• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 355
  • 186
  • 83
  • 58
  • 41
  • 40
  • 38
  • 17
  • 13
  • 11
  • 9
  • 6
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • Tagged with
  • 883
  • 883
  • 138
  • 125
  • 123
  • 116
  • 116
  • 116
  • 114
  • 108
  • 105
  • 102
  • 92
  • 89
  • 86
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Taxa de câmbio e exportações brasileiras: uma análise do período recente / Exchange Rates and Brazilians Exports: an analysis of the recent period

Tiago Rinaldi Meyer 18 February 2008 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento da balança comercial no Brasil no período de 1999 a 2006 e buscar compreender os fatores que contribuíram positivamente para a evolução das exportações, compensando os efeitos negativos advindos do movimento de apreciação da taxa de câmbio ocorrido a partir de 2003. Para tanto, a partir da adaptação de um modelo de oferta e demanda das exportações, elaborado por Goldstein e Khan (1978), utiliza-se dois métodos de estimação para a obtenção das elasticidades com relação às variáveis explicativas do modelo. O primeiro método consiste na estimação de um modelo simultâneo de oferta e demanda das exportações e o segundo método consiste no modelo de cointegração proposto por Engle e Granger. Em ambos os casos, as exportações foram desagregadas por classes de produtos (manufaturados, semimanufaturados e básicos), além do total das exportações.Do lado da demanda, os resultados estimados em ambos os métodos de estimação, tanto para o longo como para o curto prazo, confirmam as hipóteses levantadas ao longo do estudo ou seja, o crescimento dos preços dos produtos exportados, assim como o crescimento da renda mundial, foram bastante relevantes para o crescimento das exportações em todas as classes de produtos analisadas. Em relação à oferta de exportação, a taxa de utilização da capacidade produtiva e os preços dos produtos exportados estiveram co-relacionados positivamente com o quantum ofertado, enquanto que a taxa de câmbio, ao contrário do esperado, apresentou elasticidades negativas. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the behavior of the trade balance in Brazil in the 1999-2006 period and to understand the factors that contributed positively for the evolution of the exports, compensating the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation. For in such a way, we adapt the model of supply and demand of exports, elaborated for Goldstein and Khan (1978), in order to use two estimation methods to calculate the elasticity of the independent variables of the model. The first method consists of the estimation of simultaneous model for exports supply and exports demand; the second method is the model of cointegration purposed by Engle and Granger. In both cases, the exports were disaggregated by product classes (manufacturing, semi-manufacturing and basics), besides total exports. From exports demand side, the estimated results in both methods, in the short and long run, confirmed the initial hypothesis that is, the growth of exports prices and the growth of world income were significant for the exports growth in all product classes. In the case of exports supply, the productive capacity and price of exports were positively correlated to the export quantum, while the exchange rate presented a negative elasticity.
162

Identificação dos efeitos de longo prazo dos choques cambiais para os preços: uma abordagem a partir de modelos SVCE / Identification of the long-term effects of exchange rate shocks to prices: a svec models approach

Guilherme Henrique Albertin dos Reis 23 June 2014 (has links)
Uma série de relações de simultaneidade definem a estrutura de determinação dos preços no agregado para uma economia aberta. Além destas inter-relações a natureza das variáveis, seguindo trajetória não estacionárias quando individualmente analisadas mas de equilíbrio no sentido de que se movimentam conjuntamente no longo prazo, faz com que a estrutura para a análise empírica da relação entre a taxa de câmbio e os preços consista em um sistema complexo sobre o qual tem relevância tanto a dinâmica de curto quanto a dinâmica de longo prazo entre das variáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho é manter-se coerente a este contexto para obter estimativas do repasse cambial de longo prazo para os preços da economia brasileira. Isto é possível utilizando o arcabouço metodológico dos modelos Vetores de Correção de Erros (VCE), sendo assim, a principal contribuição deste trabalho consiste na aplicação da metodologia dos modelos Estruturais de Vetores de Correção de Erros (SVCE), introduzidos em King et. al. (1991). Além disso o trabalho discute a identificação do repasse cambial a partir das funções de resposta ao impulso para variáveis não estacionárias, obtidas para os modelos VCE e SVCE, por meio das quais é possível identificar o longo prazo e contrastar os diferentes resultados para o repasse cambial obtidos de acordo com este arcabouço metodológico. / There is a series of simultaneous relations that define the structure of pricing determination in aggregate for an open economy. Besides these interrelations, the nature of the variables, following non-stationary trajectory when analyzed individually but in equilibrium in the sense that, in the long run they move together, causes the structure to the empirical analysis of the relationship between the exchange rate and prices consists in a complex system over which has relevance both the short-run and long-term dynamics between the variables. The objective of this work is to remain consistent in this context to obtaining estimates of long-term exchange pass-through to the aggregate prices of Brazilian economy. This is possible using the methodological framework of the Vector Error Correction models (VEC), inside which, the main contribution of this work consists in applying the methodology of Structural Vector Error Correction models (SVEC), introduced in King et. al. (1991). Furthermore, the paper discusses the identification of exchange rate pass-through using the impulse response functions for non-stationary variables, obtained for the VEC and SVEC models, through which it is possible to identify the long-term exchange rate pass-through and compare the different results obtained according to this methodological framework.
163

Taxa de cambio e preços no Brasil : analise dos impactos das variações cambiais sobre os preços industriais domesticos e das exportações no periodo 1995-2005 / Exchange rte and prices in Brazil : an analysis of the impacts of changes in exchange rate on domestic and export industrial prices during 1995-2005 period

Correa, Andre Luiz 31 March 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Mariano Francisco Laplane / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correa_AndreLuiz_D.pdf: 1186726 bytes, checksum: 056ba9c86d47af718ea6f46c48b5ffde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa empiricamente os impactos de variações cambiais sobre os preços de exportação e os preços industriais domésticos, desagregados setorialmente, no Brasil durante o período 1995-2005, levando em consideração a inserção externa da economia em um contexto de ampliação da internacionalização após o processo de reestruturação produtiva implementado ao longo da década de 1990. O referencial teórico incorpora trabalhos sobre o tema do exchange rate pass-through que privilegiam aspectos ligados à estrutura de comércio e à estratégias de empresas estrangeiras operando em diversos mercados. Os coeficientes de pass-through referentes aos preços de exportação indicam que os maiores repasses ocorrem em setores produtores de bens de menor conteúdo tecnológico em que o Brasil possui posição comercial relativamente forte, ao passo que parte dos setores produtores de manufaturados apresentam coeficientes de repasse cambial reduzido. Em relação ao preçõs industriais domésticos, os maiores coeficientes de passthrough foram observados em setores produtores de manufaturados, geralmente importadores de componentes intermediários dotados de maior conteúdo tecnolóico. Os resultados refletem em grande medida a inserção comercial brasileira, indicando que desvalorizações cambiais não possuem o mesmo efeito para todos os setores em termos de elevação da competitividade / Abstract: This work analyses the impacts of changes in exchange rates on domestic and export prices in Brazil during the 1995-2005 period. The main theoretical references take into account microeconomic aspects of international trade, like market structure and the role of transnational corporations. The findings suggest that exchange rate pass-through to export prices of less complex goods, like commodities, tends to be higher. Regarding more complex goods, like automobiles and machinery, the results indicate reduced pass-through, notwithstanding the high pass-through to prices of electronics and other vehicles. Concerning domestic prices, the results are quite different: estimates indicate higher exchange rate pass-through to prices of more complex goods. In general, these sectors present expressive consumption of imported intermediate goods, like electronics, chemical industry and pharmaceutical products. To some extent, these results reflect the structure of the Brazilian international trade / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
164

Ensaios aplicados de macroeconomia: taxa de câmbio e expectativas de inflação / Tests applied in macroeconomics: exchange rate expectations and inflation

Juan Pedro Jensen Perdomo 07 November 2008 (has links)
Esta tese de doutorado consiste em três ensaios aplicados de macroeconomia. O primeiro ensaio retoma o clássico resultado do artigo de Meese e Rogoff (1983), em que os autores encontram fortes evidências de que nenhum modelo estrutural para a taxa de câmbio supera as projeções de um modelo random walk. Neste primeiro ensaio, comparamos o erro das projeções para a taxa de câmbio, efetuadas por bancos, instituições financeiras e consultorias econômicas, captadas no ranking Top-5 do Banco Central do Brasil, com as projeções de um modelo random walk e um modelo estrutural, o de paridade não coberta de taxa de juros, para três horizontes de previsão. Os resultados mostram que o modelo random walk tem maior índice de acerto em comparação com os métodos utilizados pelas instituições participantes da pesquisa e em comparação ao método estrutural. Este índice de acerto aumenta com o prazo de projeção. O segundo ensaio trata dos determinantes das expectativas de inflação no Brasil. As expectativas de inflação são uma das mais importantes variáveis na determinação da inflação futura, determinando a condução da política monetária. Através de modelagem econométrica, encontramos que as variáveis que afetam as expectativas de inflação são: a) meta de inflação é a variável mais importante, funcionado como âncora das expectativas; b) inflação passada; c) hiato do produto; d) taxa de câmbio; e) preços internacionais; e f) taxa de juros. Variáveis de política fiscal não parecem ser importantes na determinação das expectativas de inflação. O terceiro ensaio volta a tratar da taxa de câmbio, tratando de entender o impacto das desvalorizações do Real sobre o comportamento das empresas. Sabese que os impactos na atividade econômica de uma desvalorização cambial podem ser positivos ou negativos. Para as firmas, o benefício se dá em termos de competitividade, dada a redução nos custos. Mas, se as firmas tiverem dívida atrelada à moeda estrangeira, a desvalorização pode ter mais custos do que benefícios, dado as restrições à atuação das empresas via mercado de crédito. Este é o efeito de balanço patrimonial. Este terceiro ensaio trata de contribuir na identificação dos impactos destas desvalorizações sobre o comportamento dos investimentos de empresas brasileiras. Através de dados microeconômicos, os resultados das estimações não permitem concluir qual dos dois efeitos, de balanço patrimonial ou de competitividade, é mais importante. Entretanto, a separação da amostra em firmas de diferentes tamanhos evidencia um efeito de balanço patrimonial superior ao efeito de competitividade no caso de firmas grandes. / This doctoral thesis consists of three essays in applied macroeconomics. The first essay retakes the classic result of the article by Meese and Rogoff (1983), in which the authors found strong evidence that no structural model for the exchange rate surpasses the projections of a random walk model. In this first essay we compare the error of the projections for the exchange rate, effected by banks, financial institutions and economic consultants, caught in ranking Top-5 of the Brazilian Central Bank, with the projections of a random walk model and a structural model of uncovered interest parity for three horizons of forecast. The results show that the random walk model has greater index of rightness in comparison with the methods used for the participant institutions of the research and in comparison with the structural method. This index of rightness increases with the projection stated period. The second essay deals with the determinants of inflation expectations in Brazil. Expectations of inflation are one of the most important variables in determining the future inflation, determining the conduct of monetary policy. Through econometric modeling we find that the variables that affect inflation expectations are: a) inflation target it is the most important variable, worked as anchor of expectations; b) past inflation; c) the product gap; d) exchange rate; e) international prices; and f) interest rate. Variables of fiscal policy do not seem to be important in the determination of inflation expectations. The third essay is once again dealing with the exchange rate, trying to understand the impact of the devaluation of the Real on corporate behavior. It is known that the impacts on economic activity of currency devaluation can be positive or negative. For firms, the benefit is given in terms of competitiveness, given the reduction in costs. But, if the firms have geared to the foreign currency debt, the devaluation may have more costs than benefits, given the restrictions on the performance of companies by market credit. This is the effect of balance sheet. This work comes to help in identifying the impact of these devaluations on the performance of the investments of Brazilian companies. Through microeconomic data, the results of the estimates can not conclude which of the two effects, balance sheet or competitiveness, is more important. Meanwhile, the separation of the sample in firms of different sizes shows an effect of balance sheet higher than the effect of competitiveness in the case of large firms.
165

Teste de cointegração para a paridade de poder de compra para o Brasil: evidências do efeito Balassa-Samuelson. / Cointegration test for the Purchasing Power Parity for Brazil: evidences of the Balassa-Samuelson effect.

Leonardo Prudente Marques 26 September 2003 (has links)
A economia brasileira passou por um período de profundas transformações ao longo das duas últimas décadas do século vinte. As mudanças no ambiente econômico induzidas pela abertura comercial e financeira, reforma do Estado e estabilidade monetária, tiveram efeitos positivos sobre a eficiência produtiva. Neste trabalho são apresentadas evidências de que a diferença nos ganhos de produtividade entre a economia brasileira e americana é variável relevante para explicar desvios de longo prazo da taxa real de câmbio daquela dada pela doutrina da Paridade de Poder de Compra (PPC). A metodologia de cointegração de Johansen foi utilizada em busca de evidências da validade do efeito Balassa-Samuelson para a taxa de câmbio bilateral entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos no período de janeiro de 1978 a agosto de 2002. Para tanto, foi verificada a existência de cointegração entre as variáveis câmbio real e o relativo de preços dos não comercializáveis/comercializáveis para o Brasil e Estados Unidos, de acordo com a modificação feita por Dutton e Strauss (1997) à formulação tradicional da doutrina da Paridade de Poder de Compra (PPC). Esses relativos de preços forma construídos a partir de dados desagregados de índices de preços nos dois países e considerando-se os serviços como pertencentes ao setor dos não comercializáveis e produtos manufaturados ao dos comercializáveis. O procedimento de Johansen foi também aplicado para testar a validade da PPC na sua versão tradicional e dentre o setor dos comercializáveis somente. Os testes apontam para a validade da PPC em todas as três versões consideradas. Entretanto, a versão tradicional não é rejeitada com a presença de uma tendência determinista no vetor de cointegração e essa não rejeição pode ser conseqüência da presença de uma variável integrada de segunda ordem na estimação. Para a versão modificada os testes apontam fortemente para existência de cointegração e para um ajuste melhor do modelo em relação à versão tradicional. A conclusão é de que o efeito Balassa-Samuelson é relevante para explicar movimentos de longo prazo da taxa de cambio bilateral Real/dólar americano no período estudado. / The brazilian economy underwent a period of major transformations during the last two decades of the twentieth century. The changes in economic environment induced by commercial and financial opening, reform of the State and monetary stability, had positive effects on production efficiency. In this work I present evidences that the differential in productivity gain between Brazil and United States is a relevant variable in explaining long run deviations of real exchange rate from the one given by the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) doctrine. The Johansen’s co integration methodology was used in the search of evidence for the significance of the Balassa-Samuelson effect in the bilateral exchange rate Real/US dollar between january 1978 and august 2002. The existence of co integration between the real exchange rate and non-tradables/tradables goods relative prices for Brazil and U.S. was therefore verified, in accordance to Dutton and Strauss (1997) modifications to standard PPP. These non-tadables/tradables relative prices were built from disaggregated data of price indexes in both countries and considering services as the non-tradable sector and manufacturing goods as the tradable sector. Johansen procedure was also used in testing the validity of PPP in its standard version and amongst tradable goods sector only. The test results point out the validity of PPP in all three cases considered. However, the standard version is not rejected in the presence of a deterministic trend in the co integration vector and this non-rejection might be due to the presence of a second order integrated variable in estimation. For the modified version, the results strongly indicate the existence of co integration and a better fit of the model compared to the standard PPP version. The conclusion is that the Balassa-Samuelson effect is relevant in explaining long run movements of the bilateral exchange rate Real/US dollar in the period studied.
166

[en] CURRENCY CRISES AND CURRENCY BOARDS: A MODEL RELAXING THE CLASSICAL PPP ASSUMPTION / [pt] CRISES CAMBIAIS E CURRENCY BOARDS: UM MODELO RELAXANDO A HIPÓTESE DA PPP

SOLANGE SROUR 04 September 2009 (has links)
[pt] O principal objetivo da dissertação é analisar crises de realinhamento da taxa de câmbio real. O modelo desenvolvido relaxa a hipótese da PPP, que é usual nos modelos de crises cambiais, e assume que o desequilíbrio da taxa de câmbio é derivado de choques exógenos no balanço de pagamentos. Este tipo de abordagem permite explicar crises que não são derivadas da adoção de políticas inconsistentes com o regime cambial fixo e sim resultado do processo de ajuste da economia. Um aspecto fundamental do modelo é a importância do grau de comprometimento do governo em relação ao câmbio fixo. A adoção de regimes de câmbio fixo com altos custos de saída, como o currency board, pode ser racionalizada através de um modelo simples como o apresentado. / [en] The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze real exchange rate realignment crises. The model developed abandons the PPP hypothesis, which is common in the exchange rate crises models, and assumes that disequilibrium of the exchange rate is derived from exogenous shocks at the balance of payments. This type of approach allows us to explain crises that are not derived from the adoption of policies that are inconsistent with the fixed parity, but result from the process of adjusting the economy. A fundamental aspect of the model is the importance of the degree of commitment of the government in respect to the parity. The adoption of regimes of fixed exchange rate with high costs of exit, as currency boards, can be rationalized through a simple model as the one presented below.
167

Forecasting errors, directional accuracy and profitability of currency trading: The case of EUR/USD exchange rate

Costantini, Mauro, Crespo Cuaresma, Jesus, Hlouskova, Jaroslava January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
We provide a comprehensive study of out-of-sample forecasts for the EUR/USD exchange rate based on multivariate macroeconomic models and forecast combinations. We use profit maximization measures based on directional accuracy and trading strategies in addition to standard loss minimization measures. When comparing predictive accuracy and profit measures, data snooping bias free tests are used. The results indicate that forecast combinations, in particular those based on principal components of forecasts, help to improve over benchmark trading strategies, although the excess return per unit of deviation is limited.
168

The impact of exchange rate, interest rate and oil price fluctuations on stock returns of GCC listed companies

Alenezi, Marim January 2015 (has links)
Exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and oil price fluctuations are the most demonstrated risks in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries (Arouri and Nguyen, 2010). Research, however, in this area is still underdeveloped. The importance of this study is to contribute to this research gap. This research aims to show how these three risks affect firms' market values by examining 473 listed firms in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates for the period January 2007 to June 2012. The research further examines the determinants of these risks. The study uses the AR (1) EGARCH-M model. The results indicate that stock returns in GCC countries are influenced by the exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and oil price risk. However, the exposure was highest for exchange rate risk and lowest for interest rate risk. While the effects of these risks were mixed, overall, exchange rate risk and oil price risk showed more positive significance as compared to the interest rate risk that showed more negatively significant effect on firm values. The level of the effect of these risk also differed from country to country. However, firms in United Arab Emirates revealed the highest exposure to all the three risks while those in Saudi Arabia showed the least exposed to the three risks. Oman firms also showed high exposure to exchange rate and interest rate risks. The segregated results overall showed lower exposure of financial firms as compared to non-financial firms. However, the non-financial firms in Bahrain were more exposed to the risks than the financial firms. In Saudi Arabia, the financial firms revealed the least exposure to the risk suggesting effective risk management practices. In addition, foreign operations and firm size had a significant influence on the extent of the firms’ exposure to all the three risks. Leverage also influenced the level of exposure to interest rate risk. Profitability, growth and liquidity did not reveal a significant influence on the level of exposure. Further, increasing the risk does not lead to increased returns in most of the GCC countries. The risk-return parameters were largely negative. However, positive news increases return volatility more than negative news in most countries. Also, the current volatility of most GCC firms’ returns are time varying, are a function or past innovation and past volatility. The volatility of stock returns, which is affected by changes in the risk factors, could demonstrate the non-prioritisation of risk management by firms.
169

An analysis of the impact of crude oil price shocks on the exchange rate in South Africa

Sedick, Afiefa January 2016 (has links)
Magister Economicae - MEcon / Numerous studies have investigated the impact of oil price shocks on the exchange rates in developed economies. However, fewer studies have examined the effect of oil price shocks in developing economies. One study by Turhan, Hacihasanoglu and Soytas in 2012 examines the dynamic effect of oil price movements in thirteen developing markets, including South Africa. Another study by Kin and Courage (2014) investigate the effect of crude oil prices on the South African exchange rate, but their modelling, time period and variables differs. The intention of the current mini-thesis, however, is investigate the effect of crude oil prices on the exchange rate of South Africa from January 1980 to December 2014. The aim of this mini-thesis is to explore the impact of crude oil price movements on the volatility of the exchange rate on the South African market. Currently emerging economies are consuming an increasing share of the world’s oil and they have therefore become larger players in the global financial markets. Basher and Sadorsky (2006:224-227) state that as countries modernise and urbanise, their demand for crude oil and its related products tends to increase. The rising economic importance of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economies implies that the possibility of the consumption of oil in the developing economies could surpass the global oil consumption of developed economies. It is important to note that future oil demand cannot be predicted, but oil demand growth is highly correlated with the growth in the industrial production of a country. The use of oil for energy consumption and the use of oil trading on the stock markets and the financial markets are all linked on the path of a country’s economic growth. In order to evaluate the link between the four variables of oil prices, exchange rates, manufacturing production index and the prime rate, qualitative research methods will be used. The methods which will be applied are the vector autoregressive model and the vector error correction mechanism. This study reveals that the movement in Brent oil prices has a relatively insignificant impact on the movement of the South African rand on a monthly basis.
170

Effect of foreign exchange interventions on volatility of dollar/yen exchange rate / Effect of foreign exchange interventions on volatility of dollar/yen exchange rate

Filippova, Daria January 2017 (has links)
Japanese monetary authorities used to employ various intervention techniques to adjust the level of the dollar/yen exchange rate and reduce its volatility. Application of the GARCH-in- mean model for estimation of the effect of these operations demonstrates that depreciating interventions reduced volatility effectively from 1995 until 2002. Frequent interventions of the small scale had a tendency to increase volatility during period 1991-1995. Foreign exchange interventions conducted by US Fed have increasing, means negative, effect, on the conditional variance. Frequent interventions of the great scale do not affect the volatility; it is determined mostly by the persistent level of the conditional variance from the latter periods. Recent interventions conducted by the Bank of Japan after the financial crisis do not show any considerable effect on both the volatility and the level of the exchange rate.

Page generated in 0.0939 seconds