including cumulative distribution and hazard functions of time to AEs; 2) Cox proportional hazards model to determine independent patient-specific risk factors for AEs; and 3) hospital administration's perspective of SOPP reliability through three years of the study including cumulative distribution and hazard functions of time between AEs and moving range statistical process control (SPC) charts for days between failures of each type. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to consider reliability of SOPP from both the patient's and hospital administration's perspective. AE rates in hospitalized patients are similar to other recently published reports and did not improve during the study period. Operations research methodologies will be necessary to improve reliability of care delivered to hospitalized patients. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Industrial Engineering 2012

The research for the master thesis was about the influence the participation in sport events taking place in nature has on sustainable behaviour of the individual. Although there is an understanding of what sustainability means in literature, each person defines its means for her or himself and acts differently. As there is not much research that looks at sustainability as something that can be experienced, this paper is an attempt to find out. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to identify how a participant of sport events, taking place in nature, is influenced by the experiences during the different stages of the event, including preparation, racing, and the time afterwards. As a theoretical concept for a change through experience transformation was chosen. As case for such an event the Vasaloppet 2018 was chosen. As there is a large variety of races during the events, the participation in the context of research includes individuals that join the full 90-kilometres distances during daytime. As a result, the sample is derived from the Vasaloppet (main run), and open spår (open trail). The concepts derived from literature encompass sustainability in relation with organisations, using the triple bottom line. In this context, the sustainability of events is conceptualized in conjunction with the ideas of people, planet and profit. After exploring concepts that are important on an organisational level, the three levels of sustainability by Cavagnaro and Curiel (2012) was used to get a better understanding of the role of the individual. Further concepts are serious leisure and consumption, as the participant of an event, for this research, is also someone who consumes products and services in relation to performing serious leisure. Also, the motivations to participate are examined. Additional, the meaning of experiences and possible experiences of events were elaborated. Finally, the concept of transformation for this paper were discovered. To reach the aim of the research a qualitative research approach, based on social constructivism was taken. The research was conducted by having interviews with six participants of the 2018 Vasaloppet. The obtained data was analysed by means of an inductive thematic analysis, creating themes from what was said by the interviewees. The key findings discussed are their understanding of individual and organisational sustainability, as well as transport, in the context of the Vasaloppet experience. Further a chapter about experiences that made the interviewees thinking about issues that might cause transformation is added. A chapter about actual found transformational experiences is added in closing. Eventually a reflection on the research process is given, before concluding the thesis.

A quantidade de novos casos de câncer, o número de mortes causadas por ele e a quantidade de pessoas convivendo com a doença (cinco anos após o diagnóstico) têm crescido em todo o mundo. Em função disso, analisar dados de pacientes com câncer torna-se uma ferramenta necessária para avaliar os programas de tratamento e monitorar o progresso das iniciativas de controle da doença. No que tange a análise, a mortalidade é um dos parâmetros utilizados para avaliar os resultados dessa área e as metodologias tradicionalmente utilizadas compreendem o método de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox. Ambos, porém, desprezam que um paciente com câncer pode vir a óbito por um câncer diferente do primeiro diagnosticado ou, até mesmo, por causas não relacionadas à doença. Portanto, propomos a utilização e entendimento de métodos de análise de sobrevivência que consideram eventos competitivos a fim avaliar incidências, letalidades e fatores associados ao óbito de pacientes com câncer primário atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre 2002 e 2009. Os resultados obtidos permitiram um melhor conhecimento dos tipos de cânceres com maiores incidências (pele (1.920 casos), próstata (1.080 casos), brônquios e pulmões (950 casos), mama (893 casos), sistema hematopoiético e reticuloendotelial (654 casos), cólon (573 casos), esôfago (497 casos), estômago (422 casos), neoplasia maligna secundária e não especificada dos gânglios linfáticos (360 casos) e colo do útero (328 casos)) e letalidades (pâncreas (145 óbitos; 57,1%), brônquios e pulmões (527 óbitos; 55,5%) e esôfago (262 óbitos, 52,7%)), considerando os eventos competitivos. Em função das vantagens do método, recomenda-se aos pesquisadores que não desprezem, em seus estudos, situações com eventos competitivos, uma vez que há softwares e diversos materiais disponíveis que auxiliam e facilitam sua aplicação. / The amount of new cancer cases, the number of deaths caused by it, and the number of people living with the disease (five years after the diagnosis) have grown around the world. Due that, analyzing cancer patient’s data becomes a necessary tool for evaluating treatment programs and monitor the progress of the disease control initiatives. Regarding the analysis, mortality is one of the parameters used to evaluate the results of this area and the methodologies traditionally used include the Kaplan-Meier and Cox model. However, these methodologies do not consider the fact that the death of a cancer patient can be caused by a different cancer diagnosed or even by causes unrelated to the disease. Therefore, we propose the use and understanding of survival analysis methods that consider competing events in order to assess incidence, lethality and factors associated with death in patients with primary cancer attended at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2002 to 2009. The results allowed a better understanding of the types of cancers with higher incidence (skin (1,920 cases), prostate (1,080 cases), bronchi and lungs (950 cases), breast (893 cases), hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system (654 cases), colon (573 cases), esophagus (497 cases), stomach (422 cases), second malignancy and not specified lymph nodes (360 cases) and cervix (328 cases)) and lethality (pancreas (145 deaths; 57.1%), bronchi and lungs (527 deaths; 55.1%) and esophagus (262 deaths; 52.7%)), considering the competing events. In addition, we also evaluated how gender and age contribute to the risk of death from some cancers: women has bigger risk of death for esophageal cancer, while age was associated with the risk of death for prostate cancer. This study allowed characterizing the profile of cancers attended by the hospital by considering the competing events into the estimates methods. Due the advantages of the method, we recommend to researchers do not despise, in their studies, situations with competing events, since there are many softwares and materials available to help and facilitate its implementation.