This thesis explores the ongoing accomplishment of ordinary life with dementia and asks how older people variously negotiate and make sense of the obstacles, dilemmas and opportunities of everyday life as lived. The thesis responds to persistent calls to recognise the heterogeneity of people living with dementia and to challenge predominantly negative cultural stereotypes. It draws together parallel developments in contemporary dementia studies, namely the extension of social citizenship into the realm of the ordinary and fresh critiques of the biomedicalisation of ageing, particularly the rapid expansion of its technologies into the domain of cognitive impairment. In different ways, these developments bring a more overtly political impetus to the research agenda. The research study takes the form of ‘narrative-in-action’ (Alsaker et al, 2009), a mode of Narrative Inquiry that combines Paul Ricoeur’s (1984) early narrative theorising with ethnographic methods. The study expands the theoretical underpinnings of this methodology by engaging more deeply with Ricoeur’s (1992) elaboration of the dynamic relationships between narrative and life, narrative and temporality, and incorporating critical insights from narrative gerontology. The resultant methodology facilitates an understanding of experiences as expressed in practice and through time by embodied, emotional, relational persons. The study explores the everyday life of three couples, one man and one woman (aged 78-85 years) residing at home in a small Scottish town. This entailed meeting regularly with each person or couple over a period of six or seven months and participating in their choice of everyday activities. The length and intensity of involvement required careful deliberation about the creation and ongoing negotiation of uniquely constructed relationships that altered and deepened as the study progressed. Narrative analysis engaged with events, happenings and the various shifting and patterned meanings made within the flow of actions in different settings and over time, and was informed by Ricoeur’s (1984, 1992) notions of mimesis, emplotment and narrative identity. The resultant narratives offer a nuanced understanding of different ways of living with dementia in later life. They illustrate how meanings were made in different situations and over time, depicting diverse implicit or purposeful ways of resisting the dominant cultural narrative of loss and contributing to ordinary social life. These distinctions were manifest in the dynamic, dialogic configuration of identities. Despite these differences, the spectre of testing coloured each narrative, extending its reach into recollections of the past and also influencing the ways in which future possibilities were embraced, discounted or denied. This spectre also impacted upon the larger task of trying to make meaning of life as a whole in the face of ageing and memory loss. The thesis augments current conceptualisations of citizenship-as-practice in dementia studies through the construct of recognition. It also highlights the potential of the narrative-in-action methodology to enrich the notion and study of ‘narrative citizenship’ (Baldwin, 2008); in this study, it facilitates an understanding of later life with dementia that is optimistic but not naïve. Taken together the narratives illuminate the risks of prescribing how people should respond to a diagnosis based on observations of how some individuals adapt successfully. Finally, the thesis concludes that unless we attend to productive as well as repressive forms of power, there may be increasingly testing times ahead for us all.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_mo_me_bauru.pdf: 2289730 bytes, checksum: 1932065f84b894904624557d159a89c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Essa dissertação tem como temática central a abordagem e a expressão da cotidianidade e sua relação com âmbito científico (não cotidiano) no ensino de Ciências, mais especificadamente em Livros Didáticos de Ciências do Fundamental II elencados pelo catálogo do PNLD de 2017. Baseia-se nas contribuições da psicologia Histórico-Cultural, da pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e da teoria da Vida Cotidiana de Agnes Heller, partindo dos pressupostos que a educação escolar tem função mediadora entre os âmbitos cotidiano e não cotidiano da prática social para a formação dos indivíduos; que a formação dos mesmos não pode restringir-se ao âmbito da cotidianidade, tendo que superá-lo em direção as generalidades para si e que o livro didático é um instrumento de suporte importante no processo educativo tanto para os alunos quanto para os professores. Este estudo buscou analisar a expressão do cotidiano nos livros didáticos de Ciência e a relação proposta por eles com âmbito científico. O estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa documental de abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo a coleta dos documentos e a análise de conteúdo. Os documentos referem-se aos livros didáticos de Ciências do 6º, 7º, 8º e 9º anos de quatro coleções do PNLD de 2017, coletados em escolas do município de Botucatu-SP. Foram estabelecidas duas unidades de análises: quanto à abordagem do cotidiano nos capítulos dos livros como um todo, nos textos principais, imagens e atividades, na qual contabilizamos quantos capítulos abordaram o cotidiano; e quanto a relação estabelecida pelo livro entre o âmbito cotidiano e o científico, considerando como categorias as relações propostas por Heller de Intentio recta 1 e 2 e Intentio obliqua 1 e 2. A partir dos dados coletados, identificamos que a abordagem do cotidiano nos livros de Ciências é expressiva, principalmente nos livros referentes ao 6º e 9º anos, e que a Intentio obliqua 1 e a Intentio recta 1 foram as relações que apareceram na maioria dos capítulos que abordaram o cotidiano, com similaridade na relação prevalecente nos livros da mesma coleção. Os resultados permitiram reflexões sobre a relação entre conhecimentos cotidianos e científicos no ensino de Ciências, possibilitando fortalecer a defesa da função da educação escolar como socializadora dos conhecimentos científicos e da importância de análises críticas sobre o cotidiano e sua função para o ensino de Ciências. / This thesis has as its central theme the approach and expression of everyday life and its relation with the scientific scope (a non-everyday scope) on science teaching, more specifically, in science textbooks for elementary school listed on the catalog of PNLD 2017 (national program of the textbook). Our theoretical foundation is on the principles of historical-critical pedagogy, historical-cultural psychology and the everyday life theory from Agness Heller, based on the assumptions that the school education has the role of mediation between the everyday and noneveryday scopes from the social life for the individuals’ formation, which cannot be restricted to the everyday scope, it has to overcome it in direction to the generic objectivation for itself; and that the science textbooks are an important support instrument in the educational process for both students and teachers. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the expression of everyday life in science textbooks and the relation between it and the scientific scope proposed by them. This study is characterized as a documentary research with a qualitative approach, involving the collection of the documents in question and the content analysis. The documents are the science textbooks of the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th years from elementary school of four collections listed on the PNLD catalog of 2017, and they were collected from schools at Botucatu-SP. Two units of analysis were established: one regarding the everyday life approach in the textbooks, including the whole chapters, its main texts, its separated boxes and sections, its images and its exercises, in which we counted how many chapters approached the everyday life; and another regarding the relationship established by the textbooks between the everyday and scientific scopes, considering the relations proposed by Heller as the categories, the “intention recta” 1 and 2, and the “intention obliqua” 1 and 2. From the collected data, we identified that the everyday life approach in science books is expressive, especially in the books referring to the 6th and 9th years. We also identified that Intentio obliqua1 and Intentio recta 1 were the relationships that appeared in the most of the chapters that approached everyday life, and we highlight a certain similarity in the relation prevailing in the books of the same collection. The results allowed us to reflect on the relationship between everyday and scientific knowledge in science teaching, making it possible to strengthen the defense of the function of school education as a socialization of scientific knowledge and the importance of critical analyzes on everyday life and its function for teaching science.

1 Abstract This thesis deals with everyday life in major cities during the post-socialist transformation in the Czech Republic. It aims to contribute to our understanding of the everyday life of the inhabitants of Brno and Ostrava during the period and to explain the impact of the post- socialist transformation on their lives and social relations. The results are based on extensive fieldwork (i.e., a questionnaire survey and structured interviews of the inhabitants of the inner cities) conducted in Brno and Ostrava in 2007-2009. The fieldwork was based on ethnographic work describing the sociability and social relations of the inhabitants of the inner cities, with an emphasis on kinship and neighbourly relations. During the post-socialist transformation, Brno and Ostrava underwent a variety of significant changes, ranging from industrial transformation to lifestyle adjustments. They had developed differently both during and prior to socialism. For example, Ostrava became focused mainly on heavy industry, while Brno had a more varied economic structure. Since 1989, these cities have continued to diverge. As for the attitudes of informants toward their lives in the inner cities, they varied greatly. As for sociability, both neighbourly relations and kinship form a mosaic of features, some of which were...

Esta Dissertação foi desenvolvida em meio a um importante ciclo de protestos de oposição ao governo que usurpou o poder com o golpe parlamentar concretizado em 31 de agosto de 2016. Entre as diversas ações para implementar o novo pacto se encontram a PEC do Fim do Mundo e a Reforma do Ensino Médio. Com isso, uma onda de ocupações estudantis tomou conta de escolas, universidades e institutos tecnológicos. Provocados pelo exemplo da mobilização estudantil, técnicos e docentes da maioria das instituições federais de ensino superior deflagraram suas greves. Na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), a greve dos técnicos durou 44 dias, e a dos docentes 21. Esta pesquisa militante assume a defesa que Lefebvre (2014) faz do cotidiano como categoria de análise e do marxismo também como conhecimento crítico da vida cotidiana. A experiência concreta da realidade, o ‘vivido’, representa o mundo percebido, a focalização da consciência em uma prática. Seu contraponto dialético é o ‘viver’, a virtualidade projetada, fruto das expectativas de um futuro desejado (LEFEBVRE, 2014). O estudo da greve, através da vida cotidiana – este lugar de transição, encontros interações e conflitos -, permite compreender sua construção desde baixo, a partir do vivido e do viver, do individual e do coletivo. Além disto, destacamos as ações e práticas que suspendiam a repetição e desafiavam a alienação a partir da coesão que brota da tomada de consciência das possibilidades que o coletivo constrói ao se organizar para tentar mudar a realidade com a qual se confronta. / The study that originated the present Dissertation was developed amid an important national cycle of protests in opposition to a constitutional amendment that established a spending limit the growth of federal government spending to the rate of inflation for 20 years, and to a bill introducing radical changes in high school curriculum. Both reforms were proposed by the government that took power after the Brazilian parliamentary coup of May 2016 and were approved by the National Congress at the end of this year. These projects were opposed by massive student’s movements and university strikes, among others. In the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, Brazil), a technical-administrative staff strike lasted 44 days, and a teachers strike 21 days. We were part of the strike commands – one of us is from administrative staff (and an MSc student at that time) and the other is a teacher. We are also members of the Organization and Liberating Practice research group, based at the School of Administration, in which Marx and Marxist authors have been studied, such as Henri Lefebvre. Therefore, it was obvious that we could interconnect these two spaces (activism and academy) based on Lefebvre’s (2014) propositions on the critique of everyday life. The aim of this activist research was to analyze the everyday construction of these strikes, considering the living and the lived experience of workers and its meaning to transform potentially their everyday life. Lefebvre (2014) provided the theoretical framework to analyze conflicts, practices, ruptures, discontinuities, repetitions and creations, mainly through categories such as ambiguity, alienation, moments and possibilities Data were collected throughout the strikes and was supplemented with social network information and interviews with members from the strike commands after the end of movements. The rupture with everyday labor by rote, the recognition on the importance of cohesion beyond the hierarchies determined by the university structure, and the horizon widening of possibilities for the movement participants were some of the conclusions. Another relevant aspect is that these strikes were not organized in defense or to achieve goals directly related to labor conditions. They were organized together with the student movement that occupied more than 40 buildings in different campuses in defense of the education system, providing a space for mutual recognition that went beyond tactic alliances involving the three sectors of the university community. The everyday collective construction of this movement became evident the importance and potentialities of articulating and supporting each other in each specific struggle workplace while simultaneously being intensively involved with the wider context of social struggles.

Trabalho centrado em pesquisa de campo de tipo etnográfico realizada em três escolas públicas da rede estadual de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. A dissertação é resultado das inquietações geradas diante do distanciamento entre o legitimado mundo das artes e a periferizada situação da escola pública: uma instituição que tem tantas vezes corroborado com a lógica da distinção. É possível (ao professor) trabalhar dentro da disciplina Artes sem ratificar essa lógica excludente? Exaltamos uma docência atenta ao caráter estético expresso na dupla: Arte via Ensino e Ensino via Arte. Oferece-se um olhar sobre o panorama das condições cotidianas que configuram algumas das mais destacadas realidades do Ensino da Arte na Educação Básica dinamizadas por suas macropolíticas, suas práticas diárias e suas crenças. A metodologia sugerida associa os estudos do cotidiano à revisão bibliográfica centrada nos estudos culturais e em algumas das atuais correntes críticas da Arte e de seu Ensino que circulam a contrapelo das verdades hegemônicas desses dois universos. Um dos objetivos do trabalho que entende a vida cotidiana como manifestação estética do cidadão comum é o de contribuir com a elucidação das tensões que fazem da Arte e, especificamente de seu ensino, um importante campo de embate entre iniciativas emancipatórias e ações reguladoras / Work focused on a ethnographic field research conducted in three government schools in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The dissertation is the result of concerns raised in the face of the gap between the legitimated world of arts and the peripherized state of government schools: an institution that has often supported the logic of distinction. Is it possible (to the teacher) to work within the Artistic discipline and not ratify this pattern of exclusion? We exalt teaching methods which are focused on the aesthetic issues expressed in the pair: Art through Education and Education through Art. We take a look at the panorama of the everyday conditions, that shape some of the realities of Teaching Art in Primary Education, affected by their macropolitics, their daily practices and their beliefs. The suggested methodology combines the studies of everyday life with literature focusing on cultural studies and on some of the current strains of criticism of art and its teaching that move against the grain of the hegemonic truths of these two universes. One of the objectives of the work which understands everyday life as an aesthetic manifestation of the common people is to contribute to the elucidation of the tensions that make art, and specifically its teaching, an important field of battle between emancipatory initiatives and regulatory actions

Trabalho centrado em pesquisa de campo de tipo etnográfico realizada em três escolas públicas da rede estadual de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. A dissertação é resultado das inquietações geradas diante do distanciamento entre o legitimado mundo das artes e a periferizada situação da escola pública: uma instituição que tem tantas vezes corroborado com a lógica da distinção. É possível (ao professor) trabalhar dentro da disciplina Artes sem ratificar essa lógica excludente? Exaltamos uma docência atenta ao caráter estético expresso na dupla: Arte via Ensino e Ensino via Arte. Oferece-se um olhar sobre o panorama das condições cotidianas que configuram algumas das mais destacadas realidades do Ensino da Arte na Educação Básica dinamizadas por suas macropolíticas, suas práticas diárias e suas crenças. A metodologia sugerida associa os estudos do cotidiano à revisão bibliográfica centrada nos estudos culturais e em algumas das atuais correntes críticas da Arte e de seu Ensino que circulam a contrapelo das verdades hegemônicas desses dois universos. Um dos objetivos do trabalho que entende a vida cotidiana como manifestação estética do cidadão comum é o de contribuir com a elucidação das tensões que fazem da Arte e, especificamente de seu ensino, um importante campo de embate entre iniciativas emancipatórias e ações reguladoras / Work focused on a ethnographic field research conducted in three government schools in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The dissertation is the result of concerns raised in the face of the gap between the legitimated world of arts and the peripherized state of government schools: an institution that has often supported the logic of distinction. Is it possible (to the teacher) to work within the Artistic discipline and not ratify this pattern of exclusion? We exalt teaching methods which are focused on the aesthetic issues expressed in the pair: Art through Education and Education through Art. We take a look at the panorama of the everyday conditions, that shape some of the realities of Teaching Art in Primary Education, affected by their macropolitics, their daily practices and their beliefs. The suggested methodology combines the studies of everyday life with literature focusing on cultural studies and on some of the current strains of criticism of art and its teaching that move against the grain of the hegemonic truths of these two universes. One of the objectives of the work which understands everyday life as an aesthetic manifestation of the common people is to contribute to the elucidation of the tensions that make art, and specifically its teaching, an important field of battle between emancipatory initiatives and regulatory actions

Esta Dissertação foi desenvolvida em meio a um importante ciclo de protestos de oposição ao governo que usurpou o poder com o golpe parlamentar concretizado em 31 de agosto de 2016. Entre as diversas ações para implementar o novo pacto se encontram a PEC do Fim do Mundo e a Reforma do Ensino Médio. Com isso, uma onda de ocupações estudantis tomou conta de escolas, universidades e institutos tecnológicos. Provocados pelo exemplo da mobilização estudantil, técnicos e docentes da maioria das instituições federais de ensino superior deflagraram suas greves. Na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), a greve dos técnicos durou 44 dias, e a dos docentes 21. Esta pesquisa militante assume a defesa que Lefebvre (2014) faz do cotidiano como categoria de análise e do marxismo também como conhecimento crítico da vida cotidiana. A experiência concreta da realidade, o ‘vivido’, representa o mundo percebido, a focalização da consciência em uma prática. Seu contraponto dialético é o ‘viver’, a virtualidade projetada, fruto das expectativas de um futuro desejado (LEFEBVRE, 2014). O estudo da greve, através da vida cotidiana – este lugar de transição, encontros interações e conflitos -, permite compreender sua construção desde baixo, a partir do vivido e do viver, do individual e do coletivo. Além disto, destacamos as ações e práticas que suspendiam a repetição e desafiavam a alienação a partir da coesão que brota da tomada de consciência das possibilidades que o coletivo constrói ao se organizar para tentar mudar a realidade com a qual se confronta. / The study that originated the present Dissertation was developed amid an important national cycle of protests in opposition to a constitutional amendment that established a spending limit the growth of federal government spending to the rate of inflation for 20 years, and to a bill introducing radical changes in high school curriculum. Both reforms were proposed by the government that took power after the Brazilian parliamentary coup of May 2016 and were approved by the National Congress at the end of this year. These projects were opposed by massive student’s movements and university strikes, among others. In the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, Brazil), a technical-administrative staff strike lasted 44 days, and a teachers strike 21 days. We were part of the strike commands – one of us is from administrative staff (and an MSc student at that time) and the other is a teacher. We are also members of the Organization and Liberating Practice research group, based at the School of Administration, in which Marx and Marxist authors have been studied, such as Henri Lefebvre. Therefore, it was obvious that we could interconnect these two spaces (activism and academy) based on Lefebvre’s (2014) propositions on the critique of everyday life. The aim of this activist research was to analyze the everyday construction of these strikes, considering the living and the lived experience of workers and its meaning to transform potentially their everyday life. Lefebvre (2014) provided the theoretical framework to analyze conflicts, practices, ruptures, discontinuities, repetitions and creations, mainly through categories such as ambiguity, alienation, moments and possibilities Data were collected throughout the strikes and was supplemented with social network information and interviews with members from the strike commands after the end of movements. The rupture with everyday labor by rote, the recognition on the importance of cohesion beyond the hierarchies determined by the university structure, and the horizon widening of possibilities for the movement participants were some of the conclusions. Another relevant aspect is that these strikes were not organized in defense or to achieve goals directly related to labor conditions. They were organized together with the student movement that occupied more than 40 buildings in different campuses in defense of the education system, providing a space for mutual recognition that went beyond tactic alliances involving the three sectors of the university community. The everyday collective construction of this movement became evident the importance and potentialities of articulating and supporting each other in each specific struggle workplace while simultaneously being intensively involved with the wider context of social struggles.

Este estudo foi realizado junto a um grupo de nove famílias de um assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), em Rondônia. Estas famílias organizam o trabalho e a vida de forma coletiva há mais de dez anos, em torno do Grupo Coletivo 14 de Agosto. Teve como objetivo compreender as vicissitudes do processo organizativo cotidiano desta experiência e os sentidos de trabalho e de vida que vem sendo construídos a partir dela. De inspiração etnográfica, essa pesquisa tomou o cotidiano como horizonte de visibilidade que permitiu entender o processo de coletivização. O cotidiano é entendido enquanto o espaço onde se dá a vida e a ação social (SATO & SOUZA, 2001; SPINK, 2008). Composto basicamente por militantes do MST e do Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores (MPA), já nos primeiros anos de acampamento estas famílias começaram a desenvolver práticas de cooperação agrícola e reciprocidade. Depois de significativos experimentos, o grupo resolveu coletivizar definitivamente a terra e trabalhar em sistema de autogestão em todos os setores de produção agrícola. Para dar concretude a essa proposta, sentiram necessidade de coletivizar também parte do trabalho doméstico, passando a ter uma cozinha coletiva. Orientados por uma matriz camponesa e agroecológica, terras, trabalho e cozinha (enquanto espaço de sociabilidade e de trabalho) compõem o tripé que sustenta diariamente a existência do Grupo Coletivo 14 de Agosto. Terras para trabalhar, trabalho livre e associado e a reorganização da vida em torno de uma sociabilidade construída a partir de uma vivência coletiva anticapitalista. Trata-se, nesse sentido, de uma experiência contra-hegemônica que disputa os sentidos da vida e do trabalho na sociedade capitalista por meio de um projeto político profundamente enraizado no cotidiano / This study was carried out among a group of nine families of a settlement of the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST ), in Rondônia. These families organize work and life collectively for over ten years around the \"Group Collective August 14\". Aimed at understanding the vicissitudes of everyday organizational process this experience and ways of work and life has been built from it. Inspired in ethnography, this research took everyday life as a horizon of visibility that allowed to understand the process of collectivization. Everyday life is understood as the space where life and social action happens ( SATO & SOUZA , 2001; SPINK , 2008) . Composed primarily by MST militants and the Small Farmers Movement (MPA), since early in camp these families have begun to develop practical agricultural cooperation and reciprocity. After significant experimentations, the group decided definitely collectivize the land and work on self-management in all sectors of work. To give concreteness to this proposal, also felt the need to collectivize domestic work, going to have a collective kitchen. Guided by a matrix and agroecological peasant, land, work and kitchen (as a space of sociability and work) make up the tripod that supports the daily existence of the \"Group Collective August 14\". Lands to work, free and associated labor and the reorganization of life around a sociability constructed from an anti-capitalist collective experience. It is, accordingly, an experience counter-hegemonic that fights the way of life and work in capitalist society through a political project deeply rooted in the everyday life

Based on eighteen months of fieldwork amongst anarchist and anti-authoritarian groups in Athens this thesis focuses on the December 2008 Greek revolt. It is an ethnographic exploration of collective self-organised practices in the public spaces of Athens and the occupied buildings of that period. It posits that these sets of processes were developed in the revolt as politics of subversion of the everyday life which in the thesis is considered both the site of alienation and emancipation. Based on Bourdieu, this study suggests that the everyday practices of subversion in radical politics are habitual dispositions of action that have been developed, based on past events which go as far back as the Greek civil war (1946-49), to establish a political living in the present, a process that is explored based on what Friedman calls ‘mythologisation' . Drawing on De Certeau, Lefebvre and Vaneigem it is argued that these collective dispositions are the productive factors of tactics of the subversion which emerge in the context of everyday situations defined by the particularities of public space, imagination and public memory.This suggests that the revolt was not an organised process to create a counter-hegemony but rather, a multitude of micro-processes which used everyday situations as sites of subversion. This argument is explored based on the notion of the social imaginary as defined by Taylor and Castoriadis. In this thesis imagination is considered to be constitutive of the politics of subversion. Fuelled by past events and habitual dispositions of actions radical political practices in the revolt were formative of an ontological process which imagines and explains the political as personal and the private as public. According to that interpretation the event of the death of Alexandros Grigoropoulos generated sites where official power could be challenged, escaped and confronted by tactics of subversion.

This thesis focuses on phenomenon "ostalgie" in current society in Czech Republic. I will analyze the attitude of contemporary witnesses to the period of sixties in 20th century in Czechoslovakia and try to clarify whether their potential nostalgic feelings are based on rational facts (better standard of living, working conditions, social security etc.) or whether they are caused by subjective perception of the past in connection with aging. In the first part of my thesis I will explain the ways how this "ostalgie" occurs in life of former GDR citizens. Then I will transfer those individual aspects to the environment of Czech society and analyze them in more detailed way. The thesis will be based on unpublished sources, followed by monographs and special studies of Czech, German and English origin, by use of the methods of oral history, social history and the history of everyday life.