A quantidade de novos casos de câncer, o número de mortes causadas por ele e a quantidade de pessoas convivendo com a doença (cinco anos após o diagnóstico) têm crescido em todo o mundo. Em função disso, analisar dados de pacientes com câncer torna-se uma ferramenta necessária para avaliar os programas de tratamento e monitorar o progresso das iniciativas de controle da doença. No que tange a análise, a mortalidade é um dos parâmetros utilizados para avaliar os resultados dessa área e as metodologias tradicionalmente utilizadas compreendem o método de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox. Ambos, porém, desprezam que um paciente com câncer pode vir a óbito por um câncer diferente do primeiro diagnosticado ou, até mesmo, por causas não relacionadas à doença. Portanto, propomos a utilização e entendimento de métodos de análise de sobrevivência que consideram eventos competitivos a fim avaliar incidências, letalidades e fatores associados ao óbito de pacientes com câncer primário atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre 2002 e 2009. Os resultados obtidos permitiram um melhor conhecimento dos tipos de cânceres com maiores incidências (pele (1.920 casos), próstata (1.080 casos), brônquios e pulmões (950 casos), mama (893 casos), sistema hematopoiético e reticuloendotelial (654 casos), cólon (573 casos), esôfago (497 casos), estômago (422 casos), neoplasia maligna secundária e não especificada dos gânglios linfáticos (360 casos) e colo do útero (328 casos)) e letalidades (pâncreas (145 óbitos; 57,1%), brônquios e pulmões (527 óbitos; 55,5%) e esôfago (262 óbitos, 52,7%)), considerando os eventos competitivos. Em função das vantagens do método, recomenda-se aos pesquisadores que não desprezem, em seus estudos, situações com eventos competitivos, uma vez que há softwares e diversos materiais disponíveis que auxiliam e facilitam sua aplicação. / The amount of new cancer cases, the number of deaths caused by it, and the number of people living with the disease (five years after the diagnosis) have grown around the world. Due that, analyzing cancer patient’s data becomes a necessary tool for evaluating treatment programs and monitor the progress of the disease control initiatives. Regarding the analysis, mortality is one of the parameters used to evaluate the results of this area and the methodologies traditionally used include the Kaplan-Meier and Cox model. However, these methodologies do not consider the fact that the death of a cancer patient can be caused by a different cancer diagnosed or even by causes unrelated to the disease. Therefore, we propose the use and understanding of survival analysis methods that consider competing events in order to assess incidence, lethality and factors associated with death in patients with primary cancer attended at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2002 to 2009. The results allowed a better understanding of the types of cancers with higher incidence (skin (1,920 cases), prostate (1,080 cases), bronchi and lungs (950 cases), breast (893 cases), hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system (654 cases), colon (573 cases), esophagus (497 cases), stomach (422 cases), second malignancy and not specified lymph nodes (360 cases) and cervix (328 cases)) and lethality (pancreas (145 deaths; 57.1%), bronchi and lungs (527 deaths; 55.1%) and esophagus (262 deaths; 52.7%)), considering the competing events. In addition, we also evaluated how gender and age contribute to the risk of death from some cancers: women has bigger risk of death for esophageal cancer, while age was associated with the risk of death for prostate cancer. This study allowed characterizing the profile of cancers attended by the hospital by considering the competing events into the estimates methods. Due the advantages of the method, we recommend to researchers do not despise, in their studies, situations with competing events, since there are many softwares and materials available to help and facilitate its implementation.

Orientador: Eduardo Roberto Junqueira Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis_ClaudiaFreitas_M.pdf: 2240642 bytes, checksum: 8b8142ee349ef8ca16e5075e0ae4b2d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar enunciações sobre portunhol e spanglish a partir de enunciados retirados da Internet, a qual será tratada enquanto um espaço enunciativo. A partir deste recorte se estudará, no acontecimento, como funcionam os processos e relações que determinam estas práticas linguísticas; quais são os processos enunciativos que (des)legitimam estas duas práticas de contato entre português/espanhol e espanhol/inglês, respectivamente, na relação com o memorável. Para este trabalho utilizaremos como dispositivo teórico e de análise a Semântica Histórica da Enunciação e a Semântica do Acontecimento. O corpus a ser analisado será coletado a partir de uma pesquisa realizada na Internet, em sites de busca, partindo de palavras como espanglés/spanglish e portunhol/portuñol. Pretendemos, com este estudo, responder aos seguintes questionamentos: o que determina, no espaço enunciativo da Internet, estas práticas enquanto práticas (des)legitimadas? Quais são os sentidos e relações que circulam neste espaço, funcionando na determinação de portunhol e spanglish? / Abstract: This paper aims to analyze enunciates about Portunhol and Spanglish from statements taken from the Internet, which will be treated as a enunciation space. From this angle we will study, at the event, how the processes and relations determine these languages practices; wich are the enunciation processes that (de) legitimize these two practices of contact between Portugues / Spanish and Spanish / English, respectively, at the interface with the "memorável". For this work we use as a Theoretical and Analytical foundation the Semantic of Enunciation and the Semantic of the Event. The corpus to be analyzed will be collected from a survey on the Internet, search engines, starting with words like Spanglish / Spanglish and portunhol / portuñol. Main objective of this study is to answer the following questions: what determines, in the enunciation space of the Internet, such practices as practices (un) legitimacy? What are the relations and senses that circulate in this space, running in determining Portunhol and Spanglish? / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-22T18:18:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - João Guilherme da T. Curado - 2011.pdf: 18702363 bytes, checksum: 90e62d51a2bd4f87e07cce75d581f687 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-22T20:24:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - João Guilherme da T. Curado - 2011.pdf: 18702363 bytes, checksum: 90e62d51a2bd4f87e07cce75d581f687 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-22T20:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - João Guilherme da T. Curado - 2011.pdf: 18702363 bytes, checksum: 90e62d51a2bd4f87e07cce75d581f687 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-01 / In this paper we investigate the landscape of parties and faith of a small community that inhabits Lagolândia, Pirenópolis district, which arose in the early twentieth century due to the construction of a church in devotion to Our Lady Imaculada Conceição, and, each party to the patron, the agglomeration is amplified as well as parties who were implanted there. Due to the representativeness of the festivities for this community, we prepared a festive Lagolândia cycle, with four events, the greater involvement that they have with lagolandenses: Feast of Our Lady Imaculada Conceição, Folia de Reis, Folia Feast of St. João and Divino Pai Eterno. The local "festive time" expands to other numerous honors devotional, which collaborates with our assertion that such a community may be perceived by the parties. To this end, we compiled a rescue of the historicity of the domains of religion through planting churches and chapels by goianas landscapes, as well as the system of "donation" of land that allowed the occupation and therefore also the genesis of the town in Goiás. Some reports from European travelers are the first documented mentions of the landscape and local parties, therefore, were mentioned. Then, the four parties of the festive cycle are presented for, soon after, being addressed as rituals, so that the memory and perceptions related to corroborate the tradition understanding of the meanings of the party for that community located on Rio do Peixe shores. The landscapes of parties and their contexts are studied by means of photographs, and old images contributed also to the analysis of the landscape of the past festivals. In each cycle of festivities, which encompass the temporal dimension of one year, several possibilities were discussed that contribute to the exercise of perception of landscapes in order to explain a little more about a community by the party and the faith. / No presente trabalho, investiga-se a paisagem de festas e de fé de uma pequena comunidade que habita Lagolândia, distrito de Pirenópolis, surgida no início do século XX devido à construção de uma igreja em devoção a Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição, sendo que, a cada festa à padroeira, a aglomeração ampliava-se, bem como as festas que ali foram implantadas. Devido à representatividade das festividades para aquela comunidade, elaboramos um ciclo festivo de Lagolândia, contendo quatro manifestações, pelo envolvimento maior que os lagolandenses mantêm com elas: Festa de Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição, Folia de Reis, Folia de São João e Festa do Divino Pai Eterno. O “tempo festivo” local expande-se para outras inúmeras homenagens devocionais, o que colabora com a nossa afirmativa de que tal comunidade pode ser percebida pelas festas. Para tanto, compusemos um resgate da historicidade dos domínios da religião mediante a implantação de igrejas e capelas pelas paisagens goianas, assim como o sistema de “doação” de terras que propiciou a ocupação e, consequentemente, a gênese da povoação também em Goiás. Alguns relatos dos viajante europeus constituem as primeiras menções documentadas das paisagens das festas locais e, por isso, foram mencionados. Em seguida, as quatro festas do ciclo festivo são apresentadas para, logo depois, serem abordadas como rituais, de modo que a memória e as concepções ligadas à tradição corroboraram o entendimento dos sentidos do festar para aquela comunidade localizada às margens do Rio do Peixe. As paisagens de festas e seus contextos são estudados por intermédio de fotografias, sendo que as imagens antigas contribuíram, ainda, para a análise das paisagens das festas do passado. Em cada um dos ciclos festivos, que abarcam a dimensão temporal de um ano, foram abordadas várias possibilidades que contribuem para o exercício de percepção das paisagens a fim de explicar –se um pouco mais sobre uma comunidade mediante a festa e a fé.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-01-26T18:53:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe de Pilla Varotti.pdf: 1349154 bytes, checksum: 1524c8132f7c8009e62174249c144673 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T18:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe de Pilla Varotti.pdf: 1349154 bytes, checksum: 1524c8132f7c8009e62174249c144673 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / Sports mega-events are increasingly being adopted by government entities as a strategy to project an image of the country and generate a significant international exposure, indicating the development of a particular city or country. Sports mega-events are correlated to the major international competitions, with high media coverage by different countries and large capital investment that attracts a large number of visitors and are organized by governmental and non-governmental entities such as the F1 GP Brazil. This event was used by governors of the city of São Paulo as a strategic focus, aiming an international exhibition and economic development. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts and the legacies triggered by this event in São Paulo city. Adopting a descriptive and exploratory research, by a qualitative method, municipal managers, event organizers and local population were interviewed. It was possible to establish that the event generates some impacts, such as: economic, infrastructure, socio-cultural, psychological and administrative. In large part, externalities, as the results of certain activities. As legacies, improvements have been identified in the infrastructure and new public facilities, knowledge and skills developed by the organizers and managers involved in the event, international exposure, improving the city's reputation, establishment of a network, legacies related to motor racing history and the automotive industry, and sports legacy. The contributions of this research refer to the management of sport insofar as it demonstrated that the impacts and legacies are generated taking into consideration a series of cultural, historical, economic factors, in addition to the characteristics and resources of the host city. Indeed, it was possible to demonstrate that events held annually in one place have peculiar characteristics that favor the identification with their host cities, unlike those itinerant mega-events, performed every four years in different places. This study opens perspectives for public managers aiming at better strategic planning before proposing the accomplishment of events of this magnitude. Thus, it becomes possible to develop a sustainable sport mega event that can offer the positive impacts, both for its participants, but mainly for those who inherit the legacy of these events. / Os megaeventos esportivos estão cada vez mais sendo utilizados por entidades governamentais como estratégia para projetar uma imagem e gerar uma exposição internacional significativa, demonstrando o desenvolvimento de uma determinada cidade ou país. Megaeventos esportivos referem-se às principais competições internacionais, com cobertura de mídia por diversos países, investimento de grande capital, que atraem grande número de visitantes e são organizados por entidades governamentais em conjunto com entidades não governamentais, como o GP Brasil de F1. Este evento foi utilizado por governantes da cidade de São Paulo com um foco estratégico, visando uma exposição internacional e o desenvolvimento econômico. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar os impactos e os legados provocados por este evento para o município de São Paulo. Por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de método qualitativo, foram entrevistados gestores municipais, organizadores do evento e população local. Identificou-se que o evento gera alguns impactos, tais como: econômicos, infraestrutura, socioculturais, psicológicos e administrativos, em sua grande parte, externalidades, sendo resultados de determinadas atividades. Como legados, identificaram-se melhorias na infraestrutura e novas instalações públicas, conhecimentos e habilidades desenvolvidas pelos organizadores e gestores envolvidos com o evento, exposição a nível internacional, melhorando a reputação da cidade, a rede de relacionamentos, legados relacionados à história do automobilismo e da indústria automobilística e legado esportivo. As contribuições desta pesquisa remetem para a gestão do esporte na medida em que demonstrou que os impactos e legados são gerados levando-se em consideração uma série de fatores culturais, históricos, econômicos, além das características e recursos do município sede. Demonstrou ainda que eventos realizados anualmente em um mesmo local possuem características peculiares que favorecem a identificação com suas cidades sedes, diferentemente daqueles megaeventos itinerantes, realizados a cada quatro anos em locais diferentes. Este estudo abre perspectivas para gestores públicos visando melhor planejamento estratégico antes de propor a realização de eventos desta magnitude. Assim, torna-se possível o desenvolvimento de um megaevento esportivo sustentável e que possa oferecer os impactos positivos, tanto para seus participantes, mas principalmente, para aqueles que herdam os legados desses eventos.

Nas cidades, historicamente, são realizados eventos de diversos portes em praças públicas ou locais alternativos, como vazios urbanos, estacionamentos de automóveis, descampados, campos de futebol, faixas de areia das praias, entre outros. Tais festas são categorizadas genericamente como eventos ao ar livre e muitas vezes atraem uma grande concentração de público, o que gera a necessidade de aporte de uma logística com aparatos de suporte para garantir sua boa realização. Outro suporte importante é o staff, ou seja, a equipe de realização do evento. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo entender como se dá a relação entre o sítio de realização, a qualidade do evento e os profissionais envolvidos. / Historically, cities have held events of different sizes in squares or alternative places such as vacant terrains parking lots, open fields, sports fields, beaches etc. Those events are generically categorized as open air, and often find a high concentration of public, which creates the need of a logistic apparatus to support the event and ensure its proper execution. Another important aspect is the support staff. This research tries to understand how the professionals involved, location and quality relates to each other in such events.

On 6th July 2005 the London Olympic bidding committee won the right to host the 2012 Olympic Games. Some seven years later London’s Olympic venues were built on time, Team GB accumulated an unprecedented medal haul and no significant security incidents occurred. These outcomes facilitated an understandable positive evaluation of the 2012 Games. It would be churlish not to be positive; Olympic venues experienced during Games are breathtaking. World records and Olympic contests are exciting. Olympic narratives that bond competitor and audience alike are inclusive and unifying. However, the prevalent belief that Olympic hosting provides unambiguous benefits to local communities is less sound. The evaluation of this assumption provides the focus for this inquiry, it follows French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu by considering that ‘one cannot grasp the most profound logic of the social world unless one becomes immersed in the specificity of an empirical reality’ (1993, p. 271). Accordingly, this research contrasted the rhetoric and reality of 2012 Olympic-delivery via an ethnographic inquiry in the Olympic borough of Newham. This location is defined as a ‘non-place’ wherein the majority of the Olympic restructuring and events occurred. This research addresses Olympic-delivery issues of inclusion, exclusion, power relations, ideology and identity, in doing so it argues that the relatively short Olympic-delivery time-frame necessitated a divisive segregation between ‘Olympic’ and ‘non-Olympic’ Newham. Furthermore, it is argued that 2012 Olympic-delivery was orientated towards the needs and goals of Olympic migrants, of various description, rather than enhancing the lives of those living within a community that was rife with crime, poverty and deprivation. Consequently, this research considers that the Olympic milieu disseminated the capitalistic norms and values to global, national and local audiences. The outcome of such processes facilitated a renegotiation of place-identity and place ownership within Newham that was orientated toward attracting a future affluent populace whilst concomitantly vilifying the pre-Games community. This research concludes that such attempts to re-mould Newham into a post-Olympic utopia where prosperous and educated families, to follow the Newham council strap line, ‘live, work and stay’ are based upon the short-sighted assumption that creating an aesthetically pleasing entertainment location is tantamount to creating a desirable location for sustainable family life.

Background. The well-cited report from the Institute of Medicine stated that nearly 100,000 deaths in acute care are largely due to miscommunication. Residents in nursing homes are transported for acute care three times higher than those under the age of 65. Approximately 25 percent of these hospital transfers are avoidable. The influence of nurse-to-physician communication upon the decision to hospitalize nursing home residents is not well understood. Objective. The purpose of this study is to explore nurse-to-physician communication in the nursing home setting utilizing the Informatics Research Organizing Model (IROM) and Carrington’s Exploring Nurse-to-Nurse Communication Framework. Methods. The methodology use for this study was a qualitative descriptive (QD) design, with in-depth, one-on-one interviews of nurses and physicians with semi-structured open-ended interview questions. Communication between nurses and physicians regarding clinical events experienced by nursing home residents was digitally recorded and transcribed. Data was analyzed using natural language processing (NLP) methodology and conventional content analysis, as a means of intra-methods data triangulation. A purposive convenience sample of nurses and physicians who provide clinical care to nursing home residents at two sites was recruited. In addition to obtaining recorded communications between nurses and physicians pertaining to clinical events, these same study participants were interviewed to determine their perceptions regarding communication of the clinical events. Outcomes. Findings from this study will increase understanding of nurse-to-physician communication and its contribution to avoidable hospitalizations. Results will inform the development of an electronic interface that supports nurse-to-physician communication in the nursing home setting.

Bakgrund: Läkemedel är den vanligaste behandlingsformen inom sjukvården och samtidigt det är det bästa och mest effektiva alternativet, så är användningen av läkemedel förenat med risker och bieffekter. Dessa bieffekter är en av de ledande anledningarna till dödsfall i de flesta länder. Upp till 60 % av läkemedelsrelaterade problem skulle kunna undvikas. Det kan vara ett fel som kommer att skada, eller har potential att skada patienten, även kallad undvikbar läkemedelsavvikelse, som kan förekomma i läkemedelskedjan. I SVerige avlider 3150 personer per år av sådana skador. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva de undvikbara läkemedelsavvikelser som har rapporterats inom Synergi i Landstinget i Östergötland under 2011. Metod: Genomgång av landstinget avvikelserapporteringssystem Synergi med rapporter relaterade till läkemedel. Utifrån beskrivningen i fritexten bedömdes det som det handlade om en undvikbar läkemedelsavvikelse. Resultat: Under 2011 inkom 2750 rapporter varav 2320 klassades som undvikbara läkemedelsavvikelser och 6,7 % (n=155) av dessa ledde till skador. En patient avled till följd av en undvikbar läkemedelsavvikelse. Den vanligaste typen av fel var brist i rutin (n=1255) och vanligaste konsekvensen var uteblivna doser (n=604). Warfarin var det läkemedel som förekom i flest rapporter (n=140), medan uteblivna/för låga doser av heparin ledde till flest allvarliga skador (n=3). Slutenvården stod för 52 % (n=1211) av alla rapporter och även 80 % (n=125) av skadorna. Slutsats: Bristande rutiner kan vara en vanlig orsak till läkemedelsavvikelser. Därför behöver den svenska sjukvården satsa på att förbättra och förenkla sina rutiner, både mellan avdelningar och enskilt för att förbättra patientsäkerheten. Den har kommit en bit på väg, men behöver tydligare riktlinjer och mer utbildning och information till både avdelningar och de enskilda personer som arbetar inom sjukvården. / Background: Drugs are the most common way to treat illnesses in healthcare and the best and most efficient alternative. At the same time you must keep i mind that the use of drugs is always associated with risks and side effects. These side effects or adverse drug reactions are among the leading causes of death in many countries. At least 60 % of adverse drug reactions are preventable. A preventable drug reation is called a medication error. A medication error occurs when a failure in the treatment leads to harm to the patient, or has the potential to lead to harm to the patient. The treatment process is a chain of several events, from the diagnosis of an illness and the choice of drugs, to monitoring the administration. There are many steps from start to the end that all have the potential to lead to mistakes. Medication errors can lead to great costs for healthcare, poor quality of life for the patient or even death. In Sweden it is estimated that 3150 patients die annually caused by medication errors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe medication errors in Landstinget i Östergötland (the County Council of Östergötland) in 2011. Method: Search was done through the error report system, Synergi, with medication error as a priority. From the description in the primary text judge if the report described a medication error. Results: During 2011 2750 reports were submitted to Synergi, and 2320 of these were identified as medication errors. 6,7 % (n=155) of these medication errors had caused harm to the patient, one of them died due to medication error. The most common type of failure was some sort lack of routine (n=1255) and it usually lead to errors of omission; whern a dose that should have been given was not (n=604). Warfarin, an anticoagulantia, was the most frequent drug in the reports (n=140), while a low dose/missed dose of heparin, another anticoagulantia, lead to harm that was classified as serious, to the patients (n=3). MOre than halfr of the reports were fro inpatient care, 52 % (n=1211) and also 80 % (n=125) of medication errors that caused harm to the patients. Conclusion: Lack of routine can be a major cause of medication errors and therefore Swedish healthcare needs to improve routines and even simplify them for easier and faster access for the staff. The cooperation between members of the staff in hospitals, health centers and community home care sholud be better to improve the safety of patients. The healthcare needs more guidance and education to overcome the lack of routines and even more resources for a labor intensive activity where the need for healthcare is increasing

Event based programming is an important metaphor used in a variety of applications. Research and practice in this field comes primarily from two distinct sources, component software and databases. In both those fields, the need for asynchronous notifications has led to the specification and implementation of event models, but with somewhat different emphasis. This dissertation defines an evaluation framework for evaluating event models. In doing so, it defines several factors that are important when reviewing different event models with respect to implementing applications or components that require event notification mechanisms. It has been suggested that the event models defined for COM and CORBA can each be used as the basis for implementing advanced event services. The framework presented in this dissertation is used to evaluate these two event models with respect to their capability to support an advanced event service originating from active database research.

This thesis investigates the psychological implications of prolongation, a structural phenomenon of tonal music, which is described in the musicological literature as an elaborative process in which some pitch events - such as chords and notes - remain as if they were sounding even though they are not physically present.