115f. / Submitted by Caroline Souza (karol.sz@hotmail.com) on 2013-09-05T14:26:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Vinícius.pdf: 534957 bytes, checksum: 06c227402ae2c8fe391227399a647228 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-09-05T17:51:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Vinícius.pdf: 534957 bytes, checksum: 06c227402ae2c8fe391227399a647228 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-05T17:51:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Vinícius.pdf: 534957 bytes, checksum: 06c227402ae2c8fe391227399a647228 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Capes / São muitas as interpretações sobre o pensamento de Karl Popper. A questão da demarcação sobre o que é ciência e o que não é ciência respalda-se pela falsificabilidade e testabilidade de teorias. Popper não tratou apenas, no conjunto de sua obra, de uma epistemologia clássica no sentido de uma teoria do conhecimento. No entanto, pensamos ter sido esta a principal, senão, a sua maior preocupação, já que o problema da refutabilidade de uma lei e o da demarcação, são, como bem o afirma, uma teoria do conhecimento. Popper abordou temas tais como a história, a política, a relação mente e corpo e até mesmo sobre a questão ética. Contudo, muitos estudiosos do seu pensamento são quase unânimes em afirmar que a nova definição do que é ciência, dada por ele, vem a ser o fio condutor da sua filosofia. E, portanto, dela também desembocam seus mais fortes argumentos para tratar sobre a realidade do mundo. Em sua formulação da tese da demarcação, Popper a elabora mediante severas críticas, feitas por ele, à concepção indutivista segundo a qual a ciência adotava como um método comumente usado com especial interesse pelos positivistas lógicos do Circulo de Viena, que procuravam demarcar suas atividades separando-as da pseudociência bem como da Teologia e da Metafísica. Partindo então, desta perspectiva no universo epistemológico popperiano, o presente trabalho se propõe a realizar uma investigação, dentro da sua epistemologia, da relação existente entre o mundo um, o mundo dois e o mundo três. A pretensão é, a partir da análise do liame que norteia esses mundos, abordar a sua proposta de pensar uma teoria do conhecimento sem um sujeito conhecedor. Tal proposta é caracterizada pela noção que apresenta de uma racionalidade objetiva para o conhecimento, assim como da parcial autonomia e realidade do mundo três na interação com os dois outros mundos perpassada por uma abordagem evolucionista. There are many interpretations about Karl Popper’s thought. The question about the demarcation of what is and what is not science is related to the falseability and testability of theories. Popper didn’t treat only one classical epistemology in his works, in the sense of a knowledge theory. Although, we think this is his main preoccupation, since the refutability problem of a law and the demarcation problem, are, as he says, a knowledge theory. Popper treated themes like history, politics, the mind-body relation e even ethics. However, many Popper’s scholars agree when they say that the new definition of science Popper offered is the guideline for his philosophy. And, therefore, from this he takes his strongest arguments to treat the reality of the world. In his formulation of the demarcation thesis, Popper elaborates it through some severe critics made to him, to the individualist conception according to which science adopted as a method is a common statement used specially by the logic positivists from the Vienna Circle, that were looking to demarcate their activities separating them from pseudo-science and from Theology and Metaphysics. From this perspective, in Popper’s epistemological universe, the present work proposes to realize an investigation, within his epistemology, from the relation that is between the world one, world two and world three. The pretension is, from the analysis of the bond that guides these worlds, approach his proposal of thinking a knowledge theory without a knowing subject. Such proposal is characterized by the notion that presents an objective rationality to knowledge, such as the partial autonomy and reality characterized in world three in its interaction with the other two worlds through an evolutionist approach. / Salvador

nÃo hà / A resoluÃÃo de um Problema de Sequenciamento sempre à uma operaÃÃo que demanda grandes recursos, devido ao grande volume de dados inerentes a formulaÃÃo do problema. O uso bem sucedido do Algoritmo GenÃtico quando aplicado ao Problema de Sequenciamento ClÃssico deu-se atravÃs dos experimentos computacionais encontrados na literatura. O objetivo geral deste trabalho à relacionar as similaridades do Problema de Sequenciamento ClÃssico como um Problema do Caixeiro Viajante e resolvÃ-lo utilizando a metaheurÃstica Algoritmo GenÃtico. Foram realizados experimentos computacionais utilizando as instÃncias da OR-Library (Beasley, 1990), conjunto de dados de Taillard (1993). A anÃlise das soluÃÃes obtidas por operadores genÃticos foram realizadas, com o intuito de mostrar a evoluÃÃo da busca. O mÃtodo proposto foi comparado com outros mÃtodos discretos, onde constata-se o bom desempenho do Algoritmo GenÃtico, apresentando melhores resultados em 69 das 90 instÃncias testadas. / The resolution of a Flow Shop Problem is always an operation which requires great resources, due to the large volume of data inherent in the problem formulation. The successful use of Genetic Algorithm when applied to the Classic FSP took place through computational experiments found in the literature. The aim of this work is to relate the similarities of the Classic Scheduling Problem as a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and solve it using the Genetic Algorithm metaheuristic. Computational experiments were performed using the OR - Library instances (Beasley, 1990), dataset of Taillard (1993). The analysis of the solutions obtained by genetic operators were carried out in order to show the progress of the search. The proposed method was compared with other discrete methods where there is evidence of the good performance of Genetic Algorithm

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_RafaeldeBrito_M.pdf: 677729 bytes, checksum: 67121d1a781ce6a8831b9985fc14997f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A matriz analítico-conceitual que marcou a política científica e tecnológica após a 2a Guerra Mundial está associada à concepção linear da relação entre ciência, tecnologia e desenvolvimento. Ainda hoje essa concepção mantém sua força dentro da esfera da política científica e tecnológica. Existem, contudo, três enfoques que se propõem a questionar essa visão: o enfoque Evolucionário, Pensamento Latino-Americano em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (PLACTS) e o que aqui chamamos de Visão Alternativa. o enfoque Evolucionário parte de formulações teóricas geradas nos países centrais e representa o mais difundido dos três. O PLACTS representa uma corrente de pensamento autônoma e original da América Latina e que, apesar de remeter às décadas de 1960 e 1970, ainda se mostra bastante atual. A Visão Alternativa, por sua vez, busca constituir uma crítica legitimamente de esquerda dentro do çampo da política científica e tecnológica. A política científica e tecnológica latino-americana pode ser entendida a partir de uma modelagem desses distintos enfoques. Mais que isso, é possível fazer uma associação entre os referidos enfoques e alguns interesses específicos, que se traduzem em diferentes projetos políticos / Abstract: The analytical and conceptual matrix that marked the scientific and technological policies after the 2nd World War is associated with a linear perspective of the relations between science, technology and development. This perspective is still very strong among policy makers. There are, however, three approaches that criticize this particular view: the Evolutionary approach, the Latin American Thought in Science, Technology and Society (PLACTS) and what we call the Alternative Vision. The Evolutionary approach is derived from theoretical formulations generated in the developed countries and represents the best known of the three approaches. PLACTS represents an independent and original Latin American initiative that, despite having risen on the decades of 1960 and 1970, still proves itself to be sufficiently fresh. The Alternative Vision seeks to build a genuine and legitimate left-liberal critic inside the field of science and technology policy. Latin American scientific and technological policies can be better understood by modeling these three distinct approaches. Furthermore, it is possible to make an association between these approaches and some specific interests, which are linked to different political projects / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Das Körpergewicht und die Nahrungsaufnahme werden unter anderem vom Hypothalamus reguliert. Dort werden Hormonelle Signale der Peripherie und neuronale Signale integriert. Die G-Protein gekoppelten Melanocortinrezeptoren 3 und 4 (MC3R und MC4R) werden von ihren Agonisten, den Melanocortinen aktiviert und durch den inversen Agonisten/Antagonisten Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) inaktiviert. Als weiterer Downstream-Mediatoren der MC4R-Aktivierung wurden kürzlich Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) und dessen Rezeptor TrkB (Tropomyosin-Related –Kinase) identifiziert. Mutationen im MC4R gelten als häufigste monogenetische Ursache für Adipositas. Da viele dieser Mutationen aber in vitro funktionell nicht relevant sind, wurde ein Amosäurevergleich von orthologen MC4R aus 70 verschiedenen Spezies erstellt. Funktionsverlustmutationen waren häufiger an koservierten Positionen, während Mutationen ohne Effekt überwiegend an schwach konservierten Positionen zu finden waren. Funktionelle Charakterisierung der von in Mausmodellen identifizierten Punktmutationen I194F und Y302C ergaben eine gute in-vivo/in-vitro Korrelation. Desweiteren wurden in der Normalbevölkerung in normalgewichtigen Personen identifizierte MC4R-Punktmutationen funktionell charakterisiert. Die Mutationen R7C, A70T, T112K, Q156R, M200V, V166I und R236H hatten keinen Effekt auf die Rezeptorfunktion, die H158R. Mutation zeigte eine hohe Basalaktivität, die aber durch AgRP erniedrigt werden konnte. Die in adipösen Patienten gefundenen Mutationen S136F und S139R wiesen einen kompletten Funktionsverlust auf, erstere verursachte zudem sogar einen dominant-negativen Effekt bei Koexpression mit dem Wildtyprezeptor. Für den MC3R wurde das zum Translationsstart bevorzugte Startcodon identifiziert. Für die Rezeptortyrosinkinase TrkB konnte in Hefe-2-Hybridscreens der neue Interaktionspartner Sept3 identifiziert werden. Dieses Protein bindet phosphorylierungsunabhängig an die intrazelluläre Juxtamembrandomäne. / Bodyweight and food intake are regulated by the hypothalamus which integrates peripheral hormonal and neural signals. The G-protein-coupled melanocortin-receptors 3 and 4 (MC3R and MC4R) are activated by melanocortins or inhibited by agouti-related pepetide (AgRP) and signal via the cAMP pathway. Brain-derived neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) was recently shown to signal downstream the MC4R via its receptor TrkB (tropomyosin-related kinase). Mutations in the MC4R are the most common cause of monogenetic obesity. However, many of these mutations are not functionally relevant in vitro. Here, an amino acid alignment of orthologous MC4R from over 70 species was used to evaluate reported mutations. Loss-of-function mutations were predominantly located at highly conserved positions whereas mutations without effect were located at non-conserved positions. Functional characterization of MC4R point mutations I194F (partial loss of function) and Y302C (complete loss of function) identified in mouse models showed good in vitro/in vivo correlation. Furthermore mutations found in normal weight persons were characterized: R7C, A70T, T112K, Q156K, M200V, V166I and R236H had no effect on receptor function in vitro, whereas the H158R Mutation showed high constitutive activity, which however could be diminished by AgRP. The mutations S136F and S139F identified in obese patients were characterized as complete loss-of-function mutations, the former additionally caused a dominant-negative effect on wildtype MC4R in vitro. For the MC3R the preferred start-codon for initiation of translation was identified. For TrkB Sept3 could be identified as a new interaction partner in a yeast-2-hybrid screen. This Protein belonging to the septin family binds to the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of TrkB independent of phosphorylation of the Shc-binding site.